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Record-high heat transfer performance of spray cooling on 3D-printed hierarchical micro/nano-structured surface

Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 223-231页

作者： Yongyan Hu Yifan lei Xiuliang Liu Ronggui Yang School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Managing high-flux waste heat with controllable device working temperature is becoming challenging and critical for the artificial intelligence,communications,electric vehicles,defense and aerospace *** cooling,which combines forced convection with phase-change latent heat of working fluids,is promising for high flux heat *** of the previous studies on spray cooling enhancement adopted high spray flow rates to strengthen forced convection for high critical heat flux(CHF),leading to a low heat transfer coefficient(HTC).Micro/nanostructured surfaces can enhance boiling,but bubbles inside the structures tend to form a vapor blanket,which can deteriorate heat *** work demonstrates simultaneous enhancement of CHF and HTC in spray cooling by improving both evaporation and liquid film boiling on three-dimensional(3D)ordered hierarchical micro/nano-structured *** hierarchical micro/nano-structured surface is designed to coordinate the transport of spray droplets,capillary liquid films,and boiling bubbles to enhance spray cooling *** inversion where superheat decreases with increasing heat flux is observed,leading to an ultra-high HTC due to the simultaneous promotion of bubble nucleation and *** CHF is obtained by overcoming the liquid–vapor counterflow,i.e.,synergistically facilitating bubble escape and liquid permeation.A record-breaking heat transfer performance of spray cooling is achieved with a maximum heat flux of1273 W/cm^(2)and an HTC of 443.7 kW/(m^(2)K)over a 1 cm^(2)heating area.?2024 Science China *** by Elsevier *** Science China *** rights are reserved,including those for text and data mining,AI training,and similar technologies.

关键词： Spray cooling Liquid film boiling Liquid film evaporation Hierarchical structure Thermal management

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Design Considerations on Voltage and Current Transfer Ratio of High-Frequency Transformers

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2025年第1期11卷 447-457页

作者： Chen Liu lei Qi Xiang Cui China Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute Beijing100120China State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System Renewable Energy Sources(North China Electric Power University)Beijing102206China

A high frequency(HF)transformer is key equipment for dc-dc converter to achieve galvanic isolation and voltage *** operating frequency increases,voltage and current transfer ratio of HF transformer may significantly deviate from the turn ratio due to parasitic effects,failing to transfer expected voltage and current from the primary side to the secondary *** this paper,design considerations on voltage and current transfer ratio of the HF transformer are investigated to obtain expected transfer *** revealing parasitic effects on transfer characteristic(TC)of the HF transformer with load,deviation between voltage/current transfer ratio and turn ratio is correlated with the ratio of voltage/current TC resonant frequency and operating ***,constraints for parasitic parameters to obtain expected transfer ratio are proposed,and practical measures to achieve improvements in transformer design are discussed.A 20kHz HF transformer prototype is used as an application,by which evaluations on deviation of voltage/current transfer ratio and turn ratio are verified,and voltage/current transfer performance of the prototype are effectively improved by optimal design based on the proposed principles.

关键词： Capacitance transfer functions transformers

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Random Coefficient-Moving Product Based Wireless Key Generation

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China Communications 2025年第2期22卷 199-212页

作者： Lu Xinjin lei Jing Li Wei College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System Luoyang 471003China China South Industries Group Corporation Zhi Yuan Institute310012China

The physical layer key generation technique provides an efficient method,which utilizes the natural dynamics of wireless ***,there are some extremely challenging security scenarios such as static or quasi-static environment,which lead to the low randomness of generated ***,the coefficients of the static channel may be dropped into the guard space and discarded by the quantization approach,which causes low key generation *** tackle these issues,we propose a random coefficient-moving product based wireless key generation scheme(RCMP-WKG),where new random resources with remarkable fluctuations can be obtained by applying random coefficient and by moving product on the legitimate ***,appropriate quantization approaches are used to increase the key generation ***,the security of our proposed scheme is evaluated by analyzing different attacks and the eavesdropper’s mean square error(MSE).The simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can achieve better performances in key capacity,key inconsistency rate(KIR)and key generation rate(KGR)compared with the prior works in static ***,the proposed scheme can deteriorate the MSE performance of the eavesdropper and improve the key generation performance of legitimate nodes by controlling the length of the moving product.

关键词： moving product random coefficient static environment wireless key generation

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Study and application of the influence of inclination angle on the cross-fusion mechanism of high gas thick coal seam

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第1期35卷 69-85页

作者： Pengxiang Zhao Zechen Chang Shugang Li Risheng Zhuo Yongyong Jia Qiudong Shao Wen lei College of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Western Mining Gas Intelligent Extraction Engineering Research Centre Xi’an 710054China Xinjiang Coal and Coalbed Methane Engineering Technology Research Centre Urumqi 830091China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Intelligent Prevention and Emergency Response Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Coal Science Research Institute Urumqi 830091China Xinjiang Changji Heze Tengda Mining Co. Ltd.Changji 831100China

In this study,to better decide the effect of coal seam dip angle upon the dynamic change of the crossfusion in gas transport and storage areas during the progress of working face in the high gas thick coal seam,a two-dimensional physical simulation experiment regarded as the theoretical research was conducted to properly explore the variation law of overburden *** results demonstrated that the boundary of the gas transport zone was located in the region of fracture *** boundary of the gas storage area was located in the abrupt penetration ***,according to the information theory,the state of the gas transport and storage areas was determined by the changing trend of the fracture rate and fracture *** mathematical representation model of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was *** criteria upon which the regional location of the gas transport area and gas storage area can be based were put *** cross-fusion evolution process of the dip effect in gas transport and storage areas was revealed as *** research results could provide guidance for realising directional and accurate gas extraction.

关键词： Coal seam dip angle Cross fusion High gas thick coal seam Overburden fracture Gas transport and storage areas

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A New Adaptive Prediction Algorithm for Judicial Sentencing with Empirical Studies

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2025年第01期 3-20页

作者： DAI Ruifen WANG Fang GUO lei Data Science Institute Shandong University Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the development and applications of the Smart Court System(SCS) in China, the reliability and accuracy of legal artificial intelligence have become focal points in recent years. Notably,criminal sentencing prediction, a significant component of the SCS, has also garnered widespread attention. According to the Chinese criminal law, actual sentencing data exhibits a saturated property due to statutory penalty ranges, but this mechanism has been ignored by most existing studies. Given this, the authors propose a sentencing prediction model that combines judicial sentencing mechanisms including saturated outputs and floating boundaries with neural networks. Building on the saturated structure of our model, a more effective adaptive prediction algorithm will be constructed based on the fusion of several key ideas and techniques that include the utilization of the L1 loss together with the corresponding gradient update strategy, a data pre-processing method based on large language model to extract semantically complex sentencing elements using prior legal knowledge, the choice of appropriate initial conditions for the learning algorithm and the construction of a double-hidden-layer network structure. An empirical study on the crime of disguising or concealing proceeds of crime demonstrates that our method can achieve superior sentencing prediction accuracy and significantly outperform common baseline methods.

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A comparative study on the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in cloud droplets and aerosol particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 456-464页

作者： Guohua Zhang TaoWang Qinhao Lin Kun Liu Wei Sun Duohong Chen lei Li Xinming Wang Xinhui Bi State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryCASGuangzhou 510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring Guangdong Environmental Monitoring CenterGuangzhou 510308China Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds(NOCs)may potentially contribute to aqueous secondary organic aerosols,yet the different formation of NOCs in aerosol particles and cloud droplets remains *** the in-situ measurements performed at a mountain site(1690 m a.s.l.)in southern China,we investigated the formation of NOCs in the cloud droplets and the cloud-free particles,based on their mixing state information of NOCscontaining particles by single particle mass *** relative abundance of NOCs in the cloud-free particles was significantly higher than those in cloud residual(cloud RES)*** were highly correlated with carbonyl compounds(including glyoxalate and methylglyoxal)in the cloud-free particles,however,limited correlation was observed for cloud RES *** of their mixing state and temporal variations highlights that NOCs was mainly formed from the carbonyl compounds and ammonium in the cloud-free particles,rather than in the cloud RES *** results support that the formation of NOCs from carbonyl compounds is facilitated in concentrated solutions in wet aerosols,rather than cloud *** addition,we have identified the transport of biomass burning particles that facilitate the formation of NOCs,and that the observed NOCs is most likely contributed to the light *** findings have implications for the evaluation of NOCs formation and their contribution to light absorption.

关键词： Nitrogen-containing organic compounds Individual particles Cloud Carbonyl compounds Mixing state

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Sunlight-induced Permanent Hair Dyeing

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2025年第2期43卷 261-270页

作者： Ting Zhang Bo Liang Jian-Hua Zhang lei Yang Jun-Fei Hua Yi-Wen Li College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratoryof Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 60065China Schoolof Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002China School of Emergent Soft Matter South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

Hair coloring has emerged as an integral part of the cosmetic industry,particularly in response to the increasing global aging *** natural melanin analog,polydopamine(PDA),has garnered considerable attention as an eco-friendly hair dye,and several kinds of polymerization ways of dopamine(DA)have been proposed including alkali catalysis,metal ion catalysis,strong oxidants,and enzyme-mediated oxidation reactions and *** the controllability of polymerization and potential toxicity of involved metal ions are still in *** by the photoprotective mechanism in human skin,we have developed the melanin-inspired hair dyeing strategy that allowed for the in situ oxidative polymerization of DA under ultraviolet(UV)*** polymerization was triggered by photobase generators(PBGs),a class of compounds that produced organic bases upon UV and sunlight *** resulting hair showed an adjustable color from light brown to black by tuning the ratio of DA and PBG(DA@PBG),the concentration of DA,and light exposure *** dyed hairs showed excellent washing resistance and superior anti-static ***,Hair Color Spray DA@PBG also demonstrated a desirable hair dyeing effect and excellent biosecurity by simply spraying it on the hair under *** novel sunlight-induced method provided a new direction towards the preparation of natural hair dyes and could promote the development of green and safe hair dyes in colorful and brilliant artistic-grade hair coloring.

关键词： Polydopamine Melanin Polymerization Hair dye Photo-initiation

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Recent progress on artificial intelligence-enhanced multimodal sensors integrated devices and systems

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 179-192页

作者： Haihua Wang Mingjian Zhou Xiaolong Jia Hualong Wei Zhenjie Hu Wei Li Qiumeng Chen lei Wang College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Nantong Institute of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nantong 226021China

Multimodal sensor fusion can make full use of the advantages of various sensors,make up for the shortcomings of a single sensor,achieve information verification or information security through information redundancy,and improve the reliability and safety of the *** intelligence(AI),referring to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans,represents a pivotal frontier in modern scientific *** the continuous development and promotion of AI technology in Sensor 4.0 age,multimodal sensor fusion is becoming more and more intelligent and automated,and is expected to go further in the *** this context,this review article takes a comprehensive look at the recent progress on AI-enhanced multimodal sensors and their integrated devices and *** on the concept and principle of sensor technologies and AI algorithms,the theoretical underpinnings,technological breakthroughs,and pragmatic applications of AI-enhanced multimodal sensors in various fields such as robotics,healthcare,and environmental monitoring are *** a comparative study of the dual/tri-modal sensors with and without using AI technologies(especially machine learning and deep learning),AI-enhanced multimodal sensors highlight the potential of AI to improve sensor performance,data processing,and decision-making ***,the review analyzes the challenges and opportunities afforded by AI-enhanced multimodal sensors,and offers a prospective outlook on the forthcoming advancements.

关键词： sensor multimodal sensors machine learning deep learning intelligent system

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Mesozoic multi-direction collision tectonic evolution of the Ordos Basin, China: Insights from the detrital zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He analyses

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China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 141-158页

作者： Yin Chen Jian-guo Li Lu-lu Chen Hua-lei Zhao Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey Tianjin 300170China Key Laboratory of Uranium Geology China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources China Geological SurveyLangfang 065201China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China

The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic *** tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is significant to understand the tectonic transformation of the northern margin of the *** this work,the detrital zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He chronological system were analyzed in the northern part of the OB,and have provided new evidence for the regional tectonic ***(U-Th)/He chronological data states the weighted ages of 240‒235 Ma,141 Ma with the peak distribution of 244 Ma,219 Ma,173 Ma,147‒132 *** thermal evolution,geochronological data,and regional unconformities have proved four stages of regional tectonic evolution for the OB and its surroundings in the Mesozoic:(1)The Late Permian-Early Triassic;(2)the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic;(3)the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous;(4)the Late Cretaceous-Early *** is indicated that the multi-directional convergence from the surrounding tectonic units has controlled the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the ***-stage tectonic evolution reflected the activation or end of different plate movements and provided new time constraints for the regional tectonic evolution of the NCC in the Mesozoic.

关键词： Zircon and Apatite(U-Th)/He Tectonic evolution Geochronology Four stages of regional tectonic Ordos Basin Oil-gas-bearing basin Multi-direction collision Oil-gas exploration engineering Mesozoic North China Craton

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Boosting hydrocarbon conversion via Cu-doping induced oxygen vacancies on CeO_(2) in CO_(2)electroreduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 66-76页

作者： lei Xue Tong Shi Chenhui Han Heng Zhang Fenrong Liu Haorun Li Yan Wang Xiaojun Gu Shanghong Zeng Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021Inner MongoliaChina State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina Institute of Catalysis Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina National Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Research and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030Inner MongoliaChina

Conversion of CO_(2)back to hydrocarbons is the most direct way of closing the“carbon cycle”,and its significance is further enlarged if this process is driven by renewable energies such as ***,precisely controlling the product selectivity towards hydrocarbons against the competitive hydrogen evolution remains challenging,especially for Cu-based ***,we report a novel defect engineering strategy,by which Cu-doping-induced oxygen vacancies on CeO_(2)nanorods were effectively created,with adjustable vacancy/Cu *** resulting optimum catalyst shows up to 79%catalytic current density to hydrocarbons(excluding CO),with 49%faradaic efficiency to *** and density functional theory unveil that the ratio between oxygen vacancy and Cu affects significantly the formation of*CHO and activation of H2O,which leads to the following deep hydrogenation to *** findings may spur new insights for designing and developing more controllable chemical process relevant to CO_(2)utilization.

关键词： Cu/CeO_(2)-x Oxygen vacancy Hydrocarbon production Reaction mechanism

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