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Consideration of some optimization techniques to design a hybrid energy system for a building in Cameroon

Energy and Built Environment 2022年第2期3卷 233-249页

作者： Djeudjo Temene Hermann Talla Konchou Franck Armel TCHINDA René njomo donatien Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Department of PhysicsUniversity of Yaounde IP.O Box 812YaoundeCameroon URISIE University Institute of Technology Fotso VictorUniversity of DschangP.O Box 134BandjounCameroon

To solve the problem energy deficit encountered in developing countries,Hybrid Renewable Energy System(HRES)appears to be a very good *** paper presents the optimal design of a hybrid renewable energy system considering the technical i.e Loss of Power Supply Probability(LPSP),economic i.e Cost of Electricity(COE)and Net Present Cost(NPC)and environmental i.e Total Greenhouse gases emission(TGE)aspects using Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization(PSOGWO),hybrid Grey-Wolf Optimization-Cuckoo Search(GWOCS)and Sine-Cosine Algorithm(SCA)for a Community multimedia center in MAKENENE,Cameroon;where inhabitants have to spend at times 3 to 4 days of *** configurations(Scenarios)of hybrid energy systems including PV,WT,Battery and Diesel generator are analyzed considering an average daily energy load of 50.22 kWh with a peak load of 5.6 *** values of the derating factor i.e 0.6,0.7,0.8 and 0.9 are used in this analysis and the best value is *** 3 with LPSP,COE,NPC,TGE and RF of 0.003%,0.15913$/kWh,46953.0485$,2.3406 kg/year and 99.8%respectively when using GWOCS is found to be the most appropriate for the Community multimedia *** optimal Scenario is obtained for a system comprising of 18 kW of P_(pv-rated)corresponding to 69 solar panels,3 days of AD corresponding to a total battery capacity of 241 kWh and 1 of N_(dg).

关键词： Hybrid renewable energy system Optimization Loss of power Supply probability Cost of electricity Net present cost Emission of greenhouse gases

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Impact of Sustainable Electricity for Cameroonian Population through Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2019年第9期7卷 11-51页

作者： Fotsing Metegam Isabelle Flora njomo donatien njomo donatien René Tchinda Oumarou Hamandjoda Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory (EETL) of the University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Industrial Systems and Environment of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Energetic Laboratory National Higher Polytechnic School Yaounde Cameroon

Access to electricity and a reliable supply of energy are essential elements of local economic development and poverty reduction. To address these challenges, appropriate policies and mechanisms at the national and regional levels need to be implemented. In this study, we used Johanson cointegration and Granger causality techniques to examine the different cointegration and causal relationships that exist between the growth of electricity consumption (CE) and socio-economic parameters (GDP, tertiary GDP, GDP per capita, number of households, number of subscribers and population) in Cameroon during the period from 1975 to 2011. The results from the software Eviews 7.2 show that there are cointegration relationships between electricity consumption and socio-economic indicators (LGDPH, LPO and LS) thus reflecting the long-term relationship between socio-economic growth and electricity consumption (CE). Consumption growth could, therefore, follow socio-economic growth. In addition, the analysis of the Granger causality test results reveals that there is a unidirectional causal relationship of macroeconomic indicators towards electricity consumption. That is, LGDPG to LCE, LGDPH to LCE, and LGDPT to LCE. There is also a unidirectional relationship between LCE and the demographic indicators that is the relationship of LCE to LS (number of subscribers). We can, therefore, conclude that the indicators that have a better influence on electricity consumption are the overall GDP for the macroeconomic indicators and the population for the socio-demographic indicators respectively. In addition, the analysis of renewable energy potential (EnRs) shows us that Cameroon enjoys good irradiation throughout its territory, hence its high solar potential. The wind speed is unevenly distributed over the territory, it has an average speed in the region of the very north of the country, but a low speed in the rest of the territory, which justifies the low wind potential in the country. We a

关键词： Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Cointegration Causality Fossil Fuels Mini-Grids

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Choice of suitable regional and residual gravity maps, the case of the South-West Cameroon zone

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第1期3卷 26-32页

作者： Fidèle Koumetio donatien njomo Constant Tatchum Noutchogwe Eric Ndoh Ndikum Sévérin Nguiya Alain-Pierre Kamga Tokam Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Department of Physics ENS Bambili University of Bamenda Department of Fundamental Sciences H.T.T.T.C.Bambili-Bamenda University of Bamenda Department of Physics Faculty of Genial Engineering University of Douala

The quantitative interpretation of gravity anomalies due to shallow structures needs separation between long wavelength anomalies(regional anomalies) and short wavelength anomalies(residual anomalies).The regional-residual field separation can be carried out using the polynomial *** this case, the so-called regional field of order n is treated as a polynomial of degree *** present study shows that the degree n must vary between a smallest value n_(min) and a maximum value n_(max).This article presents a method to process gravity data that allows determination of n_(min) and n_(max) for a given study *** apply the method to gravity data of the South-West Cameroon *** this chosen study area, we find that regional anomaly maps of orders ranging from 1 to 9 and residual anomaly maps of orders ranging from 1 to 8 can be used for suitable *** analyses show that one may need residual anomaly maps of several orders to perform satisfactory quantitative interpretation of the different intrusive bodies found in a given area.

关键词： gravity regional anomaly residual anomaly upward continuation correlation factors intrusive body

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Thermomechanical Characterisation of Compressed Clay Bricks Reinforced by Thatch Fibres for the Optimal Use in Building

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第12期9卷 913-935页

作者： Madeleine Nitcheu Pierre Meukam Jean Claude Damfeu donatien njomo Department of Physics Faculty of Science Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory (EETL) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Basic Scientific Teaching School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Laboratory of Energy Water and Environment (L3E) National Advanced School of Engineering Yaounde Cameroon

Thatch fibres grow in large quantity in the Adamawa region of Cameroon. During the long dry season, these fibres cause numerous fire incidents, which not only devastate large areas of cash crops, but also contribute to increase emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This article aims to show how fibres could be used with compressed clay bricks to manufacture an insulating material used in building. Four fibre contents 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% made up the sample studied. The asymmetric hot plate methodology was used to determine the thermophysical properties of these composite materials. The volumetric heat capacity and the thermal effusivity of these materials were estimated. These two parametres were used to determine their apparent thermal conductivities. The results obtained show that the thermal conductivity decreases as the volume of fibres in the mixture increases. It is 0.689 W·m-1·K-1 for simple compressed clay bricks and 0.510 W·m-1·K-1 for a dosage at 3% of thatch fibres. In a bit to validate the results of the pilot study of the apparent thermal conductivity, the heat mass capacity of this composite material was achieved through the use of the dehydration method. The relative difference obtained with the results of the volumetric heat capacity carried out with these two methods was good. All results showed that the use of fibres in compressed laterite brick gives a more insulating composite material that respects Civil Engineering Norms.

关键词： Thatch Fibres Clay Bricks Thermo Mechanical Properties Transient Method Mixing Method

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Selection Wind Farm Sites Based on GIS Using a Boolean Method: Evaluation of the Case of Cameroon

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 1-24页

作者： Fotsing Metegam Isabelle Flora njomo donatien René Tchinda Oumarou Hamandjoda Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory (EETL) University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Industrial Systems and Environment of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Energetic Laboratory National Higher Polytechnic School Yaounde Cameroon

The negative effects of traditional methods of electricity generation on the environment have created the need for strategic planning and development of renewable and sustainable energy systems. This paper presents the analysis of the suitability of wind farm sites using a Boolean decision-making approach based on geographic information system (GIS) modeling. This analysis is based on different climatic, geographical, economic and environmental criteria such as wind resource, slope, accessibility by road, proximity to the electricity network and optimal distance from airports. The results of the study show that the most favorable sites are mainly located in the northern part of the country, particularly in the Far North and North regions. There are also favorable sites in the North-West, South-West, West, Littoral and very little in the South while the central and eastern regions are not suitable. This is mainly due to the tropical forest that covers the entire region of East Cameroon and the low wind speed in these regions which is the determining factor for the installation of wind farms. The appropriate land for the installation of wind farms is approximately 2.56% corresponding to an area of 11,602.494414 km

关键词： Wind Energy Boolean Method Geographic Information System (GIS) Cameroon Wind Farm

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Numerical Simulation of Cu（In,Ga）Se2 Solar Cells Performances

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第12期9卷 1047-1055页

作者： Daouda Oubda Marcel Bawindsom Kebre Francois Zougmore donatien njomo Frederic Ouattara LA.M.E (Laboratoire de Materiaux et Environnement) UFR-SEA (Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquees) Universite de Ouagadougou Ouaga 03 BP 7021 Burkina Faso L.A.T.E.E (Laboratoire d'Analyse des Technologies de l'Energie et de l'Environnement)-FAST (Faculte des Sciences et Techniques)-Sciences Universite Yaounde I Yaounde 812 Cameroun LA.R.E.M.E (Laboratoire de Recherche en Energdtique et Meteorologie de l'Espace) ENS (Ecole Normale Superieure) Universite de Koudougou Koudougou BP 376 Burkina Faso

This paper presents a numerical characterization of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide thin film solar cells using one dimensional simulation program （SCAPS-1D）. We have performedan optimization of the performances of the standard Mo/Cu（In, Ga）Se2/CdS/ZnO solar cells using current-voltage and quantum efficiency methods. With a CuIn..7Ga0.3Se2 absorber, we have investigated the buffer layer thickness, temperature, series and shunt resistances effects on the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency. The simulated results show good performances when the thickness of the buffer layer is in the range of 10-40 um due to the reduction of absorption in the short wavelenghts （380-500 nm）. High performances of the model is obtained when the series and shunt resistances is in the range of 0.1-1 Ω·cm^2 and 1,000 Ω·cm^2, respectively. Under these conditions, the cell can theoretically operate under an ambiant temperature of 370 K without any loss of its performances.

关键词： Numerical simulation SCAPS-1D CdS thickness temperature Rs Rsh

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Two-Dimension Numerical Simulation of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector: Far North Region of Cameroon

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 147-169页

作者： Charlain-Joel Ngangoum Keou donatien njomo Vincent Sambou A. R. Andrianaharinjaka Finiavana Ahmadou Diaby Tidiane Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory (EETL) University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laboratoire d’Energitique Appliquée(LEA) Université Cheikh Anta Diop Ecole Polytechnique de Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Thermique Appliquée Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université d’Antsiranana Diégo-Suarez Madagascar Université Européenne de Bretagne Equipe MTRhéo Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique (LGCGM) Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes et Université de Rennes Rennes France

Cameroon lives in the era of great infrastructures in order to reach the economic emergence by 2035. These infrastructures require a solid framework of energy provisions from many natural energy sources and resources that the country possesses. Speaking of natural energy resources, the country is particularly gifted by solar energy potential in the far north. This region of the land is densely populated but much of the populations do not have access to electricity since they live in remote areas far from national electricity grid. Solar thermal energy appears then as real potential to fulfill the growing demand of energy and reduce fossil fuel use dependence. Moreover, it would also be a grandiose opportunity for hospitals in these regions to provide hot water for Sterilization. As the design of a solar thermal plant strongly relies on the potential of direct solar irradiance and the performance of a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) estimated under the local climate conditions, in this paper, we annually compute direct solar radiation based on monthly average Linke turbidity factor and various tracking modes in two chosen sites in the far north region of Cameroon. Also, a detailed two dimensional numerical heat transfer analysis of a PTC has been performed. The receiver has been divided into many control volumes along his length and each of them is a column consisting of glass, vacuum, absorber and fluid along which mass and energy balance have been applied. Direct solar irradiation, ambient temperature optical and thermal analyses of the collector receiver takes into consideration all modes of heat transfer and the nonlinear algebraic equations were solved simultaneously at each instant during a day of computation using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). To validate the numerical results, the model was compared with experimental data obtained from Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). It has shown a great concordance with a maximum relative error value of 0.35% a

关键词： Cameroon Parabolic Trough Tracking Modes Receiver Thermal Performance

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Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies by Multi-Scale Evaluation of Maxima of Gradients and 3D Modelling in Bipindi Region (South-West Cameroon)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第12期5卷 1415-1425页

作者： Fidèle Koumetio donatien njomo Constant Noutchogwe Tatchum Alain Pierre Kamga Tokam Tabod Charles Tabod Eliezer Manguelle-Dicoum Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Physics University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon School of Geosciences University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

The gravity maps display, in Bipindi zone, local oval culminations of low anomalies indicative of a presence of intrusive light body in a subsurface but the nature, the form and the position of this body are still unknown. The analyses of established gravimetric anomaly maps, the multi-scale evaluation of maxima of gradients and the quantitative interpretation of residual anomalies by 3D modelling permit characterizing the intrusive light body situated at Bipindi. The multi-scale evaluation of maxima of gradients shows that the modelling of the intrusive light body of Bipindi can be done without the problem of interference of anomalies from different sources. The 3D model of Bipindi zone shows two dissymmetrical blocks of the same type of rock with a density contrast of -0.095 g·cm-3 in comparison with the density of the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The two blocks are at a distance about 3 km from one to another. The upper surfaces of these blocks lie at a depth between 1 and 2 km. Their lower surfaces have two landings;one lies at a depth of about 8 km and another at a depth about 14 km. A consideration of the density of the modelled body, of the ranges of densities of specific rocks present in the general region indicates that the body may be composed of nepheline syenites. The intrusive body of Bipindi is situated in a senestral shear zone. The area situated between the two blocks of this intrusive body may be indicated for a detail study in the domain of mineral research.

关键词： Gravity Anomalies Maxima of Gradients Residual Anomalies Modelling

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Estimation of Direct Solar Radiation of Chad

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Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第5期10卷 212-225页

作者： Mahamat Hassane Babikir donatien njomo Mahmoud Y. Khayal Hermann D. Temene Djampou T. Joel Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory (EETL) Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound&eacute I Yaound&eacute Cameroon National Center of Research and Development (NCRD) University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

The aim of this paper is to estimate the direct solar radiation on a horizontal plane in five regions of Chad using the Liu and Jordan’s model in view of the installation of a thermo-solar power plant. For this purpose, the HelioClim-3 Data Base of Solar Irradiance V5’s is used. All the results presented in this paper were obtained using Microsoft Excel software 2015. These results show that compared to the other regions considered for this study, the direct solar radiation on a horizontal plane in Moundou is less.

关键词： Direct Solar Radiation Inclined Plane Excel HelioClim-3 Chad

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Two-Dimension Numerical Simulation of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector: Far North Region of Cameroon

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第3期

作者： Charlain-Joel Ngangoum Keou donatien njomo Vincent Sambou A. R. Andrianaharinjaka Finiavana Ahmadou Diaby Tidiane

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