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LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob m.Ewing donna E.Davies mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EmT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EmT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and mRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EmT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EmT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

Crustal magnetization of mars: Terra meridiani and Terra Sirenum

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Journal of modern Physics 2017年第8期8卷 1275-1293页

作者： Renee A. French donna m. jurdy Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

We examine the crustal magnetization of Terra meridiani and Terra Sirenum, the region representing the strongest magnetization in the Southern Hemisphere, by downward continuing mapping level data (400 km altitude) from the mars Global Surveyor (mGS) magnetometer and Electron Reflectometer (mAG/ER). We find that the surface magnetization in both regions can be fit with a small number of sources, with the positive sources stronger than negative ones in both regions. The ratio of the strongest positive to strongest negative source for the regions matches within 2%. For both regions, the locations of strong sources are positioned at the outer rings of ancient impact features. We employ two approaches of source depth estimation. One method employs downward continuation of positive and negative sources from mapping level into the subsurface to extrapolate the depth to magnetization. With this approach, source depths generally range from 80 ±20 km in Terra meridiani and 65 ±25 km in Terra Sirenum. A graphical approach uses the contour map of surface magnetization to estimate depths ranging from 125 km for thick sources in Terra meridiani and from 82 km for thick sources in Terra Sirenum. These depths require a low (≤∼20 mW/m2) martian heat flux to permit magnetite, hematite, and/or pyrrhotite (although limited) as carriers through 100 km or more. The upcoming InSight mission will provide invaluable seismic constraints on both crustal and core structure, in addition to the first martian heat flow measurements that will constrain magnetization.

关键词： mars Crustal magnetization magnetization Depth InSight mission Geophysics

Thiopurine use associated with reduced B and natural killer cells in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3240-3251页

作者： James D Lord donna m Shows Translational Research Program Benaroya Research Institute Gastroenterology Division Virginia Mason Medical Center

To identify which blood and mucosal lymphocyte populations are specifically depleted by thiopurine use in *** thiopurines azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have been a mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy for decades, but their mechanism of action in vivo remains obscure. Although thiopurines are lymphotoxic at high doses, and have been reported to cause T cell apoptosis in vitro, their ability to control IBD at lower doses suggests that they may selectively deplete particular lymphocyte populations. Blood cells from 19 IBD patients on a thiopurine, 19 IBD patients not on a thiopurine, and 38 matched healthy control subjects were analyzed by multiple multi-color flow cytometry panels to quantify the immune cell subsets contained therein, both as a percent of cells, and as an absolute cell count. Similar analyses were performed on colon biopsies from 17 IBD patients on a thiopurine, 17 IBD patients not on a thiopurine, and 49 healthy screening colonoscopy *** blood counts revealed lower lymphocyte, but not monocyte or granulocyte, counts in IBD patients who were taking thiopurines at the time of sampling. This reduction was restricted to CD3-negative lymphocytes, wherein both natural killer (NK) and B cells were significantly reduced among thiopurine recipients. Among CD19+ B cells, the transitional B cells were particularly depleted, being nearly absent in both blood and colon biopsies of thiopurine recipients. No differences were associated with thiopurine use in CD8+ T cells, mucosa-associated invariant T (mAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, gamma/delta T cells, Th1, Th17, regulatory T cells (Tregs) or naïve CD4+ T cells. However, patients with IBD had significantly more circulating FOXP3+, Helios+ Tregs and fewer iNKT and mAIT cells than healthy *** use is associated with reduced B and NK cell, but not T cell, subpopulations in the blood of IBD patients.

关键词： Thiopurine Azathioprine mercaptopurine Lymphocyte Natural killer cell Transitional B cell Inflammatory bowel disease

High energy femtosecond mid-infrared generation pumped by a two-color Ti:sapphire multipass amplifier

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 664-670页

作者： donna T. Strickland Department of Physics Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Intense mid-infrared was generated by direct frequency mixing two pulses from a dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire system. From a multipass amplifier we generated two tunable wavelength femtosecond pulses with a total energy of 15 mJ. Pulse energy of 1.6 μJ and 7.4 μJ of mid-infrared light is achieved with and without its multipass amplifier at 9-11 μm, with pulse duration of 500 fs.

关键词：兰宝石激光器红外激光远红外激光超速激光激光放大器

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A journey towards shared governance: status and prospects for collaborative management in the protected areas of Bangladesh

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 599-605,602-605页

作者： A. Z. m. manzoor Rashid donna Craig Sharif Ahmed mukul Niaz Ahmed Khan Environmental Law School of Law University of Western SydneyAustralia Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet Bangladesh School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia Department of Development Studies University of DhakaBangladesh

Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions：（1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CmC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.

关键词： protected area co-management Nishorgo IPAC govern-ance

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Histone Acetylation, VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3, FLOWERING LOCUS C, and the Vernalization Response

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molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 724-737页

作者： donna m. Bond Elizabeth S. Dennis Barry J. Pogson E. Jean Finnegan CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia

The quantitative induction of VIN3 by low temperatures is required for PRC2 repression of FLC and promotion of flowering （vernalization） in Arabidopsis. Histone acetylation, a chromatin modification commonly associated with gene transcription, increased on VIN3 chromatin in two spatially and temporally distinct phases in response to low temperatures. During short-term cold exposure, histone H3 acetylation at the transcription start site rapidly increased, implying that it is required for VlN3 induction. Subsequent changes in histone H3 and H4 acetylation occurred following continued VIN3 transcription during prolonged cold exposure. members of the SAGA-like transcriptional adaptor complex, including the histone acetyltransferase GCNS, which induces expression of the cold acclimation pathway genes, do not regulate VlN3 induction during cold exposure, indicating that the cold acclimation pathway and the cold-induction of VlN3 are regulated by different transcriptional mechanisms. mutations in the other 11 histone acetyltransferase genes did not affect VlN3 induction. However, nicotinamide, a histone deacetyiase inhibitor, induced VIN3 and altered histone acetylation at the VIN3 locus. VIN3 induction was proportional to the length of nicotinamide treatment, which was associated with an early-flowering phenotype and repression of FLC. However, unlike vernalization, the repression of FLC was independent of VIN3 activity. Nicotinamide treatment did not cause a change in the expression of any genes in the autonomous pathway or members of the PRC2 complex, the well characterized repressors of FLC. Our data suggest that FLC is repressed via a novel pathway involving the SIR2 class of histone deacetylases.

关键词： Cold acclimation histone acetyltransferase histone deacetylase SIR2 nicotinamide.

Forest protected area governance in Bangladesh:a focus on the legal and policy framework

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第4期11卷 345-351页

作者： A.Z.m.manzoor Rashid donna Craig michael I.Jeffery Niaz Ahmed Khan Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Environmental Law School of LawUniversity of Western Sydney Department of Development Studies University of Dhaka

In the context of renewed interest in collaboration in natural resource management,the collaborative governance approach has lately been introduced to the forest Protected Areas(PAs)in *** adoption of this co-management approach is seen as an attempt to influence the governance process towards a transformation from the conventional custodian system to a more participatory management *** of rights and responsibilities,effective participation,and equitable distribution of benefits amongst the key stakeholders working under a facilitative policy and legal framework are believed to address the broader goals of sustainable development Notwithstanding the resurgence of interest in governance of forest PAs through the co-management approach,academic research on the subject remains *** article attempts to review selected key information and milestones on the forest PAs governance with special reference to the major policies and legal *** a brief introductory section,this article focuses on the genesis and selected major features of the Forest PAs in the *** discussion then dwells on the policy and legal framework and provides a critique on its relevance for promoting community *** existing institutional arrangements for community engagement in protected area governance are also analyzed in light of the national and international commitment and policy obligations on the part of the *** salient observations and key findings of the study include the following:(1)despite its limitations,comanagement as concept and practice has gradually taken roots in Bangladesh;(2)the degree and level of active community participation remain low and limited,and there is also clear weakness in conscientizing and orientating the local community on the key legal and policy issues related to PA governance in the country;and(3)policy makers,practitioners,and other local stakeholders related to PA governance need to be orien

关键词： governance protected areas participation community decision-making organizations

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mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests： Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Zhong-Xian Lu Ping-Yang Zhu Geoff m. Gurr Xu-Song Zheng donna m. Y. Read Kong-Luen Heong Ya-Jun Yang Hong-Xing Xu State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Stuff University Orange NSW Australia College of Chemistry and Life Science Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang Province China and Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute Los Banos Metro Manila Philippines

Reduction of noncrop habitats, intensive use of pesticides and high levels of disturbance associated with intensive crop production simplify the farming landscape and bring about a sharp decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, weakens the biological control ecosystem service provided by arthropod natural enemies. Strategic use of flowering plants to enhance plant biodiversity in a well-targeted manner can provide natural enemies with food sources and shelter to improve biological control and reduce dependence on chemical pesticides. This article reviews the nutritional value of various types of plant-derived food for natural enemies, possible adverse effects on pest management, and the practical application of flowering plants in orchards, vegetables and field crops, agricultural systems where most research has taken place. Prospects for more effective use of flowering plants to maximize biological control of insect pests in agroecosystem are good but depend up on selection of optimal plant species based on information on the ecological mechanisms by which natural enemies are selectively favored over pest species.

关键词： conservation biological control ecological engineering habitat nectar,nutrition pollen shelter

Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and behavioral syndromes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： Colin m. WRIGHT Trevor D. HYLAND Amanda S. IZZO donna R.mCDERmOTT Elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

关键词： behavioral syndromes personality social insects temperament wasps.