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Mechanisms behind the surprising observation of supra-thermal ions in NIF’s fusion burning plasmas

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Science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 359-364页

作者： Yuhan Xue dong Wu jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and Department of Physics and Astronomy Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Although ignition had been achieved at the National Ignition Facility(NIF),recent observations of the experiments indicate novel physics that beyond theoretical predictions emerge,e.g.,the neutron analysis of experiments has revealed deviations from the Maxwellian distributions in ion relative kinetic energies of burning plasmas,with the surprising emergence of supra-thermal deuterium and tritium(DT)ions that fall outside the predictions of macroscopic statistical hydrodynamic *** our newly developed hybrid-particle-in-cell code,incorporating the newly-proposed model of large-angle collisions,we infer that that this could be attributed to the increased significance of large-angle collisions among DT ions andα-particles in the burning *** and unprecedented kinetic investigations into the implications of large-angle collisions in the burning plasma have yielded several key findings,including an ignition moment promotion by~10 ps,the presence of supra-thermal ions below an energy threshold,and approximately twice the expected deposition ofα-particles *** rationality of our findings is confirmed through the congruency between the neutron spectral moment analyses conducted by the NIF and our kinetic simulations,both highlighting progressively widening disparities between neutron spectral moment analyses and hydrodynamics predictions,which becomes more pronounced as the yield *** kinetic simulations with large-angle collisions not only provide novel insights for experiment interpretation but also open new research opportunities for the largely unexplored regime of the nuclear burning plasmas,which are distinguished by their exceptionally high energy densities and hold immense potential for illuminating the intricate physics that underpins the evolution of the early universe.

关键词： lon kinetics Supra-thermal ions Large-angle collisions Non-equilibrium ignition Inertial confinement fusion Burning plasmas

Force and impulse multi-sensor based on flexible gate dielectric field effect transistor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 214-220页

作者： Chao tan Junling Lü Chunchi Zhang dong Liang Lei Yang Zegao Wang College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050081China

Nowadays,force sensors play an important role in industrial production,electronic information,medical health,and many other ***-dimensional material-based filed effect transistor(2D-FET)sensors are competitive with nano-level size,lower power consumption,and accurate ***,few of them has the capability of impulse detection which is a path function,expressing the cumulative effect of the force on the particle over a period of *** we fabricated the flexible polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)gate dielectric MoS_(2)-FET for force and impulse sensor *** systematically investigated the responses of the sensor to constant force and varying forces,and achieved the conversion factors of the drain current signals(I_(ds))to the detected impulse(I).The applied force was detected and recorded by I_(ds)with a low power consumption of~30 *** sensitivity of the device can reach~8000%and the 4×1 sensor array is able to detect and locate the normal force applied on ***,there was almost no performance loss for the device as left in the air for two months.

关键词： flexible gate dielectric transistor force sensor impulse sensor force sensor array

Subsection cooling system of hot rolling silicon steel and its industrial application

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 159-170页

作者： Qiu-na Wang Ji-quan Sun Li-po Yang Hai-shen Wang Li-jie dong jie-ming Li Zhen-yang Zhi Yan-wen Bi National Engineering Research Center of Flat Rolling Equipment University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Hot Rolling Department of Qian’an Iron and Steel Corporation Shougang Company LimitedTangshan064404HebeiChina National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina

An online subsection cooling method for hot rolling silicon steel was designed to achieve local adjustment of transverse roll ***,it was able to meet the requirements of edge drop of the strip by using the features of online thermal ***,after the new subsection spray beam was installed at the exit of mill,the special local cooling rules were analyzed for altering the thermal crown of roll according to rolling process ***,the dynamic impact of subsection cooling on the local thermal crown could just be obtained according to the measured ***,the heat transfer coefficient was determined by different subsection cooling curves under varied rolling ***,the rolling rhythm and variable conditions were important dynamic factors of transient roll temperature in practical rolling ***,real-time calculation and presetting of the thermal crown were carried out to maximize special requirements of load roll gap on local strip *** this new method,the transient temperature and the thermal crown of roll could be quantitatively controlled *** the practical results showed that the predicted temperature was able to match the measured value by more than 95%.Meanwhile,the adjustable range of thermal crown increased by more than 2.5 ***,the qualification rate of strip edge crown has increased from the original 30%to over 70%.

关键词： Subsection cooling Thermal roll crown Multi-parameter coupling Hot rolling Silicon steel

Metal-organic frameworks with dinuclear metal centers for synergistically boosting CO_(2) photoreduction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 201-208页

作者： Hui-Feng Wang Wen-jie Shi Yu-Xin Yang Bao-Xia dong Tong-Bu Lu Di-Chang Zhong School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis(DMSC)has been proved powerful in boosting CO_(2)reduction,while this has not been achieved in heterogeneous catalysts with long-range order *** this study,we,by introduction of metal catalytic centers into an indium-based metal-organic framework(MOF),obtained a series of isostructural In-MOFs,including three MOFs with mononuclear metal catalytic center(M-In),three MOFs with dinuclear homometallic catalytic centers(MM-In),and three MOFs with dinuclear heterometallic catalytic centers(MM’-In,M/M’=Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II)).It was found that all these MOFs can serve as catalysts for photochemical CO_(2)reduction to *** with M-In,the catalytic activities of MM-In were obviously enhanced,and that of MM’-In was further significantly *** example,the CO yield of Co Zn-In reaches a record value of 12,700μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 4.0,8.1,9.4,and 18.6-fold higher than that of Co Co-In,Zn Zn-In,Co-In,and Zn-In,***,the catalytic activities of Co Ni-In and Ni Zn-In also show different fold increase than those of corresponding dinuclear homometallic and mononuclear metallic *** results of control experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that the higher catalytic activities of MM-In over M-In can be ascribed to the DMSC effect,and the higher catalytic activity of MM’-In over MM-In can be ascribed to the strengthened DMSC *** work reveals the relationship between DMSC effect and bimetal centers in CO_(2)reduction,which provides new insights into the DMSC and paves a new way to design highly active catalysts for photochemical CO_(2)reduction.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks dinuclear metal centers synergistic catalysis CO_(2)reduction photocatalysis

A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Joint Sub-Nyquist Wideband Spectrum Sensing and Modulation Recognition

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China Communications 2025年第1期22卷 128-138页

作者： dong Xin Stefanos Bakirtzis Zhang Jiliang Zhang jie Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Technology University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUnited Kingdom College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Ranplan Wireless Network Design Ltd. Cambridge CB233UYUnited Kingdom

The utilization of millimeter-wave frequencies and cognitive radio(CR)are promising ways to increase the spectral efficiency of wireless communication ***,conventional CR spectrum sensing techniques entail sampling the received signal at a Nyquist rate,and they are not viable for wideband signals due to their high *** paper expounds on how sub-Nyquist sampling in conjunction with deep learning can be leveraged to remove this *** this end,we propose a multi-task learning(MTL)framework using convolutional neural networks for the joint inference of the underlying narrowband signal number,their modulation scheme,and their location in a wideband *** demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for real-world millimeter-wave wideband signals collected by physical devices,exhibiting a 91.7% accuracy in the joint inference task when considering up to two narrowband signals over a wideband ***,the proposed data-driven approach enables on-the-fly wideband spectrum sensing,combining accuracy,and computational efficiency,which are indispensable for CR and opportunistic networking.

关键词： automated modulation classification cognitive radio convolutional neural networks deep learning spectrum sensing sub-Nyquist sampling

A C-type lectin with dual carbohydrate recognition domains functions in innate immune response in Asian corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis

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Insect Science 2025年第1期32卷 172-192页

作者： Er-Tao Li Jia-Yue Ji Wei-jie Kong dong-Xu Shen Cai Li Chun-Ju An Deparment of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBejingChina Pomology Institute Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongShanxi ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology School of BiotechnologyJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina

C-type lectins(CTLs)act as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to initiate the innate immune response in insects.A CTL with dual carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)(named immulectin-4[IML-4])was selected from the Ostrinia furnacalis transcriptome dataset for functional *** cloned the full-length complementary DNA of *** IML-4(OfIML-4).It encodes a 328-residue protein with a Glu-Pro-Asn(EPN)and Gln-Pro-Asp(QPD)motifs in 2 CRDs,***-4 messenger RNA levels increased significantly upon the bacterial and fungal *** OfIML-4(rIML-4)and its individual CRDs(rCRD1 and rCRD2)exhibited the binding ability to various microorganisms including Escherichia coli,Micrococcus luteus,Pichia pastoris,and Beauveria bassiana,and the cell wall components including lipopolysaccharide from ***,peptidoglycan from *** or Bacillus subtilis,and curdlan from Alcaligenes *** binding further induced the agglutination of ***,***,and *** in the presence of calcium,the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by the hemocytes,in vitro encapsulation and melanization of nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid beads,and a significant increase in phenoloxidase activity of *** addition,rIML-4 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis,nodulation,and resistance of *** to *** together,our results suggest that OfIML-4 potentially works as a PRR to recognize the invading microorganisms,and functions in the innate immune response in ***.

关键词： cellular immunity C-type lectin humoral immunity immulectin Ostrinia furnacalis pattern recognition receptor(PRR)

Long noncoding RNA LINC01106 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via upregulation of autophagy

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 171-184页

作者： GENGYUN SUN YIPING ZHENG JIANFENG CAI jie GAO LIE dong XIANGBIN ZHANG YINGHUI HUANG Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityNanping353006China

Background:Long noncoding RNA,LINC01106 exhibits high expression in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)tumor tissues,but its functional role and regulatory mechanism in LUAD cells remain ***:LINC01106 expression was analyzed in LUAD tissues and its functional impact on LUAD cells was *** cells were silenced with sh-LINC01106 and injected into nude mice to investigate tumor *** downstream transcription factors and molecular mechanism were determined using the Human transcription factor database(TFDB)database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)***,the impact of linc01106 on autophagy was analyzed by determining the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs)in LUAD ***:Our results showed that LINC01106 exhibited upregulation in both LUAD tissues and cell *** silencing of LINC01106 demonstrated a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of ***,LINC01106 was found to recruit TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15(TAF15),an RNA-binding protein,thereby enhancing the mRNA stability of TEA domain transcription factor 4(TEAD4).In turn,TEAD4 served as a transcription factor that bound to the LINC01106 promoter and regulated its *** assays indicated that LINC01106 promoted autophagy in LUAD cells by upregulating the expression of autophagy-related genes(ATGs).The silencing of LINC01106 in LUAD cells inhibited autophagy,and cell proliferation,and promoted apoptosis,which all were effectively reversed by ATG5 ***:Overall,LINC01106,transcriptionally activated by TEAD4,interacts with TAF15 to promote the stability of TEAD4 and upregulates the expression of ATGs,promoting malignancy of LUAD cells.

关键词： LINC01106 TAF15 TEAD4 ATG5 Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)

Induced pluripotent stem cell-related approaches to generate dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3193-3206页

作者： Ling-Xiao Yi Hui Ren Woon Genevieve Saw Li Zeng Eng King tan Zhi dong Zhou National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Nanyang Technology University Singapore Department of Neurology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative *** the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and *** induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease *** current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem *** benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are *** dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are *** emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are ***,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.

关键词： dopaminergic neurons induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease stem cell approaches

Investigation into enhanced performance of toluene and Hg0 stimulative abatement over Cr-Mn oxides co-modified columnar activated coke

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 88-106页

作者： Jiajie Wang jie Liu Lei Gao dong Xie Caiting Li Liping Xiang Huiyu Xiong Jiaqi Xie Tianren Zhang Yueguo Pan School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Airborne Pollutants Control and Radioactivity Protection in Buildings Hengyang 421001China Key Laboratory of Prefabricated Building Energy Saving Technology of Hunan Province Hengyang 421001China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

In this study,a string of Cr-Mnco-modified activated coke catalysts(XCryMn1-y/AC)were prepared to investigate toluene and Hg0 removal *** characterizations including XRD,TEM,SEM,in situ DRIFTS,BET,XPS and H_(2)-TPR showed that 4%Cr0.5Mn0.5/AC had excellent physicochemical properties and exhibited the best toluene and Hg0 removal efficiency at 200◦*** varying the experimental gas components and conditions,it was found that too large weight hourly space velocity would reduce the removal efficiency of toluene and *** O_(2) promoted the abatement of toluene and Hg0,the inhibitory role of H_(2)O and SO_(2) offset the promoting effect of O_(2) to some *** significantly inhibited Hg0 removal,resulting from that toluene was present at concentrations orders of magnitude greater than mercury’s or the catalyst was more prone to adsorb toluene,while Hg0 almost exerted non-existent influence on toluene *** mechanistic analysis showed that the forms of toluene and Hg0 removal included both adsorption and oxidation,where the high-valent metal cations and oxygen vacancy clusters promoted the redox cycle of Cr^(3+)+Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)+Cr^(6+)+Mn^(2+),which facilitated the conversion and replenishment of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation process,and even the CrMn1.5O4 spinel structure could provide a larger catalytic interface,thus enhancing the adsorption/oxidation of toluene and ***,its excellent physicochemical properties make it a costeffective potential industrial catalyst with outstanding synergistic toluene and Hg0 removal performance and preeminent resistance to H_(2)O and SO_(2).

关键词： Toluene Element mercury Cr-Mn oxides Activated coke