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Azocalixarenes: a scaffold of universal excipients with high efficiency

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1697-1706页

作者： Yu-Xin Yue Yi-Lin Lin Meng-Meng Chen han-Wen Tian Rong Ma Ze-han Wang Fang-Yuan Chen Yu-Chen Pan dong-Sheng Guo College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials(Ministry of Education)Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Excipients are important components of pharmaceutical preparations that affect their quality, safety, and efficacy. Macrocyclic receptors are a family of supramolecular excipients with several advantages, including molecular-level protection, small sizes,fast kinetics of host-guest recognition, and modular construction. With the continuous advances in the medical field, personalized and precision medicine requires the development of excipients with low dosages, integrated modifying effects, universality,and controlled release. To meet these requirements, we have developed a new family of macrocyclic excipients based on calixarenes by integrating their covalent(broad chemical design space) and noncovalent(wide range of substrates) ***, azocalixarenes(Azo CAs) were designed, showing high binding affinities to a broad spectrum of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs), selectivity to interferents, and responsiveness to hypoxic microenvironments. Due to their highly efficient and controllable recognition, Azo CAs serve as low-dose excipients for 30 APIs. Molecular encapsulation by Azo CAs results in the integrated modification of the physicochemical properties of APIs, including solubility, stability, bioavailability,and biocompatibility. Moreover, Azo CAs can be reduced by azoreductases overexpressed in hypoxic microenvironments,leading to the controlled release of APIs. Collectively, Azo CA excipients have broad application prospects for a series of diseases such as enteritis, arthritis, stroke, cancer, bacterial infection and kidney injury, with diverse therapeutic modalities,including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, boron neutron capture therapy, radiotherapy, fluorescence imaging, and their combinations.

关键词： supramolecular chemistry host-guest systems excipient calixarene molecular recognition

Removal of intrahepatic bile duct stone could reduce the risk of cholangiocarcinoma: A single-center retrospective study in South Korea

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第5期12卷 913-921页

作者： Tae In Kim Sung Yong han Jonghyun Lee dong Uk Kim Division of Gastroenterology Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National UniversityCollege of MedicineYangsan 50612South Korea

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic duct(IHD)stones are among the most important risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma(CCC).Approximately 10%of patients with IHD stones develop CCC;however,there are limited studies regarding the effect of IHD stone removal on CCC *** To investigate the association between IHD stone removal and CCC *** We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients with IHD stones at a tertiary referral center between January 2011 and December *** CCC occurred in 36 of the 397 enrolled *** univariate analysis,chronic hepatitis B infection(11.1%vs 3.0%,P=0.03),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9,176.00 vs 11.96 II/mL,P=0.010),stone located in left or both lobes(86.1%vs 70.1%,P=0.042),focal atrophy(52.8%vs 26.9%,P=0.001),duct stricture(47.2%vs 24.9%,P=0.004),and removal status of IHD stone(33.3%vs 63.2%,Pupper normal limit,carcinoembryonic antigen>upper normal limit,stones located in the left or both lobes,focal atrophy,and complete removal of IHD stones without recurrence were independent factors influencing CCC ***,the type of removal method was not associated with CCC *** Complete removal of IHD stones without recurrence could reduce CCC risk.

关键词： Intrahepatic bile duct stone Cholangiocarcinoma Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Carbohydrate antigen 19-9

Influencing factors and risk prediction model for emergence agitation after general anesthesia for primary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2194-2201页

作者： Shu-Shu Song Li Lin Li Li Xiao-dong han Department of Anesthesia and Surgery Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou 325099Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often characterized by behaviors,such as crying,struggling,and involuntary limb movements in *** treatment is delayed,there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding,which can significantly affect surgical ***,having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia,which is beneficial for improving patient *** To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver *** Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at Wenzhou Central Hospital(January 2020 to December 2023)was ***-surgery,the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence,noting EA incidence after general *** were categorized by EA presence postoperatively,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration *** EA occurred in 51(25.5%)*** analysis identified advanced age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade Ⅲ,indwelling catheter use,and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA(P<0.05).Conversely,postoperative analgesia was a protective factor against EA(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.972[95%confidence interval(CI):0.947-0.997]for the training set and 0.979(95%CI:0.951-1.000)for the test ***-Lemeshow test showed a good fit(χ^(2)=5.483,P=0.705),and calibration curves showed

关键词： Primary hepatocellular carcinoma resection General anesthesia Emergence agitation Risk factors Forecast Nomograph

Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer and Combustion of a Stirling Engine Combustor Fueled by Reformed Gas and Diesel Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1907-1919页

作者： LAN Jian ZHAO Yanchun LIN Guangtao LI Yelin REN Zhe LYU Tian SHEN Mengmeng GU Genxiang han dong Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute Shanghai 201108China

Thermochemical recuperation heat recovery is an advanced waste heat utilization technology that can effectively recover exhaust waste heat from oxy-fuel Stirling *** novel combustor of a Stirling engine with thermochemical recuperation heat recovery system is expected to utilize both reformed gas and diesel fuels as sources of *** this research,the effects of various factors,including the H_(2)O addition,fuel distribution ratio(FDR),excess oxygen coefficient,and cyclone structure on the temperature distribution in the combustor,combustion emissions,and external combustion system efficiency of the Stirling engine were experimentally *** the increase of steam-to-carbon ratio(S/C),the temperature difference between the upper and lower heating tubes reduces and the circumferential temperature fluctuation decreases,and the combustion of diesel and reformed gas remains close to complete *** S/C=2,the external combustion efficiency is 80.6%,indicating a 1.6%decrease compared to conventional *** the increase of FDR,the temperature uniformity of the heater tube is improved,and the CO and HC emissions ***,the impact of the FDR on the maximum temperature difference and temperature fluctuation across the heater is *** the FDR rises from 21%to 38%,the external combustion efficiency increases from 87.4%to92.3%.The excess oxygen coefficient plays a secondary role in influencing temperature uniformity and temperature difference,and the reformed gas and diesel fuel can be burned efficiently at a low excess oxygen coefficient of *** an increase in the cyclone angle,the heater tube temperature increases,while the maximum temperature difference at the lower part decreases,and the temperature fluctuation ***,the CO and HC emissions increase,and the external combustion efficiency experiences a decrease.A cyclone angle of 30°is found to be an appropriate value for achieving optimal

关键词： Stirling engine fuel reforming synthetic gas oxy-combustion external combustion efficiency

Identification of Motor Nuclei in the Medulla Oblongata of Carp for Biological Control

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 842-851页

作者： Yang Zhao Yong Peng Yudong Wen Lingjun han Yanhong Yan Xueying dong Hui Zhang Zheng Zhao Xiaoyue Liu School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Key Laboratory of National Defense of Mechanical Structure and Material Science Under Extreme Conditions Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Institute of Marine Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China Shijiazhuang University Shijiazhuang050035China

Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in biological control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the *** purpose of this study was to explore the motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata in *** carps were subjected to electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation experiments,respectively,in the water-free state,and the effective chemical stimulation sites were injected with the pontamine sky blue *** brain tissue sections were obtained by paraffin tissue section technology and the neutral red staining *** comparing the positions of the brain nuclei shown in earlier studies,the motor nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata were *** brain electrode was implanted into the motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata,and the underwater control experiment and behavioral tests were carried out with different electrical stimulation *** results showed that the abducens nucleus(NVI)was the motor nucleus that controls the ipsilateral steering,and the facial nucleus(NVII)was the motor nucleus that controls the forward *** adjusting the stimulation voltage and the stimulation pulse number,the carp can be stably controlled to achieve a left–right steering motion of 30°–180°and a forward motion of more than 80 cm/*** study indicated that the quantitative control of the steering and forward behavior of the carp can be achieved by electrical stimulation of the NVI and NVII,which provided a certain experimental basis for the accurate control of the carp robot.

关键词： Biological control Carp Medulla oblongata motor nucleus Electrical stimulation technique Chemical stimulation technique

Improvement of impact properties of Al-Si-Mg alloy via solution treatment and joint modification with Sr and La

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3301-3313页

作者： Xiong-Ling Zheng Shao-Xiang Li Jia-Le Ma Qing-Yan Xu Hai-dong Zhao Zhi-Qiang han Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

An effort to obtain superior impact properties for Al-7Si-0.35 Mg alloy is presented,where modification with 0.02 wt% Sr and 0.1 wt% La as well as solution treatment was jointly *** samples were solution treated at 535℃ for 15 min to 12 *** microstructure,fracture mechanism,and their correlation with the impact properties of the alloy were studied in detail mainly through optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and oscillography impact *** results show that the addition of Sr and La refined the eutectic Si particles significantly from~ 2.05 μm(modified with Sr alone) to~ 0.75 μm in as-cast microstructure,leading to a very homogeneous distribution of spheroidized Si particles in the alloy solution treated at 535℃ for 8 *** alloy exhibits excellent impact toughness up to 75 J·cm^(-2),which is much higher than the maximum impact toughness of the alloys modified by Sr alone(~ 46 J·cm^(-2)).The major reason for this remarkable increase in the impact property is the dramatic increase in crack initiation *** dispersoid-free zones(DFZs)near the eutectic regions mainly consist of the ductile Al-matrix,which exhibits excellent *** ductile Al-matrix of the DFZs hinders the crack propagation,resulting in a significant increase in crack propagation energy.

关键词： Aluminum alloys Modification Solution treatment Microstructure Impact properties Fracture mechanism

Coordinate-wise monotonic transformations enable privacy-preserving age estimation with 3D face point cloud

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1489-1501页

作者： Xinyu Yang Runhan Li Xindi Yang Yong Zhou Yi Liu Jing-dong J.han School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology(CQB)Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining School of Computer and Information TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Clinical Research Institute Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

The human face is a valuable biomarker of aging,but the collection and use of its image raise significant privacy *** we present an approach for facial data masking that preserves age-related features using coordinate-wise monotonic *** first develop a deep learning model that estimates age directly from non-registered face point clouds with high accuracy and *** show that the model learns a highly indistinguishable mapping using faces treated with coordinate-wise monotonic transformations,indicating that the relative positioning of facial information is a low-level biomarker of facial *** visual perception tests and computational3D face verification experiments,we demonstrate that transformed faces are significantly more difficult to perceive for human but not for machines,except when only the face shape information is *** study leads to a facial data protection guideline that has the potential to broaden public access to face datasets with minimized privacy risks.

关键词： face point cloud age estimation face verification privacy coordinate-wise monotonic transformation

Multistimuli-Responsive Luminescent Porous Organic Polymers with Chiroptical Properties and Acid-Induced Degradation

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第16期42卷 1886-1894页

作者： Youling He dongyang Fan Liang Zhang dong Wang Ting han Rongrong Hu Ben Zhong Tang Center for AIE Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China Universityof TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong 510640China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen(CUHK-Shenzhen)Guangdong 518172China

Porous organic polymers(POPs)have attracted great attention in past *** diverse functional POPs have been developed,multistimuli-responsive POPs with excellent aggregate-state luminescence together with good chiroptical properties have rarely been ***,two pairs of Salen-type enantiomeric PoPs with multistimuli-responsive luminescence and chiral features were designed and synthesized by facile polycondensation reactions between polyfunctional aggregation-induced emission luminogen(AlEgen)-containing salicylaldehyde derivatives and chiral *** Salen units in polymer backbones as tetradentate ligands,a series of POP-metal complexes were further *** obtained POPs and metal complexes show good porosity,high thermal stability,and obvious circular dichroism ***,benefiting from the coexistence of AlEgen and Salen units in polymer structures,these POPs exhibit excellent luminescence performance in aggregate states and tunable fluorescence behaviors in response to external stimuli of Zn^(2+)ion,mechanical forces,organic solvent,and *** to the dynamic feature of Schiff base C=N bonds,the present POPs can efficiently undergo hydrolysis reactions under strong acidic conditions to reproduce the AlEgencontaining monomers,and such an acid-induced degradation process can be directly visualized and dynamically monitored via fluorescence *** properties collectively make the POPs candidate materials for applications in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis,fluorescence sensing,biomedicine,etc.

关键词： Polymers Stimuli-responsive luminescence Porous polymers Chirality Aggregation-induced emission Fluorescence Schiff bases Degradation

Alloy as advanced catalysts for electrocatalysis:From materials design to applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 104-122页

作者： Pingfan Zhang Shihuan Hong Ning Song Zhonghui han Fei Ge Gang Dai Hongjun dong Chunmei Li Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Daqo Group Co.Ltd. Zhenjiang 212221China Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of EducationJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and EnvironmentCollege of New Energy and EnvironmentJilin UniversityChangchun 130021China

With the deep integration of electrochemical research with energy,environment,catalysis,and other fields,more and more new electrochemical catalytic reactions have entered our research *** catalysts have recently emerged as a new type of nanomaterial due to the rapid development of kinetic controlled synthesis *** materials offer several advantages over monometallic catalysts,including larger element combinations,complex geometries,bifunctional sites,and reduced use of precious *** paper provides a review of alloy electrocatalysts that are designed and prepared specifically for electrocatalytic *** use of alloy materials in electrocatalyst design is also discussed,highlighting their widespread application in this ***,various synthesis methods and synthesis mechanisms are systematically *** that,by correlating the properties of materials with the structure,relevant strategies toward advanced alloy electrocatalysts including composition regulation,size,morphology,surface engineering,defect engineering,interface engineering and strain engineering are *** addition,the important electrocatalytic applications and mechanisms of alloy electrocatalysts are described and ***,the current challenges and prospects regarding the development of alloy nanomaterials are *** review serves as a springboard from a fundamental understanding of alloy structural dynamics to design and various applications of electrocatalysts,particularly in energy and environmental sustainability.

关键词： Alloy Nanomaterial Electrocatalyst Materials design Electrocatalysis