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The role of glacial gravel in community development of vascular plants on the glacier forelands of the Third Pole

Journal of Arid Land 2022年第9期14卷 1022-1037页

作者： WEI Tianfeng shangguan donghui TANG Xianglong QIN Yu School of Architecture and Urban Planning Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences and Higher Education Commission PakistanIslamabad 45320Pakistan

On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and *** regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains *** this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in *** then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular *** indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus *** shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional *** family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier *** relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan *** gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession *** findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well

关键词： vascular plants fractional vegetation cover glacial gravel glacier foreland unmanned aerial vehicle Pamir Plateau Tianshan Mountains

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Climate-driven acceleration of glacier mass loss on global and regional scales during 1961–2016

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 589-599页

作者： Yaojun LI Yongjian DING donghui shangguan Fengjing LIU Qiudong ZHAO Slate Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China-Pakislan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science.Michigan Technological University Houghton M149931USA

During the past decades, glacier mass loss is becoming increasingly significant worldwide but knowledge about the acceleration is still limited despite its potentially profound impacts on sea level rise, water resources availability and glacial hazards. In this study, we analyzed the acceleration of glacier mass loss based on in-situ measurements and on the latest compilation dataset of direct and geodetic observations for the period 1961–2016. The results showed that the rate of glacier mass loss has increased worldwide during the past decades. At the global scale, the rate of glacier mass loss has been accelerating at 5.76±1.35 Gt a-2 as well as 0.0074±0.0016 m w.e.a-2 on mass balance(refer to the area-averaged mass change value) during the whole period. At regional scales, for mass change rate, the heavily glacierized regions excluding Antarctic and Subantarctic exhibited a larger acceleration compared to other regions. The highest acceleration of mass change was found in Alaska glaciers(1.33±0.47 Gt a-2) over the full period. As for mass balance, high acceleration occurred on the regions with small glaciers as well as on the heavily glacierized regions. Central Europe exhibited the highest acceleration(0.024±0.0088 m w.e.a-2) during 1961–2016. High level of consistency between the acceleration and temperature implies that climate warming had a significant effect on the accelerating of glacier mass loss. Moreover, acceleration of the contribution from the Greenland ice sheet(0.028 to0.070 mm a-2) and Antarctic ice sheet(0.023 to 0.058 mm a-2) to sea level rise exceeds acceleration of the contribution from global glaciers(0.019±0.013 mm a-2). These results will improve our understanding of the glacier retreat in response to climate change and provide critical information for improving mitigation strategies for impacts that may be caused by glacier melting.

关键词： Glaciers Mass loss Acceleration Climate warming

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Thinning and Shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 Glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 343-350页

作者： ZHANG Yingsong LIU Shiyin shangguan donghui LI Jing ZHAO Jingdong State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteLanzhou 730000China

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.

关键词： Glacier RTK-GPS Volume loss QilianMountain

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Identification of Ice Elevation Change of the Shuiguan River No.4 Glacier in the Qilian Mountains,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 375-379页

作者： LI Jing LIU Shiyin shangguan donghui ZHANG Yinsong State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many *** Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in *** study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 *** ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in *** differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was *** mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 *** the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007.

关键词： GPS RTK DEM Glacier mass balance Mountane runoff

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The Glacier Area Changes in the Qangtang Plateau Based on the Multi-temporal Grid Method and its Sensitivity to Climate Change

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 882-893页

作者： WANG Liping XIE Zichu WANG Xin LIU Shiyin DING Liangfu shangguan donghui The College of Resources and Environmental Science Hunan Normal University Changsha China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Geography Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid *** results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang ***,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western *** estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang ***,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.

关键词： The Qangtang Plateau Glacier change Multi-temporal Climate change Functional model ofglacier system Simulation

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Surface energy balance of Keqicar Glacier, Tianshan Mountains, China, during ablation period

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第3期3卷 197-205页

作者： Jing Li ShiYin Liu Yong Zhang donghui shangguan State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

The meteorological data of ablation season in 2005 were recorded by two automatic weather stations on Keqicar Glacier, in the southwest Tianshan Mountains of China. One is operated on the glacier near the equilibrium line with an altitude of 4,265 m （Site A） and another is operated on the glacier ablation area with an altitude of 3,700 m （Site B）. These data were used to analyze the meteorological conditions and the surface energy balance （SEB） of Keqicar Glacier. Net radiation was directly measured, and turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the bulk aerodynamic approach, including stability correction. The ablation value of 0.68 m w.e. derived from four ablation stakes is in close correspondence to the modeled value of 0.71 m w.e. During the observation period, net radiation accounts for 81.4% of the total energy with its value of 63.3 W/m2. The rest energy source is provided by the sensible heat flux with a value of 14.4 W/m2. Energy is consumed mainly by melting and evaporation, accotmting for 69.5% and 29.7% of the total energy with their values of 54.0 and 23.0 W/m2, respectively. Radiative energy dominates energy exchanges at the glacier-atmosphere interface, governed by the variation in net shortwave radiation. Net short-wave radiation varies significantly due to the effects of cloudiness and the high albedo caused by solid precipitation. Wind speed influences the turbulent heat fluxes distinctively and sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are much larger in July with high wind speed.

关键词： Keqicar Glacier meteorology surface energy balance net radiation ablation

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1998-2017年天山麦兹巴赫冰川湖面积变化研究

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冰川冻土 2020年第4期42卷 1126-1134页

作者：李达上官冬辉黄维东中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院大学北京100049 甘肃省水文水资源局甘肃兰州730000

天山麦兹巴赫冰川湖突发洪水是阿克苏河重要的致灾源。利用1998-2017年不同时段的Landsat、环境灾害卫星及高分遥感数据,通过Munsell HSV变换,获取了湖面范围。通过对比不同时期的冰湖面积,对1998-2017年麦兹巴赫冰川湖最大面积的变化... 详细信息

天山麦兹巴赫冰川湖突发洪水是阿克苏河重要的致灾源。利用1998-2017年不同时段的Landsat、环境灾害卫星及高分遥感数据,通过Munsell HSV变换,获取了湖面范围。通过对比不同时期的冰湖面积,对1998-2017年麦兹巴赫冰川湖最大面积的变化进行了分析。结果表明:麦兹巴赫冰川湖的面积从1998年的3.75km^(2)逐渐变化为2017年的2.87km^(2),影响冰湖储量的下湖面积从3.3km^(2)减少为1.88km^(2),呈现缩小趋势,上湖面积则有明显扩张。叠加了时间因子的正积温同冰湖面积有良好的正相关性,说明气温通过影响冰雪融水以及冰坝稳定性,从而影响冰湖的面积。研究内容可为区域性冰湖面积变化提供特殊案例,并为冰湖面积扩张归因分析提供科学参考。

关键词：麦兹巴赫冰川湖遥感面积变化天山

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尼泊尔震后Rasuwa区山地灾害遥感调查

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遥感技术与应用 2017年第1期32卷 78-83页

作者：上官冬辉赵伟史艳梅中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学重点实验室中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所中国人民解放军61243部队

针对尼泊尔4·25Gorkha地震诱发山地灾害的现象,基于多源光学遥感数据,使用目视解译方法分析了震前和震后地物特征的变化,调查了Rasuwa区影响抗震救灾的公路沿线滑坡、堰塞湖的空间分布。结果表明:本次地震新形成的大型滑坡较少,大部分... 详细信息

针对尼泊尔4·25Gorkha地震诱发山地灾害的现象,基于多源光学遥感数据,使用目视解译方法分析了震前和震后地物特征的变化,调查了Rasuwa区影响抗震救灾的公路沿线滑坡、堰塞湖的空间分布。结果表明:本次地震新形成的大型滑坡较少,大部分为中小型滑坡、浅层滑坡及碎屑流、崩塌和落石等灾害,并有堰塞湖。而在影像上能清晰识别的灾害点有15处,其中3处危害较大,分别为Langtang滑坡、Resuo滑坡和1处堰塞湖。Langtang滑坡造成了严重的破坏。

关键词：尼泊尔地震遥感山区灾害滑坡

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中国西部冰川对近期气候变暖的响应

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第四纪研究 2006年第5期26卷 762-771页

作者：刘时银丁永建李晶上官冬辉张勇中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈与环境联合重点实验室中国科学院青藏高原研究所北京100085

中国冰川主要分布在青藏高原及周边地区,在这一广大的区域内分布有冰川46377条。研究表明,中国西部变暖显著,1950年代以来平均气温上升0.2℃/10a,其中1990年代是近千年中最暖的10年;同时,1950s以来西北各省的降水量增加了约18%。为认识... 详细信息

中国冰川主要分布在青藏高原及周边地区,在这一广大的区域内分布有冰川46377条。研究表明,中国西部变暖显著,1950年代以来平均气温上升0.2℃/10a,其中1990年代是近千年中最暖的10年;同时,1950s以来西北各省的降水量增加了约18%。为认识这一气候变化对中国西部冰川的影响,利用遥感和地理信息系统方法,获取了近50a来5000多条冰川的变化状况。结果表明,中国西部82.2%的冰川处于退缩状态,冰川面积减少了4.5%,同时也有一些冰川处于前进状态。此外,近数十年中国西部冰川变化表现出明显的区域差异,青藏高原中部和西北部地区的冰川相对稳定,而高原周边山区的冰川物质亏损严重,处于加速退缩状态。

关键词：冰川变化气候变暖中国西部

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中巴公路沿线冰川运动特征

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遥感技术与应用 2019年第2期34卷 412-423页

作者：王磊蒋宗立刘时银上官冬辉张勇湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院湖南湘潭411201 云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院云南昆明650500 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃兰州730000

中巴公路作为一条国际公路,对中国以及巴基斯坦等南亚、西亚国家有着非常重要的意义。公路穿越了帕米尔高原和喀喇昆仑山脉这个山岳冰川分布十分密集的地区,沿线的冰川前进时常威胁着公路的安全运营。利用2016年1月至2017年6月间的81景S... 详细信息

中巴公路作为一条国际公路,对中国以及巴基斯坦等南亚、西亚国家有着非常重要的意义。公路穿越了帕米尔高原和喀喇昆仑山脉这个山岳冰川分布十分密集的地区,沿线的冰川前进时常威胁着公路的安全运营。利用2016年1月至2017年6月间的81景Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达影像,采用特征匹配的方法获得了1 a多来中巴公路沿线冰川的运动速度,并对比1993年和2006年的流速,对冰川前进的可能性进行分析。中巴公路沿线冰川以新疆塔吉克自治县和巴基斯坦北部城市库达巴德为界可分为北中南3部分,研究发现:北部地区冰川表面流速较为稳定,对公路安全运营的威胁很小;中部地区冰川规模普遍较小,且距离公路较远;而南部地区的大规模冰川流速较快,部分冰川积累区表面流速高达2 md^(-1)以上。为此,在南部地区选取了距离公路较近的巴托拉等4条冰川进行详细分析,结果显示帕苏冰川为1条快速运动冰川,存在冰川末端前进的可能性,巴托拉冰川、固尔金冰川和吉尔密特冰川冰舌上部流速较快,具有较强的活动特性。

关键词：中巴公路冰川表面流速 Sentinel-1 特征匹配

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