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Development of Precise Geoid Model for the Establishment of Consistent Height System in Geoga Grand Bridge Construction Area

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China Ocean Engineering 2009年第4期23卷 679-694页

作者： dong-ha lee Hong-Sic YUN Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental System EngineeringSungkyunkwan University

The national benchmarks on islands were mostly established by trigonometric leveling in Korea. This method results in inaccuracy, which is a serious problem in Geoga Grand Bridge construction work that tried to link the mainland and the islands. The Geoga Grand Bridge （Pusan-Geoje fixed link project） was selected as the study area, a huge construction work in Korea that will connect the mainland （Pnsan） and an island （Gecje island）. However, the orthometric heights issued at benchmarks （JINH and GOFJ） were not consistent, because they did not refer to the same zero point, which would make the linking of the sections problematic. This paper introduces the precise local geoidas a vertical datum for the construction area in order to establish a consistent height system. To determine the precise local geoid for the construction area, we firstly developed a precise gravimetric geoid for Korea and its adjoining seas as a whole. This gravimetric geoid was developed by use of all available gravity data, including surface and satellite data on land and on the ocean. The gravimetrie gecid was computed by spherical fast fourier transform with modified Stokes＇ kernels. The remove-restore technique was used to eliminate the terrain effects by use of the RTM reduction and to determine the residual geoid by combining the GGM02S/EGM96 geopotential model, free-air gravity anomalies and high-resolutinn DEM data. Finally, the gravimetric model was fitted to the geoid heights obtained from GPS and tide observations （Ncps/Tiae） by least square coUocatian, to provide the final GPS-consistent local precise geoid model. The post-fit error （std. dev. ） of the final geoid to the NetS/Tide derived from GPS and tide observations was ± 2.2 cm for the construction area. We solved the height inconsistency problem by calculating the orthometric height of the benchmarks and the cnntrol points using the final geoid model. Also, the highly accurate orthometric height was estimated through the GPS/lev

关键词： precise local geoid consistent height system gravity observations GPS! Tide observations least squares fitting

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PGLYRP1 protein as a novel mediator of cellular dialogue in neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1993-1994页

作者： Anup Bhusal Won-ha lee Kyoungho Suk Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program Department of Biomedical ScienceSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea School of Life Sciences BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Brain Science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea

Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.

关键词： inflammation considerably

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Development of Highly Active Pt/C Electrocatalyst Synthesized by Modified Polyol Reduction

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华东理工大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第5期36卷 742-742页

作者： lee Weon-Doo LIM dong-ha lee Ho-In School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Research Center for Energy Conversion and Storage Seoul National University Seoul 151-744 Korea

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Aligned Ion Conduction Pathway of Polyrotaxane‑Based Electrolyte with Dispersed Hydrophobic Chains for Solid‑State Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 169-186页

作者： Bitgaram Kim Myeong‑Chang Sung Gwang‑Hee lee Byoungjoon Hwang Sojung Seo Ji‑Hun Seo dong‑Wan Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Center Institute for Advanced Engineering(IAE)Yongin 17180Republic of Korea

A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety *** study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves ***-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain *** this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 *** situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen *** situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability *** present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.

关键词： Solid polymer electrolyte Lithium-oxygen batteries Polyrotaxane ion conductivity Hydrophobic chain

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Effect of Length Scale Tuning of Background Error in WRF-3DVAR System on Assimilation of High-Resolution Surface Data for Heavy Rainfall Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第6期29卷 1142-1158页

作者： Ji-Hyun ha dong-Kyou lee Atmospheric Sciences Program School of Earth and Environmental SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 151-747Korea

We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） three-dimensional variational assimilation （3DVAR） system. In particular, we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula. In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data, the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out. In this study, we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data. The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively. We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales, representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR. This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields. The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high; results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores. The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area.

关键词： WRF 3DVAR tuning surface data heavy rainfall

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Observation and Numerical Simulations with Radar and Surface Data Assimilation for Heavy Rainfall over Central Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第3期28卷 573-590页

作者： Ji-Hyun ha Hyung-Woo KIM dong-Kyou lee Atmospheric Sciences Program School of Earth and Environmental SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 151-747Korea

This study investigated the impact of multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data assimilation on forecasts of heavy rainfall over the central Korean Peninsula;the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system(3DVAR) were used for this purpose. During data assimilation,the WRF 3DVAR cycling mode with incremental analysis updates(IAU) was used. A maximum rainfall of 335.0 mm occurred during a 12-h period from 2100 UTC 11 July 2006 to 0900 UTC 12 July *** radar data showed that the heavy rainfall was due to the back-building formation of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs).New convective cells were continuously formed in the upstream region,which was characterized by a strong southwesterly low-level jet(LLJ).The LLJ also facilitated strong convergence due to horizontal wind shear,which resulted in maintenance of the *** assimilation of both multiple-Doppler radar and surface data improved the accuracy of precipitation forecasts and had a more positive impact on quantitative forecasting(QPF) than the assimilation of either radar data or surface data *** back-building characteristic was successfully forecasted when the multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data were *** data assimilation experiments,the radar data helped forecast the development of convective storms responsible for heavy rainfall,and the surface data contributed to the occurrence of intensified low-level *** surface data played a significant role in enhancing the thermal gradient and modulating the planetary boundary layer of the model,which resulted in favorable conditions for convection.

关键词： radar and surface data data assimilation mesoscale convective system heavy rainfall

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Radar Data Assimilation for the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective Systems

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第5期27卷 1025-1042页

作者： Jo-han lee Hyun-ha lee Yonghan CHOI Hyung-Woo KIM dong-Kyou lee School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University

A heavy rainfall case related to Mesoscale Convective Systems （MCSs） over the Korean Peninsula was selected to investigate the impact of radar data assimilation on a heavy rainfall forecast. The Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） data assimilation system with tuning of the length scale of the background error covariance and observation error parameters was used to assimilate radar radial velocity and reffectivity data. The radar data used in the assimilation experiments were preprocessed using quality-control procedures and interpolated/thinned into Cartesian coordinates by the SPRINT/CEDRIC packages. Sensitivity experiments were carried out in order to determine the optimal values of the assimilation window length and the update frequency used for the rapid update cycle and incremental analysis update experiments. The assimilation of radar data has a positive influence on the heavy rainfall forecast. Quantitative features of the heavy rainfall case, such as the maximum rainfall amount and Root Mean Squared Differences （RMSDs） of zonal/meridional wind components, were improved by tuning of the length scale and observation error parameters. Qualitative features of the case, such as the maximum rainfall position and time series of hourly rainfall, were enhanced by an incremental analysis update technique. The positive effects of the radar data assimilation and the tuning of the length scale and observation error parameters were clearly shown by the 3DVAR increment.

关键词： WRF 3DVAR 3DVAR cycling initialization tuning heavy rainfall radar data

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Comparative study on discharge conditions in micro-hole electrical discharge machining of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) material

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B9期19卷 114-118页

作者： Hyun-Seok TAK Chang-Seung ha dong-Hyun KIM Ho-Jun lee hae-June lee Myung-Chang KANG National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University

WC-Co is used widely in die and mold industries due to its unique combination of hardness, strength and wear-resistance. For machining difficult-to-cut materials, such as tungsten carbide, micro-electrical discharge machining(EDM) is one of the most effective methods for making holes because the hardness is not a dominant parameter in EDM. This paper describes the characteristics of the discharge conditions for micro-hole EDM of tungsten carbide with a WC grain size of 0.5 μm and Co content of 12%. The EDM process was conducted by varying the condenser and resistance values. A R-C discharge EDM device using arc erosion for micro-hole machining was suggested. Furthermore, the characteristics of the developed micro-EDM were analyzed in terms of the electro-optical observation using an oscilloscope and field emission scanning electron microscope.

关键词：电火花加工碳化钨钴难切削材料硬质合金放电扫描电子显微镜微孔模具行业

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A novel benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-based host as a n-type host for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2022年第4期65卷 1028-1033页

作者： Junsu ha Junseop Lim Jun Yeob lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do16419Republic of Korea

An electron-transport-type host was synthesized using a benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine(BFP)core to develop a high triplet energy *** host was designed to have both the tetraphenylsilyl blocking group and the hole-transport-type carbazole *** the device application,the host was used as an electron-transport-type host mixed with a hole-transport-type 3,3'-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1†-biphenyl(mCBP)host in the blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes(PhO-LEDs)doped with a[[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]bis-[[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl-2(3H)-ylidene]-1,2-phenylene]iridium(Ir(cb)3)blue *** a result,the mCBP:CzBFPmSi mixed host showed high external quantum efficiency over 20%at 1000 cd m^(−2) and low efficiency roll-off in the blue PhOLEDs.

关键词： blue device host efficiency lifetime

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Optimal Spatial Allocation of Initial Attack Resources for Firefighting in the Republic of Korea Using a Scenario Optimization Model

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 323-335页

作者： Yohan lee Byungdoo lee Kyung ha KIM Korea Rural Economic Institute 117-3 Hoegi-ro Dongdeamun-guSeoul 130-710 South Korea Korea Forest Research Institute Hoegiro 57 Dongdaemun-guSeoul 130-712 South Korea

【Title】 This study explores the optimal spatial allocation of initial attack resources for firefighting in the Republic of Korea. To improve the effectiveness of Korean initial attack resources with a range of policy goals, we create a scenario optimization model that minimizes the expected number of fires not receiving a predefined response. In this study, the predefined response indicates the number of firefighting resources that must arrive at a fire before the fire escapes and becomes a large fire. We use spatially explicit GIS-based information on the ecology, fire behavior, and economic characterizations important in Korea. The data include historical fire events in the Republic of Korea from 1991 to 2007, suppression costs, and spatial information on forest fire extent. Interviews with forest managers inform the range of we address in the decision model. Based on the geographic data, we conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the parameters systematically. Information on the relative importance of the components of the settings helps us to identify “rules of thumb” for initial attack resource allocations in particular ecological and policy settings.

关键词： Spatial allocation Initial attack Firefighting The Republic of Korea Senario optimization

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