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Studying the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface using the pullout test method

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第4期15卷 882-893页

作者： JI Xiao-dong CONG Xu DAI Xian-qing ZHANG ao CHEN Li-hua School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University

It is important to quantify the effect of the root diameter, the embedment length of the root and load speed on the soil-root interface mechanical properties for studying the root anchorage. The soilroot interface mechanical properties can be obtained through the pullout force and root slippage curve(F-S curve). About 120 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots whose diameters ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm divided into 6 groups based on different root embedment length(50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm) and different load velocity(10 mm·min^(-1), 50 mm·min^(-1), 100 mm·min^(-1) and 300 mm·min^(-1)) were investigated using the pullout method. This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface in the real conditions using the pullout test method. The results showed two kinds of pullout test failure modes during the experimental process: breakage failure and pullout failure. The results showed that the roots were easier to be broken when the root diameter was smaller or the loading speed was larger. The relationship between the maximum anchorage force and root diameter was linear and the linearly dependent coefficient(R^2) was larger than 0.85. The anchorage force increased with the root embedment length. An increase of 10%^(-1)5% for the maximumanchorage force was found when load speed increased from 10 to 300 ***^(-1). The mean peak slippage of the root was from 13.81 to 35.79 mm when the load velocity varied from 10 to 300 ***^(-1). The study will be helpful for the design of slopes reinforced by vegetation and in predicting risk of uprooting of trees, and will have practical benefits for understanding the mechanism of landslide.

关键词： Mechanical properties Soil-root interface Pullout test method Anchorage force Load speed Pinus tabulaeformis

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A DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs in complicated mountain areas considering SAR echo intensity

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第1期18卷 101-110页

作者： CAI Guo-lin SHEN dong ZHANG ao-li YU Hai-hua ZHANG Xuan-yu Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610000China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited Power ChinaKunming 650000China

To extract the high-quality DEM in complicated mountain areas,a DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)echo intensity is *** the analysis for the influence of terrain features and SAR side-looking imaging characteristics on radar echo intensity and DEM accuracy,four Terras AR-X images with the stripmap mode and the 3 m spatial resolution covering a certain area of maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China,was selected as the experimental *** technology was used to extract the ascending orbit StereoSAR DEM and the descending orbit StereoSAR DEM,respectively,and the corresponding radar echo intensity map was ***,while comparing the radar echo intensity corresponding to the same point position,DEM fusion was carried out,and the accuracy of DEM before and after the fusion was analyzed with the ground points measured by GNSS-RTK as reference ***,a high-quality DEM with a 3 m spatial resolution in the experimental area was *** DEM accuracy was improved on all slopes,and the mean absolute deviation(MAD)improved to 4.798 m,the standard deviation(SD)improved to 6.087 m and the LE90 improved to 40.48 *** experimental results indicate that the fusion method of highresolution ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering SAR echo intensity can effectively extract DEM with high accuracy and reliability,which can provide technical support for obtaining highquality terrain information in similar areas.

关键词： Mountain areas StereoSAR Ascending orbits Descending orbits DEM fusion SAR echo intensity

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Genetic Analysis of an Emerging GII.P2–GII.2 Norovirus Associated with a 2016 Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in China

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第1期34卷 111-114页

作者： Yuanyun ao Xiaolu Xie Xiaogen dong Miao Jin Zhaojun Duan National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Graduate School Peking Union Medical College Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Dear Editor,Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to Caliciviridae and account for more than 50%of all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide and cause an estimated 200,000 deaths per year among children\5 years of age, primarily in developing countries (Hall et al. 2012;Glass et al. 2009). The norovirus genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs).

关键词： GII.2 Norovirus Associated with a 2016 Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis in China Genetic Analysis of an Emerging GII.P2

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Preparation and Endothelialization of Multi-level Vessel-like Network in Enzymated Gelatin Scaffolds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第4期15卷 673-681页

作者： Guirong dong Qin Lian Laixia Yang Wei mao Shiyang Liu Chao Xu School of Mechanical Engineering Xi' an University of Science and Technology Xi' an 710054 China Faculty of Higher Vocational and Technical Education Xi' an University of Technology Xi' an 710082 China State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi' an Jiao Tong University Xi' an 710049 China

Loss of function of large tissues is an urgent clinical problem. Although the artificial microfluidic network fabricated in large tis- sue-engineered constructs has great promise, it is still difficult to develop an efficient vessel-like design to meet the requirements of the biomimetic vascular network for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we used a facile approach to fabricate a branched and multi-level vessel-like network in a large muscle scaffolds by combining stereolithography （SL） technology and enzymatic crosslinking mechanism. The morphology of microchannel cross-sections was characterized using micro-computed tomography. The square cross-sections were gradually changed to a seamless circular microfluidic network, which is similar to the natural blood vessel. In the different micro-channels, the velocity greatly affected the attachment and spread of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell （HUVEC）-Green Fluorescent Protein （GFP）. Our study demonstrated that the branched and multi-level microchannel network simulates biomimetic microenvironments to promote endothelialization. The gelatin scaffolds in the circular vessel-like networks will likely support myoblast and surrounding tissue for clinical use.

关键词： large-size scaffolds vascular network enzymaticaUy gelatin hydrogel endothelialization muscle tissue engineering

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Surface sulfurization activating hematite nanorods for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Science Bulletin 2019年第17期64卷 1262-1271页

作者： Lianlian mao Yu-Cheng Huang Yanming Fu Chung-Li dong Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui 25137 Taiwan China

Surface treatment is an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance of photoelectrodes. Herein, we introduced a novel strategy of surface sulfurization to modify hematite(a-Fe2 O3)nanorods grown in an aqueous solution, which triggered encouraging improvement in PEC *** comparison to the solution-grown pristine a-Fe2 O3 nanorod photoanode that is PEC inefficient and always needs high temperature(>600 °C) activation, the surface sulfurized a-Fe2 O3 nanorods show photocurrent density increased by orders of magnitude, reaching 0.46 mA cmà2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode) under simulated solar illumination. This improvement in PEC performances should be attributed to the synergy of the increased carrier density, the reduced surface charge carrier recombination and the accelerated water oxidation kinetics at the a-Fe2 O3/electrolyte interface, as induced by the incorporation of S ions and the formation of multi-state S species(Fe-Sx-Oy) at the surface of a-Fe2 O3 nanorods. This study paves a new and facile approach to activate a-Fe2 O3 and even other metal oxides as photoelectrodes for improved PEC water splitting performances, by engineering the surface structure to relieve the bottlenecks of charge transfer dynamics and redox reaction kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical Water splitting Hematite nanorods Photoanodes Surface sulfurization

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Spatial dispersion of wind speeds and its influence on the forecasting error of wind power in a wind farm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第2期4卷 265-274页

作者： Gang MU mao YANG dong WANG Gangui YAN Yue QI Jilin Province Key Laboratory Northeast Dianli UniversityNo.169Changchun RoadJilin City 132012JilinPeople’s Republic of China

Big wind farms must be integrated to power *** power from big wind farms,with randomness,volatility and intermittent,will bring adverse impacts on the connected power *** precision wind power forecasting is helpful to reduce above adverse *** are two kinds of wind power *** is to forecast wind power only based on its time series *** other is to forecast wind power based on wind speeds from weather *** a big wind farm,due to its spatial scale and dynamics of wind,wind speeds at different wind turbines are obviously different,that is called wind speed spatial *** dispersion of wind speeds and its influence on the wind power forecasting errors have been studied in this *** error evaluation framework has been established to account for the errors caused by wind speed spatial dispersion.A case study of several wind farms has demonstrated that even ifthe forecasting average wind speed is accurate,the error caused by wind speed spatial dispersion cannot be ignored for the wind power forecasting of a wind farm.

关键词： Wind farm Wind speed Spatial dispersion Wind power Forecasting error

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Ru thickness-dependent interlayer coupling and ultrahigh FMR frequency in FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB sandwich trilayers

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第8期31卷 552-560页

作者： Le Wang Zhao-Xuan Jing ao-Ran Zhou Shan-dong Li College of Physics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China College of Electronics and Information Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China

The antiferromagnetic(AFM) interlayer coupling effective field in a ferromagnetic/non-magnetic/ferromagnetic(FM/NM/FM) sandwich structure, as a driving force, can dramatically enhance the ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) frequency. Changing the non-magnetic spacer thickness is an effective way to control the interlayer coupling type and intensity, as well as the FMR frequency. In this study, Fe Co B/Ru/Fe Co B sandwich trilayers with Ru thickness(tRu) ranging from 1 A to 16 A are prepared by a compositional gradient sputtering(CGS) method. It is revealed that a stress-induced anisotropy is present in the Fe Co B films due to the B composition gradient in the samples. A tRu-dependent oscillation of interlayer coupling from FM to AFM with two periods is observed. An AFM coupling occurs in a range of 2 A ≤ tRu≤ 8 A and over 16 A, while an FM coupling is present in a range of tRu< 2 A and 9 A ≤ tRu≤ 14.5 A. It is interesting that an ultrahigh optical mode(OM) FMR frequency in excess of 20 GHz is obtained in the sample with tRu= 2.5 A under an AFM coupling. The dynamic coupling mechanism in trilayers is simulated, and the corresponding coupling types at different values of tRuare verified by Layadi’s rigid model. This study provides a controllable way to prepare and investigate the ultrahigh FMR films.

关键词： interlayer exchange coupling optical mode resonance acoustic mode resonance component gradient sputtering

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Sterilization and disinfection methods for decellularized matrix materials:Review,consideration and proposal

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第9期6卷 2927-2945页

作者： Meihan Tao Tianrang ao Xiaoyan mao Xinzhu Yan Rabia Javed Weijian Hou Yang Wang Cong Sun Shuang Lin Tianhao Yu Qiang ao Department of Tissue Engineering China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College BeijingChina The VIP Department School and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesShenyangChina Department of Developmental Cell Biology Key Laboratory of Medical Cell BiologyMinistry of EducationChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina

Sterilization is the process of killing all microorganisms,while disinfection is the process of killing or removing all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial *** involved in cell experiments,animal experiments,and clinical applications need to be in the aseptic state,but their physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities can be affected by sterilization or *** matrix(dECM)is the low immunogenicity material obtained by removing cells from tissues,which retains many inherent components in tissues such as proteins and *** there are few studies concerning the effects of sterilization or disinfection on dECM,and the systematic introduction of sterilization or disinfection for dECM is even ***,this review systematically introduces and analyzes the mechanism,advantages,disadvantages,and applications of various sterilization and disinfection methods,discusses the factors influencing the selection of sterilization and disinfection methods,summarizes the sterilization and disinfection methods for various common dECM,and finally proposes a graphical route for selecting an appropriate sterilization or disinfection method for dECM and a technical route for validating the selected method,so as to provide the reference and basis for choosing more appropriate sterilization or disinfection methods of various dECM.

关键词： Decellularized matrix Sterilization Disinfection Irradiation Ethylene oxide Supercritical carbon dioxide Peracetic acid Hydrogen peroxide Alcohol Antibiotic

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Effects of extrusion parameters on physicochemical properties of flaxseed snack and process optimization

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 121-131页

作者： Wu Min Liu Yi Wang Lijun Li dong mao Zhihuai College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment&Facilities Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

In order to optimize the extrusion process of flaxseeds snacks,the influence of different extrusion conditions on flaxseed production were studied by using the general four-factor quadratic designs of rotary combination and response surface methodology(RSM).Four extrusion conditions,the extrusion temperature(100-160°C),screw speed(60-180 r/min),feeding speed(18.35-54.95 kg/h)and moisture content(14%-30%w/w)were used as variables to detect the change of in vitro protein digestibility,expansion index,bulk density and texture(hardness and brittleness)of extruded *** superimposed RSM contour map,it was found that the optimum extrusion conditions could be obtained at feed composition with flaxseed content of 20%,moisture content of 17.37%-22.43%,extrusion temperature of 134.3-156.1°C,screw speed of 114-165.7 r/min and feeding speed of 34.38-45.95 kg/h,***,the composition and content of fatty acid in flaxseed-maize mixture changed rarely after extruded process,which indicated that extrusion had little impact on fatty *** the optimum extrusion conditions,the flaxseed-maize blends can be extruded into acceptable snack foods.

关键词： flaxseed extrusion optimization physicochemical property in vitro digestibility

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Programmable deformation of patterned bimorph actuator swarm

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 775-785页

作者： Jia-Nan Ma Yong-Lai Zhang dong-dong Han Jiang-Wei mao Zhao-Di Chen Hong-Bo Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and Engineering Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University

Graphene-based actuators featuring fast and reversible deformation under various external stimuli are promising for soft robotics. However, these bimorph actuators are incapable of complex and programmable3 D deformation, which limits their practical application. Here, inspired from the collective coupling and coordination of living cells, we fabricated a moisture-responsive graphene actuator swarm that has programmable shape-changing capability by programming the SU-8 patterns underneath. To get better control over the deformation, we fabricated SU-8 micropattern arrays with specific geometries and orientations on a continuous graphene oxide film, forming a swarm of bimorph actuators. In this way,predictable and complex deformations, including bending, twisting, coiling, asymmetric bending, 3 D folding, and combinations of these, have been achieved due to the collective coupling and coordination of the actuator swarm. This work proposes a new way to program the deformation of bilayer actuators,expanding the capabilities of existing bimorph actuators for applications in various smart devices.

关键词： graphene oxide actuators moisture responsive predictable deformation soft robots

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