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Earliest hand-and footprint art indicates that Denisovans may have occupied the interior of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau since 200 thousand years ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 769-772页

作者： Fahu CHEN Huan XIA Zhenxiu JIA dongju zhang Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Beijing 100101China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

As a result of rapid uplift since the late Cenozoic, the Tibetan Plateau eventually developed an enormous area(3.08 million km^(2)) and became the highest elevation plateau on Earth. The cold and hypoxic environments of the Tibetan Plateau,combined with the strong solar radiation receipt and lack of biological resources, present a major challenge to the occupation and expansion of humans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau interior

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Key role of aπ–πcomplex in diaryl cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using photosensitizer-free gold/photoredox catalysis

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 147-155页

作者： Yanhong Liu Rongxiu Zhu Chengbu Liu dongju zhang Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of EducationInstitute of Theoretical ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100P.R.China

DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed to better understand the photosensitizer-free visible-lightmediated Au-catalyzed cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic ***π–πtype complex between the aryldiazonium salt and the arylboronic acid,rather than either the generally accepted gold(I)–aryldiazonium salt complex or the aryldiazonium salt itself,was shown to play the role of a virtual *** oxidation of Au(I)to Au(III),the key aspect of the dual gold/photoredox catalytic aryl–aryl cross-coupling,occurs via the radical addition of an aryl radical rather than an aryldiazo radical on Au(II)*** transmetalation of the arylboronic acid to Au(III)species was identified as the rate-determining step,and the presence of a tetrafluoroborate anion can assist this process *** experimentally observed effect of substituents on the aryldiazonium salt and boronic acid on the reactivity was also rationalized.

关键词： boron coupling salts

Multiple evidences indicate no relationship between prehistoric disasters in Lajia site and outburst flood in upper Yellow River valley, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第4期61卷 441-449页

作者： DONG GuangHui zhang FanYu LIU FengWen zhang dongju ZHOU AiFeng YANG YiShi WANG GongHui MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou University Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China (Ministry of Education) Department of Geological EngineeringLanzhou University Research Center on Landslides Disaster Prevention Research InstituteKyoto University

All around the world, ancient legends exist about the Great Flood, and the influence of the Great Flood in human evolutionary history is a hotly debated topic. In China, the legend of the prehistoric Great Flood and Yu the Great's flood control has a long history and is considered to be closely linked to the establishment of the Xia Dynasty. However, there is a lack of solid scientific evidence. Against this issue, some scholars have proposed that an earthquake around 1920 BCE in the Guanting Basin along the upper reaches of the Yellow River led to the creation of a lake by damming in the Jishi Gorge and that the outburst of water from that lake led to the massive flood in the Yellow River region. These studies provided new scientific evidence for the Chinese legend. In this paper, we date skeletal samples embedded in earthquake sand blasting from the Lajia site, analyze remains from natural disasters(such as earthquakes and floods) and also archaeological remains. In addition, we compared the skeletal samples dating with that of sediments from the dammed-up lake. Our results are inconsistent with those of previous scholars. The earthquake at the Lajia site occurred no earlier than 1800 BCE, and the dammed-up lake in Jishi Gorge had disappeared by 3600 BCE. Thus, the formation and outburst of the dammed lake, the sudden death of ancient humans at the Lajia site and the ancient earthquake were independent events occurring at different times. In addition, the massive flood in the upper reaches of the Yellow River did not actually happen. Thus, we argue against and invalidate the hypothesis that the massive flood was related to Yu the Great's flood control and the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.

关键词： Guanting Basin Qijia culture Lajia site Earthquake Outburst flood The establishment of the Xia dynasty

Theoretical study of NO adsorption on gold surfaces

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第1期54卷 194-199页

作者： WANG YingYing zhang dongju LIU ChengBu Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

The activities of neutral, anionic, and cationic Au（111）, Au（100）, surface towards NO adsorption have been studied by performing and Au（310） surfaces, as well as an Au adatom on Au（111） density functional theory calculations. It was found that the activity of gold increases as the coordination number of the gold atoms decreases, and that the cationic surfaces are generally more active than the neutral and anionic surfaces. The activity of Au surfaces towards NO adsorption is attributable to the presence of low coordinated gold atoms and the concentration of positive charges on the surface. The results may enrich the understanding of NO adsorption on Au surfaces.

关键词： gold surfaces NO adsorption density functional theory

Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第3期63卷 395-404页

作者： Jian WANG Huan XIA Juanting YAO Xuke SHEN Ting CHENG Qianqian WANG dongju zhang Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007China

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude *** to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable *** sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of *** 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last *** analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single *** comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan *** subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Last Deglacial 151 site Hunter-gatherers Taphonomy Zooarchaeology Subsistence strategy

A study of the construction times of the ancient cities in Ganjia Basin,Gansu Province,China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1467-1480页

作者： XIA Huan zhang dongju WANG Qiang WU Duo DUAN Yanwu CHEN Fahu Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences CASBeijing 100101China

The Ganjia Basin in Xiahe County,Gansu Province,China,is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan *** area lies in the transitional zone between the Plateau ethnic groups dominated by ancestral Tibetans,and the Central Plains dynasties dominated by ancestral Han in *** Ganjia Basin is therefore well suited to studying the history of the intermixing of the Han and Tibetan *** this study,we collected samples of organic materials from two ancient cities,Bajiaocheng(BJC) and Sirougucheng(SRGC),in the Ganjia Basin,which were used for radiocarbon *** aims were to determine the construction times and function of the cities,based on the radiocarbon ages,Bayesian age modeling,and the analysis of relevant historical *** results are used to discuss the role of the Ganjia Basin in the conflicts between and the integration of the two ethnic groups during the historical *** conclude that BJC was established during 663–732 CE(Common Era);its early occupation history can be divided into an initial establishment phase(670–780 CE) and a phase of regeneration(880–1030 CE).SRGC was probably built at the time of the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties(~1271 CE).Combining the dating results with an analysis of the architectural styles and historical records,we conclude that BJC was originally built by the Tubo Kingdom as a military stronghold,and its major functions were military,economic and religious,and to support the major eastward expansion of the *** was most likely a temple-focused city intended to promote Tibetan Buddhism which was a major political and religious leadership for the Tibetans at that time,reflecting changes in the status of different religions in the Ganjia *** addition,the intermixing and blending of the Han and Tibetan groups,reflected by the human activities in the Ganjia Basin,was an important demographic and cultural foundation for the formation of the culturally-diverse but spiritually-u

关键词： Ganjia Basin radiocarbon dating Bajiaocheng Sirougucheng ethnic amalgamation Tubo

History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1765-1778页

作者： zhang dongju DONG GuangHui WANG Hui REN XiaoYan HA PiPu'u QIANG MingRui CHEN FaHui Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education College of Earth Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Lanzhou 730000 China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007 China Cultural Relic Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000 China

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Prehistoric archaeology Human migration Driving mechanisms

Reliability of radiocarbon dating on various fractions of loess-soil sequence for Dadiwan section in the western Chinese Loess Plateau

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第4期8卷 540-546页

作者： Zongli WANG Hui ZHAO Guanghui DONG Aifeng ZHOU Jianbao LIU dongju zhang MOE Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The accurate radiocarbon dating of loess-soil sequences plays an essential role in the reconstruction of the environmental and climatic changes in continental settings during the last glaciation and Holocene. However, our knowledge about the reliability of radiocarbon ages of various fractions of soil and loess samples is still insufficient. Here, we present our study results on radio- carbon ages based on bulk organic matter, humin fraction, and carbonate of samples collected from a loess-paleosol section in the western Chinese Loess Plateau. We compare these observations with the optically stimulated luminescence ages and charcoal radiocarbon ages to evaluate the reliability of these fractions. We observed that the radio- carbon ages of humin fraction are very close to those of charcoal and are consistent with the optically stimulated luminescence ages within the experimental errors. We observed a significant deviation in the radiocarbon ages of carbonate and bulk organic matter from those of charcoal and optically stimulated luminescence ages, likely due to the dilution of these fractions during the pedogenetic process. Our results reveal that, except for charcoal, the humin fraction may yield reliable laC ages for the Chinese loess-soil sequence.

关键词： loess-soil sequence humin fraction charcoal,organic matter radiocarbon dating

The evolution of prehistoric arrowheads in northern China and its influential factors

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2109-2124页

作者： Juanting YAO Huan XIA Ting LI Dongpeng LIN Yuanxin LI Xuke SHEN Jian WANG dongju zhang Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Prehistoric projectile weapons are crucial for understanding the hunting behavior,survival strategies,and subsistence patterns of prehistoric *** were the primary prehistoric projectile weapon,and here we review the spatiotemporal distribution and changes in the morphology,quantity,and materials composition of arrowheads in the northern regions of China from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods to the Bronze Age,together with the factors that influenced these *** results reveal that primitive stone arrowheads appeared sporadically in the Middle Paleolithic ***,the“broad spectrum revolution”and microblade technology during the Upper Paleolithic promoted the regional-scale diffusion of broad and thick stone arrowheads in northern *** the Neolithic period,relatively narrow and thin stone and bone arrowheads spread rapidly across the entire Yellow River Basin and most of northeastern *** dominance of these two types of arrowheads alternated,during the period of 7000–5000 yr BP,the number of arrowheads peaked,possibly closely related to changes in the role of hunting(fishing and hunting)and gathering in the subsistence economy,human population size,and the emergence and development of a grinding *** the Bronze Age,a significant number of bronze arrowheads appeared,and the total number of arrowheads increased again,and their distribution expanded to northwestern *** emergence of a bronze smelting technology and inter-group conflicts may have been the primary factors influencing this *** results demonstrate that arrowheads were always an essential component of prehistoric tool *** to technological developments in subsistence strategies,the morphology,function,and popularity of arrowheads underwent substantial changes during different ***,a comprehensive study of prehistoric arrowheads can help better understand the subsistence patterns and processes of economic and societa

关键词： Northern China Prehistoric arrowheads Spatio-temporal distribution Morphology changes Subsistence patterns

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