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Toxin variation among salamander populations:discussing potential causes and future directions

Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 336-353页

作者： Gilles DE MEESTER EminaŠUNJE Els PRINSEN Erik VERBRUGGEN raoul VANDAMME Department of Biology Functional Morphology GroupUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Department of Biology Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of SarajevoSarajevoBosnia-Hercegovina Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina:BHHU:ATRA SarajevoBosnia-Hercegovina Department of Biology ImpressUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium Department of Biology Plant and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium

Amphibians produce defensive chemicals which provide protection against both predators and *** species,populations can differ considerably in the composition and amount of these chemical *** intraspecific variation in toxins and linking it to environmental variables may help us to identify the selective drivers of toxin evolution,such as predation pressure and infection ***,there has been a renewed interest in the unique toxins produced by salamanders from the genus Salamandra:the *** this attention,intraspecific variation has largely been ignored within *** aim of this study was to investigate whether geographic variation in profiles of samandarines exists,by sampling 4 populations of Salamandra atra over its range in the Dinaric *** addition,we preliminary explored whether potential variation could be explained by predation(counting the number of snake species)and infection risk(cultivation and genomic analyses of collected soil samples).Salamanders from the 4 populations differed in toxin composition and in the size of their poison glands,although not in overall toxin *** predation nor infection risk could explain this variation,as populations barely differed in these *** over a much broader geographic range,using better estimators for predation and infection risk,will contribute to an improved understanding of how environment may shape variation in chemical ***,as the 4 populations of *** did differ in their toxin profiles,we propose that this species provides an interesting opportunity for further ecological and evolutionary studies on amphibian toxins.

关键词： amphibian toxins geographic variation poison glands Salamandra atra samandarines

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The Locally Conservative Galerkin (LCG) Method — a Discontinuous Methodology Applied to a Continuous Framework

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第3期1卷 319-340页

作者： Rhodri L.T.Bevan raoul vanLoon Perumal Nithiarasu Civil and Computational Engineering Centre School of EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PPUK

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the element-wise locally conservative Galerkin(LCG)*** LCG method was developed to find a method that had the advantages of the discontinuous Galerkin methods,without the large computational and memory *** initial application of the method is discussed,to the simple scalar transient convection-diffusion equation,along with its extension to the Navier-Stokes equations utilising the Characteristic Based Split(CBS)*** element-by-element solution approach removes the standard finite element assembly necessity,with an face flux providing continuity between these elemental *** face flux provides explicit local conservation and can be determined via a simple small post-processing *** LCG method obtains a unique solution from the elemental contributions through the use of simple *** is shown within this paper that the LCG method provides equivalent solutions to the continuous(global)Galerkin method for both steady state and transient *** numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the abilities of the LCG method.

关键词： Explicit local flux conservation element-by-element solution local conservation LCG convection-diffusion CBS artificial compressibility incompressible flow

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Disease activity and cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3497-3503页

作者： Harry Sokol Jacques Cosnes Olivier Chazouilleres Laurent Beaugerie Emmanuel Tiret raoul Poupon Philippe Seksik Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Hepatology Depart-ment Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France Department of Abdominal Surgery Hpital Saint-Antoine Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6 AP-HP Paris 75571 France

AIM: To investigate the phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD). METHODS: Data from 75 PSC-IBD patients evaluated in our tertiary center between 1963 and 2006 were collected and compared to 150 IBD patients without PSC, matched for sex, birth date, IBD diagnosis date and initial disease location regarding ileal, different colonic segments, and rectum, respectively. RESULTS: While PSC-IBD patients received more 5-aminosalicylates (8.7 years/patient vs 2.9 years/ patient, P < 0.001), they required less immuno-suppressors (24% vs 46% at 10 years; P < 0.001) and less intestinal resection (10% vs 44% at 10 years, P < 0.001). The 25-year cumulative rate of colectomy was 25.1% in PSC-IBD and 37.3% in controls (P = 0.004). The 25-year cumulative rate of colorectal cancer was 23.4% in PSC-IBD vs 0% in controls (P = 0.002). PSC was the only independent risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (OR = 10.8; 95% CI, 3.7-31.3). Overall survival rate without liver transplantation was reduced in PSC-IBD patients (67% vs 91% in controls at 25 years, P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study confirms that patients with PSC-IBD have a particular disease phenotype independent of the initial disease location. Although their disease is less active and they use more 5-aminosalicylates, they present a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Inflammatory bowel disease Colorectal cancer Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease

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Optimal measurement design for parameter identification in mechanized tunneling

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Underground Space 2018年第1期3卷 34-44页

作者： raoul Holter Chenyang Zhao Elham Mahmoudi Arash AlimardaniLavasan Maria Datcheva Markus Konig Tom Schanz Ruhr-Universitit Bochum Department of Civil and Enviroromental EngineeringUniversititsstr.15044780 BochumGrmany Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of MechanicsAcad.G Bonchew Stbl.41113 SofiaBulgaria

When performing shallow tunnel construction,settlements on the ground surface often cannot be *** these sur-face displacements is only possible with profound knowledge of the constitutive parameters of the surrounding *** inverse analysis on the basis of in situ settlement data is an effcient method for obtaining such ***,during this process,con-sidering which measurement arrangement can provide the most reliable results is generally *** aspect is addressed in this study by applying the so-called“optimal experimental design”to the mechanized tunnelingﬁeld.A global sensitivity analysis(GSA)isﬁrstly performed to determine the most relevant model parameters to be identiﬁed via back analysis,by employing the considered numerical model and experimental ***,the GSA results are utilized to determine where and when measurements should be performed to minimize uncertainty in the identiﬁed constitutive *** optimal experimental design(OED)concept is fur-ther applied to evaluate the observation set-up effciency for damage mitigation measures within a representative synthetic example of a tunneling project passing beneath an existing *** identiﬁcation based on synthetic noisy experiments is performed to validate the presented method for optimal experimental ***,the soil stiffness and strength parameters are identiﬁed according to both an intuitive and the elaborated method,employing the proposed OED strategy and experimental designs,making it possible to assess the feasibility of the OED results.

关键词： Mechanized tunneling,OptimacxperimI sensitivity analysis Back analysis

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Activated Carbons Based on Shea Nut Shells (<i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i>): Optimization of Preparation by Chemical Means Using Response Surface Methodology and Physicochemical Characterization

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2020年第8期8卷 53-72页

作者： Liouna Adoum Amola Theophile Kamgaing donald raoul tch.ifon tch.ifon Cyrille Donlifack Atemkeng Solomon Gabche Anagho Laboratory of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In this study, shea residues (Vitellaria paradoxa) dumped in the wild by the units processing almonds into butter were used in the production of activated carbons. Shea nut shells harvested in the locality of Baktchoro, West Tandjile Division of Chad were used as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions, and the factors used were concentration of activating agent (1 - 5 M), carbonization temperature (400°C - 700°C) and residence time (30 - 120 min). The studies showed that at optimal conditions the yield was 51.45% and 42.35%, while the iodine number (IN) was 709.45 and 817.36 mg/g for CAK-P (phosphoric acid activated carbon) and CAK-S (sulphuric acid activated carbon) respectively. These two activated carbons (ACs) which were distinguished by their considerable iodine number, were variously characterized by elementary analysis, pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc), bulk density, moisture content, Boehm titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. These analyses revealed the acidic and microporous nature of CAK-P and CAK-S carbons, which have a specific microporous surface area of 522.55 and 570.65 m2·g−1 respectively.

关键词： Residue Shea Nuts Activated Carbon Optimization Central Composite Design

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Cardiac diagnostics before oral propranolol therapy in infantile hemangioma: retrospective evaluation of 234 infants

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第3期14卷 254-258页

作者： Giovanni Frongia Ji-Oun Byeon raoul Arnold Arianeb Mehrabi Patrick Günther Division of Pediatric Surgery Department of GeneralVisceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 11069120 HeidelbergGermany Department of Pediatric Cardiology Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of General Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

Background The indication and extent of cardiac screening before oral propranolol therapy (OPT) in patients with infantile hemangioma (IH) has been challenged. In this study, we evaluated pre-OPT cardiac diagnostics in a pediatric IH cohort in our department. Methods Retrospective chart review of infants ≤ 12 months old with IH undergoing OPT. The diagnostics prior to OPT, occurrence of complications, and outcome were recorded. Results A total of 234 patients were evaluated. The mean age at the onset of OPT was 4.2 ± 0.3 months, the average dura-tion of OPT was 6.1 ± 0.1 months, and the average follow-up was 12.3 ± 0.7 months. Echocardiograms and electrocardio-grams were performed prior to OPT in all patients. One hundred and three (44.0%) echocardiograms revealed pathological findings, 19 (8.1%) of which were minor (including atrial septal defects, pulmonary stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus). Pathological findings were observed in 17 (7.3%) of electrocardiograms, only one (0.4%) of which was minor (suspected cardiac arrhythmia, subsequently excluded by long-term electrocardiogram analysis). These findings did not contraindicate OPT and no severe adverse events associated with OPT occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusions Routine cardiac screening by electrocardiogram and echocardiogram before OPT is debatable and not routinely indicated in children with IH. Further studies are necessary to draw definite conclusions on the reasonable indication and extent of this diagnostic approach.

关键词： Cardiac diagnostics Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram Hemangioma Propranolol

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Revisions of the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Suggested by Properties of Random Walk

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2011年第2期1卷 61-68页

作者： raoul Charreton 不详

A new theorem on random walks suggest some possible revisions of the foundations of Quantum Mechanics. This is presented below in the simplified framework of the description of the evolution of a material point in space. Grossly speaking, it is shown that the probabilities generated by normalizing the square modulus of a sum of probability amplitudes, in the setup of Quantum Mechanics, becomes asymptotically close (under the appropriate limiting conditions) to the probabilities generated by the usual causal processes of Classical Mechanics. This limiting coincidence has a series of interesting potential applications. In particular it allows us to reintroduce the concept of causality within the core of Quantum Mechanics. Moreover, it suggests, among other consequences, that gravitational interaction may not even exist. Even though the interpretations of Quantum Mechanics which follow from this mathematical result may seem to bring some unexpected innovations in the context of theoretical physics, there is an obvious necessity to study its theoretical impact on Quantum Mechanics. The first steps toward this aim are taken in the present article.

关键词： Determinism Prequantic Physics Random Walks Entanglement

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The Origin of Gravitational and Electric Forces, the Nature of Electromagnetic Waves

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2012年第3期2卷 82-89页

作者： raoul Charreton 104 Quai Louis Blériot 75016 Paris France

We have proposed a prequantum physics, itself founded on classical mechanics completed by the existence of an universal cloud of tiny particles noted U. These U particle command the mass, variable, of electron, neutron, proton, and atom particles noted M. The “shocks” between U and M particles in the cloud, with screen effect, give birth to electrical forces among charged particles with very small differences between attractive and repulsive forces, and to certain gravitational forces. This cloud with the electromagnetic waves propagating thus recalls an ether, yet much different regarding its effects on the inertial mass of any particle within it. The electromagnetic wave and the photon look like if they were born from a statistical mechanics induced by the universal cloud, and their status, in this regard, may be compared to the status conferred by atomics to a temperature or a pressure. The wave transversality is explained. By the same token, one understands why the photon, a vectorial bearer of a statistical information, may thus describe a particle as well as a wave.

关键词： Prequantum Physics

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Systemic chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver:A retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第6期15卷 713-716页

作者： Julien Edeline Jean-Luc raoul Elodie Vauleon Anne Guillygomac'h Karim Boud jema Eveline Boucher Department of Medical Oncology Centre Eugène Marquis CS 4422935042 Rennes cedexFrance European University in Brittany 35042 Rennes cedexFrance Department of Liver Disease Pontchaillou University Hospital35033 Rennes cedexFrance Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Pontchaillou University Hospital35033 Rennes cedexFrance

AIM:To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of systemic chemotherapy in a retrospective study of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)occurring in normal or fibrotic liver without cirrhosis. METHODS:Twenty-four patients with metastatic or locally advanced HCC in a normal or a fibrotic liver were given systemic chemotherapy(epirubicin,cis- platin and 5-fluorouracil or epirubicin,cisplatin and capecitabine regimens).Tumor response,time to pro- gression,survival,and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS:There were 7 women and 17 men,mean age 54±10 years;18 patients had a normal liver and 6 had a fibrotic liver(F1/F2 on biopsy).Mean tumor size was 14 cm,5 patients had portal vein thrombosis and 7 had *** received a median of 4 chemotherapy *** tolerance was good. There were 5 partial responses(objective response rate =22%),and tumor control rate was 52%.Second line surgical resection was possible in two *** survival was 11 mo,and 1-and 2-year overall survival rates were 50%±10%and 32%±11%,respectively. CONCLUSION:In patients with HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver,chemotherapy was well tolerated and associated with an objective response rate of 22%,including two patients who underwent secondary surgical resection.

关键词： Antineoplastic protocols Chemotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Coverage probability of cellular networks using interference alignment under imperfect CSI

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Digital Communications and Networks 2016年第4期2卷 162-166页

作者： raoul F. Guiazon Kai-Kit Wong Michael Fitch Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London WCIE 7JE UK BTMobility Group Martlesham Heath Suffolk IP5 3RE UK

Interference alignment （IA） is well understood to approach the capacity of interference channels, and believed to be crucial in cellular networks in which the ability to control and exploit interference is key. However, the achievable performance of IA in cellular networks depends on the quality of channel state information （CSI） and how effective IA is in practical settings is not known. This paper studies the use of IA to mitigate inter-cell interference of cellular networks under imperfect CSI conditions. Our analysis is based on stochastic geometry where the structure of the base station （BS） locations is considered by a Poisson point process （PPP）. Our main contribution is the coverage probability of the network and simulation results confirm the accuracy.

关键词： Interference alignment Beamforming Coverage probability Channel errors Stochastic geometry

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