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Guiding Attention by Cooperative Cues

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 874-884页

作者： KangWoo lee School of Media Soongsil University 1-1 Sangdo-5 Dong Dong-Jak Ku Seoul 156-743 Korea

A common assumption in visual attention is based on the rationale of ＂limited capacity of information processing＂. From this view point there is little consideration of how different information channels or modules are cooperating because cells in processing stages are forced to compete for the limited resource. To examine the mechanism behind the cooperative behavior of information channels, a computational model of selective attention is implemented based on two hypotheses. Unlike the traditional view of visual attention, the cooperative behavior is assumed to be a dynamic integration process between the bottom-up and top-down information. Furthermore, top-down information is assumed to provide a contextual cue during selection process and to guide the attentional allocation among many bottom-up candidates. The result from a series of simulation with still and video images showed some interesting properties that could not be explained by the competitive aspect of selective attention alone.

关键词： selective attention cooperation competition cooperative cues guidance

Influence of the Feed Gas Composition on the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis in Commercial Operations

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2007年第4期16卷 329-341页

作者： Theo lee R & D Center Headwaters Technologies Innovation Group 1501 New York AvenueTrentonNew JerseyUSA

Key technical challenges relating to the Fischer-Tropsch （F-T） synthesis applied in the commercialization of coal/gas-to-liquids （CTL/GTL） technologies have been reviewed. Based on the experiences accumulated from pilot plant, semi-work test and lab researches, the influences of the H2/CO ratio and the CO2 in the feed gas on the F-T process as well as on CTL/GTL complex in terms of product yields, energy efficiency and carbon utilization efficiency have been studied. Being contrary to the current design schemes for F-T process using the coal derived syngas and the iron-based cata lyst, it is suggested to feed the F-T synthesis unit with a syngas having a H2/CO ratio of 0.5 and then adjusting to 1.4 via the recycling process. As a result, the carbon efficiency of the whole plant could be reached to as high as 50%. For the issue of CO2 addition to the feed gas, it is proved that only a diluting role is played under the current commercial slurry phase F-T process.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis gas-to-liquids feed gas composition, carbon efficiency

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ) hydrolysis:Theoretical and experimental studies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 907-914页

作者： lee Chery Department of Civil Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloon 999077Hong KongChina.

In this study,the effects of low temperature on aluminum(Ⅲ)(Al)hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide(Al(OH)_3(am))and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al ***,thermodynamic data of Al species at 4℃were calculated from that at 25℃.A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO_4Al_(12)(OH)_(24)^(7+)(Al_(13)),was involved in building the diagrams and,correspondingly,the non-linear simultaneous equations wit...

关键词： low temperature solubility diagram distribution diagram ^(27)Al NMR Al_(13)

Regional plantar foot pressure distributions on high-heeled shoes-shank curve effects

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第6期27卷 1091-1097页

作者： Winson lee Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Forefoot pain is common in high-heeled shoe wearers due to the high pressure caused by the center of body mass moving forward and the increased arch height with heel *** arch support could reduce the high pressure over ***,too much arch support could lead to abnormal foot alignment and pain over *** information is reported on the relationship among plantar arch height,shank curve design and plantar *** study aimed at quantifying the plantar arch height changes at different heel heights and investigating the effect of shank curve on plantar pressure *** plantar arch height increased to（7.6±1.3） mm at heel height of 75 *** Chinese standard suggests the depth of last should be 8.5 mm for heel height of 75 *** a shank curve with higher depth of last（11 mm） was used,the peak pressure over forefoot further decreased in midstance phase,which might ease the forefoot problems,while the peak pressure over midfoot increased but not exceeded the discomfort pressure *** achieve a more ideal pressure distribution in high-heeled shoes,a higher than expected depth of last would be suggested that would not cause discomfort over midfoot.

关键词： High-heeled shoes Shank curve Plantar archheight Plantar pressure Foot biomechanics

Impact Analysis of Resilience Against Malicious Code Attacks via Emails

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4803-4816页

作者： Chulwon lee Kyungho lee Department of Information Security Korea UniversitySeoul02841Korea Institute of Cyber Security&Privacy Korea UniversitySeoul02841Korea

The damage caused by malicious software is increasing owing to the COVID-19 pandemic,such as ransomware attacks on information technology and operational technology systems based on corporate networks and social infrastructures and spear-phishing attacks on business or research ***,several studies have been conducted to prevent further phishing emails in the workplace because malware attacks employ emails as the primary means of ***,according to the latest research,there appears to be a limitation in blocking email spoofing through advanced blocking systems such as spam email filtering solutions and advanced persistent threat ***,experts believe that it is more critical to restore services immediately through resilience than the advanced prevention program in the event of damage caused by malicious *** accordance with this trend,we conducted a survey among 100 employees engaging in information security regarding the effective factors for countering malware attacks through ***,we confirmed that resilience,backup,and restoration were effective factors in responding to phishing *** contrast,practical exercise and attack visualization were recognized as having little effect on malware *** conclusion,our study reminds business and supervisory institutions to carefully examine their regular voluntary exercises or mandatory training programs and assists private corporations and public institutions to establish counter-strategies for dealing with malware attacks.

关键词： Cyberattack resilience malicious code spear-phishing

An implicit algorithm based on iterative modified approximate factorization method coupling with characteristic boundary conditions for solving subsonic viscous flows

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第6期56卷 1187-1208页

作者： lee XuZhi lee ChunHian National Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics Beihang University

An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on the matrix equation in MAF(k) is made in order to impose the implicit boundary conditions *** be in consistent with the implicit solver for the interior domain,an implicit scheme for NSCBC is *** performance of the developed algorithm is investigated using spatially evolving zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and a wall jet mixing with a cross flow over a flat plate with a square hole as the test *** numerical results are compared to the existing experimental datasets and a number of general correlations,together with other available numerical solutions,which demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses promising capacity for simulating the subsonic viscous flows with large CFL number.

关键词： iterative modified approximate factorization Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions subsonic viscous flow

Tradeoff between the number of firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts in the Republic of Korea

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第1期15卷 144-155页

作者： Yohan lee Byungdoo lee Department of Saemaul Studies and International Development Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea National Institute of Forest Science Hoegiro 57 Dongdamun-gu Seoul 02455 Republic of Korea

This study explores the tradeoff relationship between the number of initial attack firefighting resources and the level of fire ignition prevention efforts mitigating the probability of human-made fires in the Republic of Korea,where most fires are caused by human *** examine this tradeoff relationship,we develop a hybrid model that combines a robust optimization model with a stochastic simulation *** robust optimization minimizes the expected number of fires not receiving a pre-defined response,such as the number of firefighting resources that must arrive at the fire within half an hour,subject to budget constraints and uncertainty about the daily number and location of *** simulation model produces a set of fire scenarios in which a combination of number,location,ignition time,and intensity of fires *** show that fire ignition prevention is as cost-effective as initial attack firefighting resources given the current budget in the Republic of Korea for reducing the expected number of fires not covered by the predefined *** mixed policy of fire suppression and fire prevention may produce some gains in efficiency relative to the dominant policy of strong fire suppression strategies.

关键词： Tradeoff Robust optimization Fire suppression Fire ignition prevention

Etching characteristics of thin SiON films using a liquefied perfluorocarbon precursor of C_6F_(12)O with a low global warming potential

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第10期22卷 135-144页

作者： Junmyung lee Yunho NAM Jongchan lee Hyun Woo lee Kwang-Ho KWON Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Korea UniversitySejong 30019Republic of Korea Department of Aeronautic Computer Engineering Hanseo UniversitySeosan 31962Republic of Korea

Perfluorocarbon gas is widely used in the semiconductor ***,perfluorocarbon has a negative effect on the global environment owing to its high global warming potential(GWP) *** alternative solution is ***,we evaluated the possibility of replacing conventional perfluorocarbon etching gases such as CHF_3 with C_6F_(12)O,which has a low GWP and is in a liquid state at room *** this study,silicon oxynitride(SiON) films were plasma-etched using inductively coupled CF4+C_6F_(12)O+O_2 mixed ***,the etching characteristics of the film,such as etching rate,etching profile,selectivity over Si,and photoresist,were investigated.A double Langmuir probe was used and optical emission spectroscopy was performed for plasma *** addition,a contact angle goniometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope were used to confirm the change in the surface properties of the etched SiON film ***,the etching characteristics of the C_6F_(12)O mixed plasma exhibited a lower etching rate,higher SiON/Si selectivity,lower plasma damage,and more vertical etched profiles than the conventional CHF_3 mixed *** addition,the C_6F_(12)O gas can be recovered in the liquid state,thereby decreasing global *** results confirmed that the C_6F_(12)O precursor can sufficiently replace the conventional etching gas.

关键词： global warming potential perfluorocarbon silicon oxynitride etching characteristics liquid-state perfluorocarbon

A comprehensive approach to a variability analysis between earthquake activity and hydro-environmental factors on the Korean Peninsula

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2023年第4期22卷 937-950页

作者： Jae-Kyoung lee Innovation Center for Engineering Education Daejin UniversityPocheon-siGyeonggi-do487-711Republic of Korea

Following the Pohang and Gyeongju earthquakes and their aftershocks,there is no longer any zone that is safe from earthquake-related disasters in the Korean *** order to monitor and predict earthquakes,correlation analysis of earthquakes and hydro-environmental factors are insufficient,and the development and application of hydro-environmental factor measurement equipment is still in the early *** study developes and verifies a more precise radon measurement *** specific earthquake cases(2019–2020)were selected,and the correlation of the analyses of the earthquakes and hydro-environmental factors(radon,electric conductivity(EC),water-level(WL),and water-temperature(WT))was conducted at the three specific groundwater ***,was confirmed that four factors are affected by earthquakes or seismic ***,the variability of the EC showed an identical tendency for a certain period before an earthquake occurred,and,in particular,the variability trends for radon,WL,and EC coincided at the time of the earthquake′s occurrence.

关键词： variability analysis earthquake radon hydro-environmental factor