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Dynamic Spectrum Access Protocol for the Digital Dividend

Circuits and Systems 2016年第13期7卷 4124-4144页

作者： raoul Zamblé Raymond Gbégbé Jean-Marie Kadjo Olivier Asseu Pacôme Brou Ecole Supérieure Africaine des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (ESATIC) Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cote d’Ivoire

It is not more and more, easy to satisfy the important and growing spectrum demands in the context of the static conventional policy spectrum allocation. Therefore, to find a suitable solution to this problem, we are to days observing the apparition of flexible dynamic spectrum allocation methods. These methods that ought to improve more significantly the spectrum use have gained much interest. In fact, the digital dividend due to the change-over from the analog television to the digital terrestrial television must be efficiently used. So the Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) can potentially play a key role in shaping the future digital dividend use. In the DSA, two kinds of users or networks coexist on different channels. The first one, known as the primary user, accesses to a channel with high priority;and the second one, known as secondary user has a low priority. This paper presents a dynamic spectrum access protocol based on an auction framework. Our protocol is an interesting tool that allows the networks to bid and obtain on the available spectrum, the rights to be primary and secondary users according their valuations and traffic needs. Based on certain offers, our protocol selects primary and secondary users for each idle channel in order to realize the maximum economic for the regulator or social benefits. We deal with the case in which the offers of the networks are independent one another even if they will share the same channels. We design an algorithm in accordance with our dynamic spectrum access protocol. The algorithm is used here to find an optimal solution to the access allocation problem, specifically to digital dividend. Finally, the results in the numeric section, regarding the three suggested scenarios, show that the proposed dynamic spectrum access protocol is viable. The algorithm is able to eliminate all non-compliant bidders for the available spectrum sharing. We notice that the revenue or social benefits of the regulator is maximized when we

关键词： Dynamic Spectrum Access Protocol Centralized Spectrum Sharing Spectrum Auctions Digital Dividend

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Usefulness of the MESH score in a European hepatocellular carcinoma cohort

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第15期9卷 711-714页

作者： Xavier Adhoute Guillaume Pénaranda Jean-Luc raoul Marc Bourlière Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Hopital Saint-Joseph Marseille AlphaBio Laboratory Marseille Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Institut Paoli-Calmette Marseille

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification is the most widely-used hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) staging system because it is simple,precise and linked to a treatment algorithm based on randomized *** each group includes a broad spectrum of tumors,with limited therapeutic options,particularly for intermediate and advanced ***,different additional scoring systems have been proposed to refine the prognosis and/or to improve the *** until now,there is no *** et al proposes a new scoring system,based on a large HCC cohort,with patients at different stages,treated using diverse *** score includes six parameters used in current *** is simple to calculate,reliable,with an ability to predict survival superior to other systems,which also works with our European HCC *** MESH score may be especially useful to differentiate subgroups with different prognosis for each treatment modality.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Scoring system MESH NIACE

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Inappropriate Gold Standard Bias In Cervical Cancer Screening Studies

Inappropriate Gold Standard Bias In Cervical Cancer Screenin...

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24th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop

作者： Robert Pretorius Jerome Belinson raoul Burchette Jennifer Smith Dept Ob/Gyn Southern California Permanente Medical Group-FontanaFontanaCA92335USA Dept Ob/GynThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH44195USA Dept.Research and Evaluation Southern California Permanente Medical GroupLosRoblesCAUSA Dept.Epidemiology Univ.North CarolinaChapelHillNC27599USA

＜正＞*** acid aided visual inspection（VIA）and colposcopic-directed biopsy both miss small ≥ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN） *** object of this review is to determine whether inflation of sensitivity of VIA occurs when colposcopic- directed biopsy is the gold standard for ≥ CIN 2. *** reviewed 375 women with ≥ CIN 2 from the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study Ⅱ.These women

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Analytical Load Balancing Model in Distributed Open Flow Controller System

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Engineering（科研） 2018年第12期10卷 863-875页

作者： Traore Issa Zamble raoul Adama Konate Joel Christian Adepo Bernard Cousin Asseu Olivier Felix Houphouet-Boigny University AbidjanCote d’Ivoire African Higher School of ICT Abidjan AbidjanCote d’Ivoire National Polytechnic Institute Felix Houphouet-Boigny YamoussoukroCote d’Ivoire Virtual University of Cote d’Ivoire AbidjanCote d’Ivoire Research Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems University of Rennes 1RennesFrance

The Software Defined Network (SDN) is a concept based on a decoupling between the control plan and the data plan of a network. Thus, the network becomes programmable and can be coupled to the business applications of the users. The study that is discussed in this article looks at load planning and balancing in distributed controllers. To do this, a model and theoretical methods of performance evaluation related to appropriate software tools, to predict and control the quality of service offered to users is exposed. This paper exposed also a distributed architecture of controllers and then a module based on an adaptive load balancing algorithm that is fault tolerant and fluctuates controller loads. The experiments show a significant gain in efficiency of our solution.

关键词： Open Flow Load Balancing Decision Distributed Software Defined Network Analysis Architecture

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适应工业4．0发展要求的刀具出货系统

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工具技术 2018年第9期52卷 I0012-I0013页

作者： raoul Rapke 伊斯卡公司

在一定程度上受工业4．0鼓舞的新型出货柜及出货相关解决方案正在不断涌现，其一致的目标是为生产制造商提供更方便、更简约的方式来管理及分配发放到车间的物料，以最大限度地提高和协调生产效率。

关键词：工业系统刀具生产制造商生产效率车间

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Study of Formic and Acetic Acids in the Air of Humid Savannah Case of Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 254-266页

作者： Pêlèmayo raoul Touré Georges Kouame Kouadio Urbain Kouakou Koffi Charles Romaric Beugré Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics and Fluid Mechanics (LAPA-MF) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Physcal Science Laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure of Abidjan (ENS) Abidjan C&#244te d’ivoire Laboratory of physical chemistry Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

From January 1995 to December 2004, 860 rainwater samples were collected in the humid savannah of Lamto. Using the Henry’s law, we determined the content of formic and acetic acids in the air based on their concentrations in rainwater. The annual partial pressure of both formic and acetic acids over the decade is variable. It covers a range of 0.003 (1998) to 0.21 ppbv (1996) and 0.27 (1999) to 0.47 ppbv (1996) for formic and acetic acids respectively. Also, the partial pressure in the dry season is higher than that in the wet season. This difference is related to the enrichment of the organic acid content in the air by the various sources that produce these acids. One of the main sources of increment in organic acid is biomass burning. This biomass burning contributes between 21% and 51% to the formation of the two acids in the humid savannah of Lamto. Ultimately the average annual organic acidity varies from 40% to 60% over the ten years period.

关键词： Formic Acid Acetic Acid Organic Acidity Biomass Burning

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A historical view of alveolar echinococcosis, 160 years after the discovery of the first case in humans： part 1. What have we learnt on the distribution of the disease and on its parasitic agent？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第18期124卷 2943-2953页

作者： Dominique Angele Vuitton WANG Qian ZHOU Hong-xia Francis raoul Jenny Knapp Solange Bresson-Hadni WEN Hao Patrick Giraudoux WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University Hospital and University of Francbe-Comte 25030 Besancon France Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 530021 China Chrono-Environnement Joint Research Unit UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comte CNRS and INRA 25030 Besancon France Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis Research 1st Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xiniianz 830000. China

Since the first 2 cases observed in southern Germany and the correct identification of a parasite at the origin of the disease by the famous scientist Rudolf Virchow in 1855, the borders of the endemic area of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have never stopped to expand. The parasite was successively recognized in Switzerland, then in Russia, Austria and France which were long considered as the only endemic areas for the disease. Cases were disclosed in Turkey in 1939; then much attention was paid to Alaska and to Hokkaido, in Japan. The situation totally changed in 1991 after the recognition of the Chinese endemic areas by the international community of scientists. The world map was completed in the beginning of the 21st century by the identification of AE in most of the countries of central/eastern Europe and Baltic States, and by the recognition of cases in central Asia. Up to now, the disease has however never been reported in the South hemisphere and in the United Kingdom. In the mid-1950s, demonstration by Rausch and Schiller in Alaska, and by Vogel in Germany, of the distinction between 2 parasite species responsible respectively for cystic echinococcosis （＂hydatid disease＂） and AE put an end to the long-lasting debate between the ＂dualists＂, who believed in that theory which eventually proved to be true, and the ＂unicists＂, who believed in a single species responsible for both diseases. At the end of the 20th century, molecular biology fully confirmed the ＂dualist＂ theory while adding several new species to the initially described E. granulosus; within the past decade, it also confirmed that little variation existed within Echinococcus （E.） multilocularis species, and that AE-Iooking infection in some intermediate animal hosts on the Tibetan plateau was indeed due to a new species, distinct from E. multilocularis, named E. shiquicus. Since the 1970s, the unique ecological interactions between the landscape, the hosts, and E. multilocularis have progressively be

关键词： alveolar echinococcosis Echinococcus species epidemiology history Rudolf Virchow western China

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Contribution of the International Reference Ionosphere-2016 Model in the Evidence of the Winter Anomaly

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1749-1757页

作者： Moustapha Konaté raoul Ilboudo Kadidia Nonlo Drabo Emmanuel Nanéma Frédéric Ouattara Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences et Technologie (UFR-ST) Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LAREME) Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Gaoua Université Nazi BONI Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study is a contribution to the estimation of the winter anomaly in the F2 layer of the ionosphere at low latitudes. The aim is to study the variability of the virtual height (hmF2) of the F2 region of the ionosphere through the predictions of the latest International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2016). The present work allows analyzing the temporal evolution of hmF2 according to the different phases of three (3) solar cycles during the quiet geomagnetic activity to estimate the seasonal anomaly at the Ouagadougou station. The analysis of the seasonal profiles shows that the variability of hmF2 is: 1) strongly linked to the solar cycle activity, 2) dependent on the season and 3) variable from one cycle to the next for the same phase. It appears that hmF2 increases during the ascending phase to reach its maximum value at the phase maximum. During the descending phase, it decreases until the phase minimum where it finds its minimum value. The difference between winter and summer on the hmF2 values for each phase of the cycle is obtained at the phase minimum and is estimated to be at least 16 km. In low latitudes, solar irradiation is greater in summer than in winter. From this study, hmF2 values are larger in winter compared to summer indicating an anomaly in the virtual height of the F2 layer of the ionosphere through the predictions of IRI-2016 at the Ouagadougou station.

关键词： Winter Anomaly IRI hmF2 Quiet Day Solar Cycle Phases

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Emergency Neonatal Obstetric Cares at Cocody University Hospital: Overview of Instrumental Extraction

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第11期7卷 1086-1091页

作者： Kakou Charles Kasse raoul Kouame Arthur Koime Hervé Effoh Denis Gondo Diomandé Boni Serge Cocody University Hospital Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Objectives: The aim of this study was to show an overview of situation of instrumental extraction at the maternity of Cocody University Hospital by determining availability and assessing the maternal and fetal prognosis. Patients and method: it was a retrospective study with a descriptive purpose on 6 months from January 1 to June 31, 2015. It concerned all patients admitted in the expulsive phase of labor delivery room and with an indication of fetal instrumental extraction and the state of their newborns at birth. Results: We saved 2288 vaginal deliveries;including 28 instrumental deliveries on 104 indications of instrumental extraction is an implementation rate of 26.9% (16 by vacuum extractor and 12 forceps). Among patients with indication but without instrumental extraction (n = 76), there is 42.3% vaginal delivery (n = 44) and 30.8% of cesarean section (n = 32). 44 have given birth vaginally (42.3%) and 32 by caesarean section (30.8%). It’s young patient (28 years), nulliparous (42.3%). Average time between instrumental extraction indication and the delivery of the baby was 58 min in the case of instrumental extraction and 1 hour 41 minutes in the case of spontaneous delivery in anticipation of the c-section. Motherhood had 3 instrumental extractors (2 vacuum extractors and 1 forceps) recycled after each use. The Apgar score was good in 85.7% in children born by instrumental extraction and bad in 54.5% in children born vaginally without instrumental extraction. We found 20 stillborn in intra partum occurred only in children born vaginally without instrumental extraction. Twelve (12) cases of bleeding of the issue by uterine atony (27.3%) were recorded in patients pregnant without instrumental extraction. No maternal deaths were observed. Conclusion: The realization of instrumental extraction rate remains low at the maternity of the UH-C. In the event, the fetal prognosis was better.

关键词： Instrumental Extraction Forceps Vacuum Extractor Availability Stillbirth

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Modulation Possibilities of the Tissue Wettability, Marker of the Physical Modifications Produced by Senescence versus Photo Senescence at Tegument Level

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第13期7卷 1049-1055页

作者： Laurentiu Badescu Carmen Elena Cotrutz raoul Lupusoru Bogdan-Mihail Diaconescu Manuela Ciocoiu Magda Badescu Department of Cell and Molecular Biology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania Department of Pathophysiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania Department of Pathophysiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi Romania

We used an experimental model involving white Westar rats (young and old) who were subjected to precise doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The experiment aims to examine the influence of epidermis potential protection factors in photo senescence versus senescence. We have studied the in vivo effect of some natural polyphones extracted from black grapes seeds and zinc aspartate and in vitro effect of AED (deuterium depleted water). The substances were administered by intragastric gavages, at two days intervals for two weeks prior to UV irradiation and during the entire period of the experiment (28 days). In the end, we determined the degree of hydrophilicity of the skin, in vitro, by measuring the contact angle value, which was inversely proportional to the hydrophilicity of the tissue (the angle formed at the contact between a liquid and a solid surface). Using this method we found a large variability depending on the hydrophilicity of the epidermis (abdomen and back), the age of the animal and UV/non UV irradiation. The maintenance of the epidermis fragments in AED (for 6 hours) increased significantly the tissue wet ability degree both in the young rats subject to UV and in the senescent ones subject to UV (photo senescence).

关键词： Skin Photoimmunology Phototherapy

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