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Evaluation of the adjuvanticity of artemisinin with soluble Leishmania major antigens in BALB/c mice

Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2009年第6期23卷 359-372页

作者： Albert Kimutai Willy K. Tonui Michael M. Gicheru Peter Kamau Ngure Johnstone Ingonga Stella Kepha Laban Ireri Njeru dorcas wachira Robert Karanja Muhia Milkah Mwangi Lydia B. Nyamwamu Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Science Department Daystar University School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi

Objective： To determine the adjuvant potential of artemisinin with a soluble leishmanial antigen in vaccinating BALB/c mice. Methods： Seventy two female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The mice were vaccinated with soluble Leishmania antigens （SLA） alone, artemisinin co-administered with SLA, SLA and Bacille Calmette Gu fin （BCG） vaccine, and artemisinin and BCG alone. Unvaccinated mice formed the control group. The induction of cell-mediated immunity following vaccination was determined by measuring in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and the production of interleukin （IL）-4, IL-5 and gamma interferon （IFN-γ） determined by flow cytometry. Protection against L. major was determined by quantifying parasite burdens in L. major infected footpads using a limiting dilution assay and by measuring lesion sizes of the infected footpad compared to the contralateral uninfected footpad. Results： Mice receiving SLA plus artemisinin produced significantly high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 （P 〈 0.05） and low levels of IFN-γ, resulting in exacerbated disease. In addition, subcutaneous administration of SLA ＋ artemisinin, artemisinin alone or SLA alone resulted in the development of large footpad swellings and high parasite loads that were comparable to those of the control unvaccinated mice （P 〉 0.05）, resulting in exacerbated disease. Conclusion： These data suggest that artemisinin is not a suitable adjuvant for Leishmania vaccines. However, since artemisinin has been shown to be effective against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo, further studies ought to be conducted to determine its immunochemotherapeutic potential when co-administered with Leishmania antigens.

关键词： Artemisinin Leishmania Soluble Leishmania antigens BALB/c mice immunity cytokine adjuvant interleukin-4 (IL-4) IL-5 IFN-γ lesion size footpad lesion vaccine parasite burden proliferation stimulation index

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Modelling of fault reactivation mechanisms and associated induced seismicity in rocks with different elastic materials

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Petroleum Research 2022年第1期7卷 91-105页

作者： dorcas S.Eyinla Department of Geology Pan African UniversityLife and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Earth Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungbaAkokoNigeria Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology School of GeosciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandUK

The mechanical failure of fault plane during fluid injection can be conveniently approached by numerical methods,and the results can be applied in fault slip analysis to determine the corresponding magnitude of induced *** hydrofracturing,when faults are present and the fluid is injected into the fault,micro-seismic events are possible,although the magnitude is often somewhat larger than those associated with micro-seismic events produced from regular hydraulic fracturing because of the larger surface area available for fault *** study considers the rate at which the changing elastic properties of materials influences the magnitude of seismic event during fault *** simulation is carried out under varying injection flow rates from 0.18 kg/s to 0.3 kg/s,and the thermo-hydromechanical(THM)model in FLAC3D is *** the material elastic moduli increase significantly under isothermal injection,the resulted non-uniformity in the fault slip timing affects the magnitude of injection-induced *** with lower moduli produced higher slip distance and seismicity during shear ***,in the coupled thermal case,the magnitudes of seismicity during injection are largely enhanced at lower elastic properties,which suggests that the energy of accumulated fluid pressure produces a larger rupture and longer slip displacement in cold injection than in the isothermal *** resulting volumetric strain,both in the fault zone and in the matrix,is higher in lower moduli,meanwhile,it is much developed in non-isothermal injection as a result of the rock's response to the sum effect of thermal strain and the stress-induced strain.

关键词： Mechanical behaviour Material moduli Cold-water injection Volumetric strain Pressurized zone

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Controls of fault geometry and thermal stress on fault slip modes:Implications for permeability enhancement and injection-induced seismicity

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Petroleum Research 2021年第4期6卷 392-407页

作者： dorcas S.Eyinla Michael A.Oladunjoye Department of Geology Pan African UniversityLife and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Earth Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba AkokoNigeria Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology School of GeosciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandUnited Kingdom

Fluid pressurization within the fault zone generates increasing pore pressure and stress change which is liable to create shear and/or brittle fractures within the reservoir volumes and subsequently generating earthquakes of varying ***,we explored time-dependent fault weakening processes in the fault zone which are dependent on several factors,including the rate of cold-water injection,modes of injection(hydromechanical(HM)and thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)interactions),and changing fault spatial configurations using data from Niger Delta *** variation in the stability of different fault models in withstanding stresses induced by HM and THM fluid interactions is *** permeability enhancement and the behaviour of slip event under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions revealed that stress and pore pressure perturbations have a first order control on the rate of fault dilation and *** is observed that the progressive cooling of the reservoir induced thermal stress which induced the timing of slip by unloading the fault to earlier seismic rupture in the non-isothermal case,and accelerates the magnitude of the fault reactivation and the accompanied induced *** to increased tendency of shear failure during injection,fracture opening through shear dilation is more enhanced in THM simulation as the fracture permeability is significantly higher than in *** effect becomes increasingly more dominant with intermediate fault angle and joint *** fault/joint configurations which were resistant to shear failure under isothermal injection had their frictional resistance broken by thermal *** results also indicate that there is higher pore pressure build-up in THM than in HM as the injection rate increases and reservoir temperature drops during cold injections..This study has demonstrated the importance of fully characterizing the fracture geometries and configurations of normal faulting regime in additio

关键词： Fault spatial arrangement Thermal stress Cold injection Injection-induced seismicity Stress variation Slip delay

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Empirical analysis for the characterization of geo-mechanical strength and pressure regime:Implications on hydraulic fracturing stimulation

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Petroleum 2019年第3期5卷 260-270页

作者： dorcas S.Eyinla Michael A.Oladunjoye Department of Earth Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityNigeria Department of Geology University of IbadanNigeria

Among the several activities involved in oil exploration are the determination of hydrocarbon in-place and mechanical competency of the oil *** pressure regimes of the formation have also become vital properties which must be well known to ensure preliminary awareness of the hydraulic *** study seeks to adopt a prediction strategy of the overall geo-mechanical competency and strength of the formation,using a less stressful computational process and an empirical analysis,developed using three wells from ED BON area in parts of Niger *** constants such as Poisson Ratio,Young's,Shear and Bulk moduli which are the parameters for characterizing rock mechanical properties were estimated,as well as the subsurface formation pressures and the associated fracture gradient using P-wave sonic and density *** results from the analysis showed that there is correlation between elastic strength and fracture pressure.

关键词： Elastic strength Hydraulic fracturing Competency Prediction strategy Geomechanical parameters

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Adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in East Africa. What influence farmers' decision?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 90-101页

作者： Stanley Karanja Ng'ang'a dorcas Anyango Jalang'o Evan Hartunian Girvetz International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) National Agricultural Research Laboratories-KawandaP.O.Box 6247KampalaUganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 823-00621NairobiKenya

The last two decades have seen a rise of interest in the adoption and diffusion of agricultural technologies aimed at improving the sustainability of agricultural lands among smallholder farmers in developing *** papers set out to understand factors that influence the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration among smallholder farmers,using secondary data recorded in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies(WOCAT)database from 45 to 50 smallholders'farmers in selected places in Kenya and Ethiopia respectively.A Probit model was used to analyse whether socio-economic,institutional,off-farm income,technical know-how,farmers'percep-tions,and land use characteristics influences the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon *** results show that smallholder farmers that positively perceived net benefits of the soil carbon enhancing technologies were more likely to adopt such technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in both *** to off-farm income and land ownership with title deeds were also found to be positively associated with ***-farm income positively influences adoption among farmer with a moderate income(100-500US$per year)but not the rich(>500US$)*** to high level of skills and technical know-how required for implementing and maintaining a technology on the farm had a negative influence on *** shows that interventions,aimed at addressing specific factors such as inadequate skills and knowledge,change in perception among farmers,and off-farm income are likely to have the greatest impact in decisions relating to the adoption of the soil carbon enhancing practices among farmers in East Africa.

关键词： Factors Influencing The adoption Soil carbon Sequestration East Africa

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Infection control and prevention in burn victims:The role of nurses

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2024年第2期6卷 136-141页

作者： dorcas Ayomikun ARIYO Olaolorunpo OLORUNFEMI Department of Nursing Faculty of Nursing SciencesAchievers UniversityOwoOndo StateNigeria

Burn injury is a major public health concern,with an estimated 180,000 deaths each year associated with burn-related *** majority of these occur in low-and middle-income countries,and almost two-thirds occur in the World Health Organization African and South-East Asia *** is a risk of an escalation of burn injury site infections if nurses who are directly involved in burn care do not develop a mechanism to mitigate this risk in the coming ***,this study aims at explaining what burn injuries are and how nurses can prevent the occurrence of infection among burn *** review analyzed published studies using keywords such as burn injury,infection in burn patients,and nurses’involvement in infection prevention and control(IPC)on search engines such as PubMed,Science Direct,and Google *** literature was retrieved and reviewed for eligibility to capture just the variables indicated in this seminar objective;the date range chosen in the literature search was from 2015 to *** study found that many patients die from burn injuries as a result of exposure to infection and most nurses are not adequately informed about infection *** study also found that nurses’responsibilities include proper hand hygiene,wound care,the use of personal protective equipment,antibiotic medication,cleaning the patient’s surroundings,and preventing patient *** injuries pose a significant risk to patients,necessitating infection control and ***,nurses in burn units should be informed on IPC practices and also educate patients,families,and coworkers on their importance.

关键词： Burn injury control holistic nursing care infection prevention nurses practices

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Fault reactivation potential and associated permeability evolution under changing injection conditions

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Petroleum 2021年第3期7卷 282-293页

作者： dorcas S.Eyinla Michael A.Oladunjoye Quan Gan Abel I.Olayinka Department of Geology Pan African UniversityLife and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Earth Sciences Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba AkokoNigeria Department of Petroleum Geology and Geology School of GeosciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenScotlandUK

Understanding the hydraulic and frictional sensitivity of fault to different injection conditions is one of the efficient ways to provide useful implications for fault reactivation *** simulations of fractured reservoir have provided information on how fault behaviour varies under changing hydromechanical properties and injection conditions.A coupled hydro-mechanical model which can represent the elastoplastic behaviour of a fault was employed to predict and quantify the effects of varying injection positions and injection rates on permeability response and potential of fault reactivation under isothermal *** examine the sensitivity of seismic event magnitude and timing to variations in both pressure perturbation and stress as injection location *** generate results for two scenarios:one with changing injection position but with uniform injection rate,and another scenario with increasing injection rate at the same injection *** observed that the potential of fault reactivation is affected by the hydraulic diffusivity potential of the fluid pressure,and this mechanism is mediated by a function of the injector position and injection *** the velocity of fluid transmission increases,increasing fluid pressure impact pore pressure elevation and reduced effective ***,an injector position where there is low diffusivity causes low pore pressure build-up rate,incapable of inducing shear failure,and thus,permeability enhancement is retarded in this ***,the injection rate variation influences the rate of pore pressure build-up,the timing and magnitude of induced seismic *** is also reflected in the permeability evolution as a response to the variations in the magnitude of fault openings and *** changing injection conditions however influences the timing required to reach the critical peak friction point as pore pressure build-up rate and sensitivity to loading response ***,with changing

关键词： Fluid pressure diffusivity Shear deformation Pressure elevation Injector location Slip magnitude

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Ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 254-270页

作者： Robert N.REED John D.WILLSON Gordon H.RODDA Michael E.dorcas US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColorado Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia Department of Biology Davidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA

An invasive population of Burmese pythons(Python molurus bivittatus)is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native *** has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread?We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each *** focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment *** results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python’s success in *** attributes with the highest scores were:high reproductive potential,low vulnerability to predation,large adult body size,large offspring size and high dietary ***,attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular(including predatory mode,energetic efficiency and social interactions)might have also contributed to invasion *** establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments,evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species.

关键词： body size Burmese python Florida invasive species Python molurus

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A Review of Caesarean Delivery at the Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第4期13卷 728-736页

作者： dorcas Salime Onuminya Kogi State Specialist Hospital Lokoja Nigeria

Background: Caesarean delivery rate is increasing globally including in Nigeria. Caesarean delivery is a life-saving surgery for both mother and child. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the caesarean delivery rate at the Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria over a one-year period. Methods: This was a prospective assessment of the demographic characteristics of patients, indications, types, rates and outcomes of Caesarean delivery in Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria from December 15, 2020 to December 14, 2021. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical package (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). The categorical data were displayed using tables and charts. Results: There was a total of 491 deliveries, out of which were 113 Caesarean deliveries and 378 spontaneous vaginal deliveries making the Caesarean delivery rate in Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria 23.0%. There were no instrumental deliveries during the study period. The commonest indication for Caesarean section was obstructed labour in 31% of cases. There was no maternal mortality. There were three early neonatal deaths due to severe birth asphyxia. Conclusion: The rate of Caesarean delivery in this study was 23.0% and obstructed labour was the leading indication in 31% of cases. The rate of Caesarean delivery in this study is high, albeit the overall outcome was good for both mother and child. Caesarean delivery, therefore, remains one of the means for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.

关键词： Caesarean Delivery Indications Maternal Morbidity Mortality Outcomes Nigeria Perinatal

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Retention of testicular integrity and testosterone levels upon ingestion of garlic cloves(Allium sativum)in the Sprague-Dawley rat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第4期5卷 319-323页

作者： Adejoke Elizabeth Memudu Ibukun dorcas Akinrinade Olalekan Michael Ogundele Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Bingham University Neural Systems Lab Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Louisiana State University

Objective: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic aqueous garlic extract ingestion on testicular cellular integrity and serum testosterone ***: Twenty(20) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing an average of 120 g were *** were divided into three groups. Group A served as control(10 rats for 28 and 56 d respectively), while treatment Groups B and C were given 200 mg/kg for Allium sativum(garlic cloves) extract for 28 and 56 d ***: Histological analysis revealed the presence of all spermatogenic lineages, appearance of proliferative activities in the interstitial cells, as well as increased serum testosterone ***: This study confirmed proliferative and restorative potentials in both acute and chronic garlic ingestion.

关键词： Allium sativum Testis Testosterone

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