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Development of a data collection and management system in West Africa:challenges and sustainability

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1300-1313页

作者： jeffrey G.Shaffer Seydou O.Doumbia Daouda Ndiaye Ayouba Diarra jules F.Gomis Davis Nwakanma Ismaela Abubakar Abdullahi Ahmad Muna Affara Mary Lukowski Clarissa Valim james C.Welty Frances j.Mather joseph Keating donald j.krogstad Departments of Biostatistics(1440 Canal St. Suite 1610)and Tropical Medicine(#83171430 Tulane AvenueJ.B.Johnston BuildingRoom 510)New OrleansLA 70112-2699USA University of the Sciences Techniques and Technologies of BamakoBamakoMali University Cheikh Anta Diop DakarSenegal Medical Research Council Unit FajaraThe Gambia ScienceTRAX LLC MaconGAUSA Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health BostonMAUSA

Background:Developing and sustaining a data collection and management system(DCMS)is difficult in malariaendemic countries because of limitations in internet bandwidth,computer resources and numbers of trained *** premise of this paper is that development of a DCMS in West Africa was a critically important outcome of the West African International Centers of Excellence for Malaria *** purposes of this paper are to make that information available to other investigators and to encourage the linkage of DCMSs to international research and Ministry of Health data systems and ***:We designed and implemented a DCMS to link study sites in Mali,Senegal and The *** system was based on case report forms for epidemiologic,entomologic,clinical and laboratory aspects of plasmodial infection and malarial disease for a longitudinal cohort study and included on-site training for Principal Investigators and Data *** on this experience,we propose guidelines for the design and sustainability of DCMSs in environments with limited resources and ***:From 2012 to 2017,we performed biannual thick smear surveys for plasmodial infection,mosquito collections for anopheline biting rates and sporozoite rates and year-round passive case detection for malarial disease in four longitudinal cohorts with 7708 individuals and 918 households in Senegal,The Gambia and *** challenges included the development of uniform definitions and reporting,assessment of data entry error rates,unstable and limited internet access and software and technology *** included entomologic collections linked to longitudinal cohort studies,on-site data centres and a cloud-based data ***:At a time when research on diseases of poverty in low and middle-income countries is a global priority,the resources available to ensure accurate data collection and the electronic availability of those data remain severely limited.

关键词： Data collection Data(database)management system Diseases of poverty Malaria Plasmodium falciparum

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Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.krogstad Paiton O.Mcdonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry j.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

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Metabolic collaboration between cells in the tumor microenvironment has a negligible effect on tumor growth

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 107-114页

作者： johan Gustafsson Fariba Roshanzamir Anders Hagnestål Sagar M.Patel Oseeyi I.Daudu donald F.Becker jonathan L.Robinson jens Nielsen Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Hagnesia AB SE-43854 HindåsSweden Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA BioInnovation Institute DK2200 CopenhagenDenmark

The tumor microenvironment is composed of a complex mixture of different cell types interacting under conditions of nutrient deprivation,but the metabolism therein is not fully understood due to difficulties in measuring metabolic fluxes and exchange of metabolites between different cell types in ***-scale metabolic modeling enables estimation of such exchange fluxes as well as an opportunity to gain insight into the metabolic behavior of individual cell ***,we estimated the availability of nutrients and oxygen within the tumor microenvironment using concentration measurements from blood together with a metabolite diffusion *** addition,we developed an approach to efficiently apply enzyme usage constraints in a comprehensive metabolic model of human *** combined modeling reproduced severe hypoxic conditions and the Warburg effect,and we found that limitations in enzymatic capacity contribute to cancer cells’preferential use of glutamine as a substrate to the citric acid ***,we investigated the common hypothesis that some stromal cells are exploited by cancer cells to produce metabolites useful for the cancer *** identified over 200 potential metabolites that could support collaboration between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts,but when limiting to metabolites previously identified to participate in such collaboration,no growth advantage was *** work highlights the importance of enzymatic capacity limitations for cell behaviors and exemplifies the utility of enzyme-constrained models for accurate prediction of metabolism in cells and tumor microenvironments.

关键词： metabolism effect limitations

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 43-51页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone johanna F Shapiro Cynthia Haq jéssica R B Leao donald E Nease jr Liz Grant Stewart W Mercer john C M Gillies Pablo González Blasco Maria Auxiliadora C De Benedetto Graziela Moreto Marcelo R Levites jennifer E DeVoe William R Phillips jane M Uygur Thomas R Egnew Colette S Stanley Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine University of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA Faculty of Medicine University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Family Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK SOBRAMFA-Medical Education and Humanism Sao PauloBrazil Family Medicine Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicinePortlandOregonUSA Family Medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA General Practice Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland General Internal Medicine Geriatrics&Palliative MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self’,authors present the following sections:‘Reflective practice in action’,‘The doctor as drug—Balint groups’,‘Cultivating compassion’,‘Towards a humanistic approach to doctoring’,‘Intimacy in family medicine’,‘The many faces of suffering’,‘Transcending suffering’and‘The power of listening to stories.’May readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.

关键词： illustration dimensions suffering

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Src Is Dephosphorylated at Tyrosine 530 in Human Colon Carcinomas

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Chinese journal of Cancer Research 2011年第3期23卷 229-231页

作者： jeffrey D Bjorge donald j Fujita Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Southern Alberta Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Calgary

Objective：Src is a protein tyrosine kinase that plays important roles in cancer development,and Src kinase activity has been found to be elevated in several types of ***,the cause of the elevation of Src kinase activity in the majority of human colon carcinomas is still largely *** aim at finding the cause of elevated Src kinase activity in human colon ***：We employed normal colon epithelial FHC cells and examined Src activation in human colon carcinoma specimens from 8 *** expression levels were determined by Western blotting,and the activity of Src kinase by kinase ***：Actin levels were different between tumor and normal tissues,demonstrating the complexities and inhomogeneities of the tissue *** kinase activities were increased in the majority of the colon carcinomas as compared with normal colon epithelial cells （range 13-29）.Src protein levels were reduced in the colon *** Y530 phosphorylation levels were reduced to a higher extent than protein levels in the ***：The results suggest that Src specific activities were highly increased in human colon carcinomas;phosphorylation at Src Y530 was reduced,contributing to the highly elevated Src specific activity and Src kinase activity.

关键词： Src Kinase activation Dephosphorylation Colon carcinoma

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Effect of particle stress tensor in simulations of dense gas-particle flows in fluidized beds

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 31-43页

作者： Mohammad Reza Haghgoo donald j. Bergstrom Raymond j. Spiteri Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK SFN 5A9 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon. SK S7N 5C9 Canada

A two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow for the rapid-flow regime and the Coulomb friction law for the quasi-static regime is applied to predict the hydrodynamics of dense gas-particle flow in a three-dimensional fluidized bed. Two different models for the particle stress tensor that use different constitutive equations in the elastic-inertial regime are examined to assess their ability to predict bed dynamics. To understand how particle stress models affect structural features of the flow, a quantitative analysis is performed on some important aspects of the mechanics of bubbling beds that have received relatively little attention in the literature. Accordingly, different flow regimes are identified in the context of fluidized beds through the dimensionless inertial number, and the main characteristics of each regime are discussed. In addition, how the particle stress tensor manifests itself in the bubble characteristics, natural frequency of the bed, and particle Reynolds stress are investigated, all of which help to better understand the complex dynamics of the fluidized bed. The numerical results are validated against pub- lished experimental data and demonstrate the significant role of the stress tensor in the elastic-inertial regime.

关键词： Two-fluid model Inertial number Fluidized bed Flow regime Particle Reynolds stress MFIX

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Bioacoustic variation of swimbladder disturbance sounds in Neotropical doradoid catfishes （Siluriformes： Doradidae, Auchenipteridae）： Potential morphological correlates

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 171-188页

作者： Kaatz, Ingrid M. Stewart, donald j. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Swimbladder disturbance sounds of doradoid catfishes （Doradidae and Aucheniptefidae） demonstrated striking waveform and spectrographic variation. We surveyed sounds of 25 doradoid species in 20 genera comparing these to sounds of four vocal outgroup catfish families. Sounds were either continuous waveforms （lacking interpulses） or pulsed （groups of pulses repeated at fixed temporal intervals）. This is the first evidence for swimbladder calls with fixed interpulse patterns in catfishes. Vocal mechanism components that were similar between doradids and auchenipterids included： swimbladder shape, swimbladder dimensions and sonic muscle-somatic index. Morphological traits that showed variation among taxa and were evaluated for po- tential correlates of call diversity are： 1） diverticula （marginal outpocketings of the swimbladder with no connection to inner ear） and 2） elastic spring apparatus Mtillerian rami （ESA-Mr）. Within the doradid subfamilies and within the Auchenipteridae most species differed significantly in dominant frequency with frequency ranges overlapping to some extent for most. Doradid swim- bladder diverticula did not explain dominant frequency variation within the doradoid superfamily. Some doradids with conical ESA-Mr had the highest dominant frequency sounds. Auchenipterids included both relatively lower and higher dominant fre- quency sound producers but lacked diverticula and had discoidal ESA-Mr. Comparing a phylogeny of doradoid genera with out- group taxa, we infer that complex diverticula and conical ESA-Mr are derived characters within the Doradidae. Species repre- senting outgroup families produced either continuous lower dominant frequency sounds （aspredinids, mochokids and pseudopimelodids） or pulsed higher dominant frequency sounds （pimelodids） [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 171-188, 2012].

关键词： Catfishes Communication Signal evolution Vocal mechanisms

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Time Scale of Partial Melting of KLB-1 Peridotite: Constrained from Experimental Observation and Thermodynamic Models

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journal of Earth Science 2018年第2期29卷 245-254页

作者： Wei Du Li Li donald j.Weidner State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Mineral Physics Institute Department of Geosciences University of New York at Stony Brook

Partial melting experiments were carried on KLB-1 peridotite, a xenolith sample from the Earth＇s upper mantle, at 1.5 GPa and temperatures from 1 300 to 1 600 ℃, with heating time varies from 1 to 30 min. We quantify the axial temperature gradient in the deformation-DIA appa- ratus （D-DIA） and constrain the time scale of partial melting by comparing experimental observa- tions with calculated result from pMELTS program. The compositions of the liquid phase and the coexisting solid phases （clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine） agree well with those calculated from pMELTS program, suggesting that local chemical equilibrium achieves during partial melting, although longer heating time is required to homogenize the bulk sample. The Mg# （=Mg/（Mg＋Fe） moi.%） of olivines from the 1-minute heating experiment changed continuously along the axial of the graphite capsule. A thermal gradient of 50 ℃/mm was calculated by comparing the Mg# of oli- vine grains with the output of pMELTS program. Olivine grains at the hot end of the graphite cap- sule from the three experiments heated at 1 400 ℃ but with different annealing time show consis- tence on Mg#, indicating that partitioning of Fe2＋ between the olivine grains and the silicate melt happened fast, and partial melting occurs in seconds.

关键词： peridotite partial melting temperature gradient pMELTS program.

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Characterization of Kiwifruit Xyloglucan

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 933-941页

作者： Xingjun Li Naoki Sakurai donald j. Nevins Academy of the State Administration of Grains Beijing 100037 China Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-7-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8521 Japan Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Structural characteristics of xyloglucan are constant in the pericarp cell walls of kiwifruit （Actinidia deliciosa） throughout fruit enlargement and maturation. Most of the xyioglucan （XG） persists in the cell walls of ripe kiwifruit. XG from the pericarp tissues of 36-h ethylene-treated kiwifruit was extracted as hemicellulose Ⅱ （HC-Ⅱ） with 4.28 M KOH containing 0.02% NaBH4, and purified using iodine precipitation and subsequent anion-exchange chromatography. This purifying protocol increased XG purity from 50 mol% in HC-Ⅱ fraction to 62 mol% in the purified XG powder. The molar ratio of glucose： xylose： galactose： fucose in the purified XG was 10： 6.9： 2.1： 0.3. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that purified XG had an average molecular-mass of 161 KDa, a value that exceeds the 95 KDa Mr determined for total polymeric sugars. Sugar linkage analysis confirmed the lack of fucose in the kiwifruit XG, but a small amount of arabinoxylan and low Mr glucomannan remained associated with this fraction.

关键词： Actinidia deliciosa cell walls glucomannan hemicellulose sugar linkage analysis xyloglucan

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State of the art of friction modelling at interfaces subjected to elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)

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Friction 2021年第2期9卷 207-227页

作者： Zhuming BI donald W.MUELLER Chris W.j.ZHANG Civil and Mechanical Engineering Purdue University Fort WayneIN 46805USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon SK S7N 5A9Canada

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)is a type of fluid-film lubrication where hydrodynamic behaviors at contact surfaces are affected by both elastic deformation of surfaces and lubricant *** of contact interfaces under EHL is challenging due to high nonlinearity,complexity,and the multi-disciplinary *** paper aims to understand the state of the art of computational modelling of EHL by(1)examining the literature on modeling of contact surfaces under boundary and mixed lubricated conditions,(2)emphasizing the methods on the friction prediction occurring to contact surfaces,and(3)exploring the feasibility of using commercially available software tools(especially,Simulia/Abaqus)to predict the friction and wear at contact surfaces of objects with relative reciprocating motions.

关键词： elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) lubricant rheology finite element analysis(FEA) friction prediction Simulia/Abaqus surface roughness coefficient of friction(CoF)

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