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Estimation of effective plant area index for South Korean forests using LiDAR system

Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 898-908页

作者： KWAK doo-Ahn LEE Woo-Kyun KAFATOS Menas SON Yowhan cho Hyun-Kook LEE Seung-Ho Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Korea University Center of Excellence in Earth Observing Schmid College of ScienceChapman University Division of Forest Resources Information Korea Forest Research Institute

Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR) systems can be used to estimate both vertical and horizontal forest *** components,the leaves of trees and the understory can be described with high precision,using geo-registered *** on this concept,the Effective Plant Area Indices(PAIe) for areas of Korean Pine(Pinus koraiensis),Japanese Larch(Larix leptolepis) and Oak(Quercus spp.) were estimated by calculating the ratio of intercepted and incident LIDAR laser rays for the canopies of the three forest ***,the canopy gap fraction(GLiDAR) was generated by extracting the LiDAR data reflected from the canopy surface,or inner canopy area,using k-means *** LiDAR-derived PAIe was then estimated by using GLIDAR with the Beer-Lambert law.A comparison of the LiDAR-derived and field-derived PAIe revealed the coefficients of determination for Korean Pine,Japanese Larch and Oak to be 0.82,0.64 and 0.59,*** differences between field-based and LIDAR-based PAIe for the different forest types were attributed to the amount of leaves and branches in the forest *** absence of leaves,in the case of both Larch and Oak,meant that the LiDAR pulses were only reflected from *** probability that the LiDAR pulses are reflected from bare branches is low as compared to the reflection from branches with a high leaf *** is because the size of the branch is smaller than the resolution across and along the 1 meter LIDAR laser ***,a better predictive accuracy would be expected for the model if the study would be repeated in late spring when the shoots and leaves of the deciduous trees begin to appear.

关键词： leaf area index plant area index LiDAR k-means clustering gap fraction beer-lambert law

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Optimizing radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第20期25卷 2416-2429页

作者： Changhoon choi Gyu Sang Yoo Won Kyung cho hee Chul Park Department of Radiation Oncology Samsung Medical CenterSeoul 06351South Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in North America and Western Europe as well as South-East Asia. Patients with advanced stage HCC have very poor outcomes;therefore, the discovery of new innovative approaches is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has become a game-changer and revolutionized cancer treatment. A comprehensive understanding of tumor-immune interactions led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as new therapeutic tools, which have been used with great success. Targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated protein-4 (CTLA-4) reinvigorates anti-tumor immunity by restoring exhausted T cells. Despite their effectiveness in several types of cancer, of the many immune suppressive mechanisms limit the efficacy of ICI monotherapy. Radiation therapy (RT) is an essential local treatment modality for a broad range of malignancies, and it is currently gaining extensive attention as a promising combination partner with ICIs because of its ability to trigger immunogenic cell death. The efficacy of combination approaches using RT and ICIs has been well documented in numerous preclinical and clinical studies on various types of cancers but not HCC. The application of ICIs has now expanded to HCC, and RT is recognized as a promising modality in HCC. This review will highlight the current roles of PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapies and their combination with RT in the treatment of cancers, including HCC. In addition, this review will discuss the future perspectives of the combination of ICIs and RT in HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Radiation therapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Abscopal effect

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Transplantation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells for repair of injured spiral ganglion neurons in deaf guinea pigs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第6期11卷 994-1000页

作者： Sujeong Jang Hyong-Ho cho Song-hee Kim Kyung-Hwa Lee Yong-Bum cho Jong-Seong Park Han-Seong Jeong Department of Physiology Chonnam National University Medical School Department of Otolaryngology Chonnam National University Medical School Department of Pathology Chonnam National University Medical School

Excessive noise, ototoxic drugs, infections, autoimmune diseases, and aging can cause loss of spiral ganglion neurons, leading to permanent sensorineural hearing loss in mammals. Stem cells have been confirmed to be able to differentiate into spiral ganglion neurons. Little has been reported on adipose tissue-derived stem cells（ADSCs） for repair of injured spiral ganglion neurons. In this study, we hypothesized that transplantation of neural induced-human ADSCs（NI-h ADSCs） can repair the injured spiral ganglion neurons in guinea pigs with neomycin-induced sensorineural hearing loss. NI-h ADSCs were induced with culture medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor and forskolin and then injected to the injured cochleae. Guinea pigs that received injection of Hanks＇ balanced salt solution into the cochleae were used as controls. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 8 weeks after cell transplantation, the number of surviving spiral ganglion neurons in the cell transplantation group was significantly increased than that in the control group. Also at 8 weeks after cell transplantation, immunohistochemical staining showed that a greater number of NI-h ADSCs in the spiral ganglions were detected in the cell transplantation group than in the control group, and these NI-h ADSCs expressed neuronal markers neurofilament protein and microtubule-associated protein 2. Within 8 weeks after cell transplantation, the guinea pigs in the cell transplantation group had a gradually decreased auditory brainstem response threshold, while those in the control group had almost no response to 80 d B of clicks or pure tone burst. These findings suggest that a large amount of NI-h ADSCs migrated to the spiral ganglions, survived for a period of time, repaired the injured spiral ganglion cells, and thereby contributed to the recovery of sensorineural hearing loss in guinea pigs.

关键词： guinea ganglion repair hearing adipose injured brainstem auditory neuronal cochlear

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Application of 3D bioprinting in the prevention and the therapy for human diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第6期6卷 1681-1697页

作者： hee-Gyeong Yi Hyeonji Kim Junyoung Kwon Yeong-Jin choi Jinah Jang Dong-Woo cho Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National University77 Yongbong-RoGwangju 61186Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)77 Cheongam-RoPohangKyungbuk 37673Korea Department of Advanced Biomaterials Research Korea Institute of Materials Science(KIMS)797 ChangwondaeroChangwonKyungnam 51508Korea Department of Convergence IT Engineering POSTECH77 Cheongam-RoPohangKyungbuk 37673Korea Institute of Convergence Science Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeoul 03722Korea

Rapid development of vaccines and therapeutics is necessary to tackle the emergence of new pathogens and infectious *** speed up the drug discovery process,the conventional development pipeline can be retooled by introducing advanced in vitro models as alternatives to conventional infectious disease models and by employing advanced technology for the production of medicine and cell/drug delivery *** this regard,layer-by-layer construction with a 3D bioprinting system or other technologies provides a beneficial method for developing highly biomimetic and reliable in vitro models for infectious disease *** addition,the high flexibility and versatility of 3D bioprinting offer advantages in the effective production of vaccines,therapeutics,and relevant delivery ***,we discuss the potential of 3D bioprinting technologies for the control of infectious *** also suggest that 3D bioprinting in infectious disease research and drug development could be a significant platform technology for the rapid and automated production of tissue/organ models and medicines in the near future.

关键词： printing prevention introducing

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Selective inhibition of cell growth by activin in SNU-16 cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第19期12卷 3000-3005页

作者： Young Il Kim hee Joo Lee Inkoo Khang Byung-Nam cho Ha Kyu Lee East-West Medical Research Institute Kyung hee University SeoulSouth Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine Kyung hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University SeoulSouth Korea Department of Life Sciences The Catholic University of Korea PuchonSouth Korea

AIM： To investigate whether activin regulates the cell proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line SNU-16 through the mRNA changes in activin receptors, Smads and p21^CIP1/WAF1. METHODS： The human gastric cancer cell lines were cultured, RNAs were purified, and RT-PCRs were carried out with specifically designed primer for each gene. Among them, the two cell lines SNU-5 and SNU-16 were cultured with activin A for 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. For SNU-16, changes in ActRIA, ActRIB, ActRIIA, ActRIIB, Smad2, Smad4, Smad7, and p21^CIP1/WAF1 mRNAs were detected with RT-PCR after the cells were cultured with activin A for 24, 48 and 72 h. RESULTS： The proliferation of SNU-16 cells was down regulated by activin A whereas other cells showed no change. Basal level of inhibin/activin subunits, activin receptors, Smads, and p21^CIP1/WAF1 except for activin βB mRNAs was observed to have differential expression patterns in the human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS, KATO III, SNU-1, SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-484, SNU-601, SNU-638, SNU-668, and SNU-719. Interestingly, significantly higher expressions of ActR IIA and IIB mRNAs were observed in SNU-16 cells when compared to other cells. After activin treatment, ActR IA, IB, and IIA mRNA levels were decreased whereas ActR IIB mRNA level increased in SNU-16 cells. Smad4 mRNA increased for up to 48 h whereas Smad7 mRNA increased sharply at 24 h and returned to the initial level at 48 h in SNU-16 cells. In addition, expression of the p21^CIP1/WAF1 the mitotic inhibitor, peaked at 72 h after activin treatment in SNU-16 cells. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that inhibition of cell growth by activin is regulated by the negative feedback effect of Smad7 on the activin signaling pathway, and is mediated through p21^CIP1/WAF1 activation in SNU-16 cells.

关键词： Human gastric cancer cell lines, Activin A Cell proliferation Activin receptors Smads p21^CIP1/WAF1

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Verification and Correction of Cloud Base and Top Height Retrievals from Ka–band Cloud Radar in Boseong,Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第1期33卷 73-84页

作者： Su-Bin OH Yeon-hee KIM Ki-Hoon KIM Chun-Ho cho Eunha LIM Numerical Data Application Division National Institute of Meteorological Sciences KMA Republic of Korea Applied Meteorology Research Division National Institute of Meteorological Sciences KMA Republic of Korea Observation Research Division National Institute of Meteorological Sciences KMA Republic of Korea National Institute of Meteorological Sciences KMA Republic of Korea

In this study,cloud base height（CBH） and cloud top height（CTH） observed by the Ka-band（33.44 GHz） cloud radar at the Boseong National Center for Intensive Observation of Severe Weather during fall 2013（September-November） were verified and *** comparative verification,CBH and CTH were obtained using a ceilometer（CL51） and the Communication,Ocean and Meteorological Satellite（COMS）.During rainfall,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar were lower than observed by the ceilometer and COMS because of signal attenuation due to raindrops,and this difference increased with rainfall *** dry periods,however,the CBH and CTH observed by the cloud radar,ceilometer,and COMS were *** and low-density clouds were observed more effectively by the cloud radar compared with the ceilometer and *** cases of rainfall or missing cloud radar data,the ceilometer and COMS data were proven effective in correcting or compensating the cloud radar *** corrected cloud data were used to classify cloud types,which revealed that low clouds occurred most frequently.

关键词： cloud radar ceilometer satellite retrieval cloud base height cloud top height cloud type

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Exercise improves the effects of testosterone replacement therapy and the durability of response after cessation of treatment： a pilot randomized controlled trial

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 602-607页

作者： Dae-Yeon cho Jeong Kyun Yeo Seung Ik cho Jae Eun Jung Sang Jin Yang doo Hwan Kong Jeong Ku Ha Jin Goo Kim Min Gu Park Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital Department of Urology Seoul Korea Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Department of Urology Seoul Korea KonKuk University Medical Center Department of Orthopedics Seoul Korea Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Department of Orthopedics Sports Medical Center Seoul Korea

The effects of the combination of exercise and TRT on symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism （LOH） and the durability of response after cessation of TRT were investigated. A total of fifty patients with erectile dysfunction （ED） who had a sedentary lifestyle and low serum total testosterone （T） levels were enrolled and followed for 20 weeks. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; all of them received T gel for 12 weeks and it was discontinued for 8 weeks. Patients assigned to Group II were offered a supervised exercise program for 20 weeks. Measurement of serological testing was performed and self-assessment questionnaires and Global Assessment Question （GAQ） were asked. Baseline characteristics and the initial symptom scores showed no significant difference between the two groups. Serum total T levels and the symptom scores were increased at 12 weeks in both groups, and Group II showed better results with statistical significance. There was a decrease in T levels and worsening of symptom scores at week 20 compared to week 12 in both groups, and Group II showed better results with statistical significance. On the GAQ, Group II showed higher ratio of ＂yes＂ at week 12 and the same tendency was sustained at week 20 with significant difference between two groups. The combination of exercise and TRT showed significant improvements in serum T levels and LOH symptoms compared to TRT alone. In addition, these improvements were maintained in the combination group with continuous exercise, even after cessation of TRT.

关键词： erectile dysfunction exercise hypogonadism testosterone

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Endoscopic ultrasonography does not differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic small gallbladder polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2361-2366页

作者： Young Koog Cheon Won Young cho Tae hee Lee Young Deok cho Jong Ho Moon Joon Seong Lee Chan Sup Shim Institute for Digestive Research and Digestive Disease Center Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine657 Hannam-DongYongsan-KuSeoul 140-743South Korea

AIM： To assess the ability of endoscopic ultrasonography （EUS） to differentiate neoplastic from non- neoplastic polypoid lesions of the gallbladder （PLGs）.METHODS： The uses of EUS and transabdominal ultrasonography （US） were retrospectively analyzed in 94 surgical cases of gallbladder polyps less than 20 mm in ***： The prevalence of neoplastic lesions with a diameter of 5-20 mm was 27.2% （10/58）; 22-15 mm, 25.4% （4/26）, and 16-20 mm, 50% （5/20）. The overall diagnostic accuracies of EUS and US for small PLGs were 80.9% and 63.9% （P 〈 0.05）, respectively. EUS correctly distinguished 12 （63.2%） of 19 neoplastic PLGs but was less accurate for polyps less than 1.0 cm （4/10, 40%） than for polyps greater than 1.0 cm （8/9, 88.9%）（P = 0.02）.CONCLUSION： Although EUS was more accurate than US, its accuracy for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic PLGs less than 1.0 cm was low. Thus, EUS alone is not sufficient for determining a treatment strategy for PLGs of less than 1.0 cm.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasonography Neoplasticlesion Polypoid gallbladder lesion

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Triolein emulsion infusion into the hepatic artery increases vascular permeability to doxorubicin in rabbit liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第2期27卷 152-161页

作者： Yong-Woo Kim Hak Jin Kim Byung Mann cho Seon hee choi Department of Radiology Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and TechnologyPusan National University Yangsan HospitalPusan National University College of MedicineYangsan 50612South Korea Department of Radiology Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalPusan National University College of MedicineBusan 49241South Korea Preventive Medicine and Occupational Medicine Pusan National University School of MedicineYangsan 50612South Korea Department of Radiology Pusan National UniversityBusan 49241South Korea

BACKGROUND The infusion of triolein emulsion(TE)induced increased vascular permeability and a negligible and temporary decrease in liver function without specific histopathological *** To assess changes in doxorubicin concentration according to the percentage of TE infused via a hepatic artery to study the vascular permeability in the rabbit *** Thirty-nine healthy rabbits were divided into five groups according to the concentration of emulsified triolein infused into the hepatic arteries:Group 0,saline infusion(control group,n=5);group 1,0.3%TE(n=13);group 2,0.6%TE(n=6);group 3,0.9%TE(n=8);and group 4,1.5%TE(n=6).Doxorubicin(2.4 mg/kg)was infused immediately after TE injection via the hepatic *** 2 h,the livers were harvested,and doxorubicin concentrations were calculated *** doxorubicin concentrations were compared between TE groups and the control group,and the optimal concentrations within the TE groups were *** analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.P0.05).CONCLUSION TE infusion into the hepatic arteries significantly increased the doxorubicin concentration approximately twofold but was not different between the TE *** findings suggest that TE infusion might be a useful adjuvant treatment of liver cancers.

关键词： Triolein emulsion Liver tumor Chemotherapy Drug delivery Vascular permeability Dexorubicin

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Laboratory characteristics of recent hepatitis A in Korea:Ongoing epidemiological shift

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1115-1118页

作者： hee Won Moon Jin hee cho Mina Hur Yeo-Min Yun Won Hyeok choe So Young Kwon Chang Hong Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine Konkuk University School of MedicineKonkuk University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Konkuk University School of MedicineKonkuk University Medical Center

AIM:To evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody and investigate demographic,clinical,and laboratory features of recent cases in ***:For the evaluation of hepatitis A seroprevalence,we analyzed the data from 3127 subjects including,healthcare workers and patients who visited Konkuk University Hospital,a secondary referral center,from January to October *** sera with positive IgM were excluded from seroprevalence data for total HAV *** retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 419 patients with HAV,who were diagnosed by the presence of serum IgM antibodies against *** patients presented at Konkuk University Hospital between August 2005 and September ***:Among 3127 sera tested,1428 (45.7%)were positive for anti-HAV *** seroprevalence was very low in teenagers or those in their twenties,increased in those in their thirties,and was > 90% in older *** children younger than 10 years,seroprevalence was increased *** patients with HAV hepatitis were in their twenties and *** γ-glutamyl transpeptidase increased with age and was significantly higher in patients older than 30 *** of severity,such as decreased albumin and increased bilirubin,were also more prominent in the older age group;however,the leukocyte count was higher and the frequency of leukopenia was lower in younger patients than in older ***:There has been an apparent epidemiological shift in HAV seroprevalence and a change in the peak age of HAV *** study could provide baseline data of recent hepatitis A in Asia.

关键词： Hepatitis A virus Seroprevalence Epidemiology Korea

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