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The landscape epidemiology of echinococcoses

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 107-119页

作者： Angela M.Cadavid Restrepo Yu Rong Yang donald P.McManus Darren j.Gray Patrick Giraudoux Tamsin S.Barnes Gail M.Williams Ricardo j.Soares Magalhães Nicholas A.S.Hamm Archie C.A.Clements Research School of Population Health The Australian National UniversityCanberraNew South WalesAustralia Ningxia Medical University YinchuanNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R.China Molecular Parasitology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Chrono-environment lab UMR6249University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRSBesançonFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance The University of Queensland School of Veterinary ScienceGattonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationGattonQueenslandAustralia School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Child Health Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Echinococcoses are parasitic diseases of maj.r public health importance *** infection results in chronic disease with poor prognosis and serious medical,social and economic consequences for vulnerable *** to recent estimates,the geographical distribution of Echinococcus *** is expanding and becoming an emerging and re-emerging problem in several regions of the *** endemicity is geographically heterogeneous and over time it may be affected by global environmental ***,landscape epidemiology offers a unique opportunity to quantify and predict the ecological risk of infection at multiple spatial and temporal ***,we review the most relevant environmental sources of spatial variation in human echinococcosis risk,and describe the potential applications of landscape epidemiological studies to characterise the current patterns of parasite transmission across natural and human-altered *** advocate future work promoting the use of this approach as a support tool for decision-making that facilitates the design,implementation and monitoring of spatially targeted interventions to reduce the burden of human echinococcoses in disease-endemic areas.

关键词： Landscape epidemiology Helminth infection Human echinococcosis Echinococcus spp Environmental change Geographic information systems Remote sensing Geostatistics

Development of an educational cartoon to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 240-248页

作者： Franziska A Bieri Li-Ping Yuan Yue-Sheng Li Yong-Kang He Andrew Bedford Robert S Li Feng-Ying Guo Sheng-Ming Li Gail M Williams donald P McManus Giovanna Raso Darren j.Gray QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia The School of Population Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control on Schistosomiasis in Lake RegionYueyangPeople’s Republic of China Andrew Bedford Creative Services BrisbaneAustralia Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire

Background:With more than two billion people infected worldwide,soil-transmitted helminths(STH)are the most widespread *** date,STH control efforts rely predominantly on recurrent mass drug administration(MDA),which does not prevent *** public health measures including novel health educational tools are required for more sustained integrated control of *** describe the development of an educational cartoon video(The Magic Glasses)targeting STH infections in Chinese schoolchildren and its pilot testing in *** applied an extensive community-based mixed methods approach involving input from the target group of 9–10 year old schoolchildren and key informants,such as teachers,doctors and parents,in order to identify potential STH infection risks in the study area and to formulate key messages for the *** development of the educational cartoon included three maj.r steps:formative research,production,and pilot testing and ***:We found that most adults and approximately 50%of the schoolchildren were aware of roundworm(Ascaris)infection,but knowledge of transmission,prevention and treatment of STH was *** in the study area showed that unhygienic food practices,such as eating raw and unwashed fruit or playing in vegetable gardens previously fertilised with human faeces,posed maj.r STH infection ***:It was crucial to assess the intellectual,emotional,social and cultural background of the target population prior to video production in order to integrate the key messages of the cartoon into everyday ***,our strategy for the development of the cartoon and its incorporation into a health education package proved successful,and we provide a summary of recommendations for the development of future educational videos based on our experiences in China.

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Neglected tropical diseases Health promotion Video-based health education package Development of educational cartoon Integrated control Formative research Pilot testing Sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminths

心血管MRI研究年龄及性别相关的正常左心室与左心房参数

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中国医学影像学杂志 2019年第3期27卷 167-173页

作者：何健龙陈燕罗琳 Ng Ming-Yen dudley Pennell 沈新平香港大学深圳医院医学影像科放射部广东深圳518000 香港大学李嘉诚医学院放射诊断学系香港999077 英国国家心肺研究所皇家布朗顿医院心血管生物医学研究部

目的采用MRI测量并制订中国成年人左心室和左心房的功能与结构正常参考值范围。资料与方法纳入100名20～69岁志愿者,均无心血管疾病症状及吸烟史,按年龄和性别进行分组,以10岁为一个年龄段,每个年龄段男、女各10名,均行心电图、血压、... 详细信息

目的采用MRI测量并制订中国成年人左心室和左心房的功能与结构正常参考值范围。资料与方法纳入100名20～69岁志愿者,均无心血管疾病症状及吸烟史,按年龄和性别进行分组,以10岁为一个年龄段,每个年龄段男、女各10名,均行心电图、血压、血液学检查和超声心电图检查,以确保其心血管系统完全正常。以1.5T MR扫描获取其水平长轴、垂直长轴和左心室短轴多层电影图像序列。由3名操作者独立测量左心室及左心房结构及功能参数,经严格的内部验证后,计算出原始的和指数化的参数参考值范围,并分析性别和年龄与各参数之间的关系。结果左心室收缩功能主要参数参考值为:舒张末期容积78.5～192.5 ml,收缩末期容积28.5～79.5 ml,每搏输出量45.3～119.7 ml,射血分数51.2%～69.6%,舒张末期心肌质量27.6～96.6 g,舒张末期容积指数57.3～104.3 ml/m^2。左心房结构:四腔心面积13.8～28.6 cm^2,四腔心面积指数8.2～17.2 cm^2/m^2。除左心室射血分数、左心房面积(四腔心)、左心房面积指数(二腔心)和左心房容积指数外,不同性别受检者各左心参数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男性左心室舒张末期容积、舒张末期容积指数与年龄呈弱负相关(r=-0.37～-0.30,P<0.05)。女性左心房面积指数(二腔心)和左心房容积指数与年龄呈弱正相关(r=0.28、0.30,P<0.05)。结论本研究建立了以性别和年龄分层的中国成年人左心室、左心房功能与结构参考值范围,对中国人群的心血管MRI临床应用和研究有重要参考意义。

关键词：磁共振成像心脏心房功能,左心房功能,右年龄因素性别因素参考值成年人中国

Combined pars plana vitrectomy and Baerveldt glaucoma implant placement for refractory glaucoma

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International j.urnal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第5期8卷 916-921页

作者： Thalmon R.Campagnoli Sung Soo Kim William E.Smiddy Steve j.Gedde donald L.Budenz Richard K.Parrish II Paul F.Palmberg William Feuer Wei Shi Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Gangnam Severance HospitalYonsei University College of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University of North Carolina

AIMTo evaluate outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy and Baerveldt glaucoma implant (PPV-BGI) placement for refractory *** medical records of 92 eyes (89 patients) that underwent PPV-BGI were retrospectively reviewed, including 43 eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and 49 eyes with other types of glaucoma (non-NVG).RESULTSOutcome measures were visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medical therapy, complications, and success [VA>hand motions (HM), IOP≥6 mm Hg and ≤21 mm Hg, no subsequent glaucoma surgery]. Cumulative success rates for the non-NVG group and NVG group were 79% and 40% at 1y, respectively (P=0.038). No difference in the rates of surgical success were found between pars plana and anterior chamber tube placement. Preoperative IOP (mean±SD) was 30.3±11.7 mm Hg in the Non-NVG group and 40.0±10.6 mm Hg in the NVG group, and IOP was reduced to 15±9.5 mm Hg in the non-NVG group and 15±10.5 mm Hg in the NVG at 1y. Number of glaucoma medications (mean±SD) decreased from 2.7±1.3 in the non-NVG group and 2.8±1.3 in the NVG group preoperatively to 0.76±1.18 in the non-NVG group and 0.51±1.00 in the NVG group at 1y. Improvement in VA of ≥2 Snellen lines was observed in 25 (27%) eyes, although only 33% of non-NVG eyes and 2.3% of NVG eyes maintained VA better than 20/200 at 1y. Nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage was the most common postoperative complication occurring in 16 (17%) eyes, and postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhages developed in 5 (5.4%) ***-BGI is a viable surgical option for eyes with refractory glaucoma, but visual outcomes are frequently poor because of ocular comorbidities, especially in eyes with NVG. The location of tube placement does not influence surgical outcome and should be left to the discretion of the surgeon.

关键词： glaucoma drainage device pars plana vitrectomy refractory glaucoma neovascular glaucoma

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水库大坝地震后特别检查(英文)

岩土工程学报 2008年第11期30卷 1661-1668页

作者： Martin Wieland Norihiso Matsumoto Ian Landon-j.nes donald Babbitt Chairman ICOLD Committee on Seismic Aspects of Dam DesignPoyry Energy Ltd.ZurichSwitzerland Vice-President of ICOLD AdvisorJapan Dam Engineering CenterMinatoTokyoJapan General Manager of Dam Safety Sydney Catchment AuthoritySydneyAustralia Dam Consultant SacramentoCaliforniaUSA

地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度B... 详细信息

地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度Bhuj.震,有240多座水库大坝(主要为小型的土石坝)因遭受破坏而需要除险加固。另外,2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的8级地震,有1580多座水库大坝遭受到不同程度的破坏。2008年6月14日日本Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku7.2级地震发生后,对其涉及的134座水库大坝进行了地震后特别检查。通常,负责大坝安全的部门需要通过调查对震损水库的安全状况进行评估,进行调查时最好使用检查表。2008年国际大坝委员会对使用了20a的地震后水坝检查导则进行了全面修订,其中包括土石坝及混凝土坝的震后检查表。介绍了导则修改后的特点,并希望提供的检查表不仅应用于水库大坝的震后检查,也可应用于水库大坝一般检查。

关键词：大坝安全大坝检查强振仪地震破坏

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对虾传染性肌肉坏死病研究进展

海洋科学 2009年第9期33卷 89-91页

作者：闫冬春 Kathy F.j.Tang donald V.Lightner 鲁东大学生命科学学院山东烟台264025 Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology University of Arizona

对虾传染性肌肉坏死病(infectious myonecrosis,IMN)最初于2002年8月爆发于巴西Piaui州的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场,并很快在巴西东北沿岸蔓延开来,目前已传至亚洲.2004年,经美国亚利桑那大学(University of Arizona)水... 详细信息

对虾传染性肌肉坏死病(infectious myonecrosis,IMN)最初于2002年8月爆发于巴西Piaui州的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖场,并很快在巴西东北沿岸蔓延开来,目前已传至亚洲.2004年,经美国亚利桑那大学(University of Arizona)水产病害实验室研究,该病为一种新的对虾疾病,根据其症状,暂定名为传染性肌肉坏死病.

关键词：肌肉坏死病凡纳滨对虾传染性亚利桑那大学水产病害对虾疾病养殖场实验室

Homogeneous Distribution of <i>Escherichia coli</i>Measured within the Vertical Water Column of Small, Freshwater Streams

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j.urnal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第5期7卷 410-421页

作者： David. W. Buckalew Albert. j. Tuono Amanda. K. Simmons Travis. W. Lankford donald. H. Smith Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Longwood University Farmville VA USA Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Richmond VA USA

Sampling for coliform bacterial indicators such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) provides a universally accepted gauge of the microbiologic quality of fresh surface waters worldwide. Protocols for the capture, preservation, and analysis of indicator bacteria collected from moving waters (e.g., rivers, streams, canals, etc.) parallel those for collecting bacteria from standing waters (e.g., ponds, lakes, and impoundments). Strict depth- and width-integrated rules established for testing moving waters are likely a result of the historical precedence of our knowledge of bacterial stratification in standing waters. Sampling protocols for indicator bacteria in freshwater streams recommend capture and retrieval of samples from the mid-water column directed into the current and within the deepest portion of the channel to prevent collection of either benthic particles or surface films. Chi-square analyses of multiple stratified samples captured on the same date and time reveal that variability in sampling position at specified depths within the main stream column or within randomly chosen locations within the main stream channel has no effect (p ≥ 0.25) upon such indicator bacteria numbers. Additionally, these data are the first to show that concentrations of the common bacterial indicator, E. coli, are homogeneously distributed throughout both lateral area and vertical water column within/near a single sampling location of a moving water body up to 245 cubic feet per second (cfs) discharge. Moreover, one data point (bacterial sample) appears to represent the overall bacterial concentration of a small freshwater stream obtained from any single sampling location within/near the main channel for a given date and time. These findings suggest some latitude in sampling strategies for assessing small freshwater streams for indicator bacteria such as E. coli for workers in both environmental and public health fields.

关键词： Indicator Bacteria Stratification Water Monitoring E. coli

Quantum Neutron Unit Gravity

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j.urnal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2017年第2期3卷 267-276页

作者： donald Chakeres Vola Andrianarij.ona Department of Radiology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA Department of Physics and Engineering Pacific Union College Angwin CA USA

Quantum gravity and the transformation of a neutron star or the merger of two neutron stars into a black hole are important topics in cosmology. According to the Schwarzschild radius relationship, a black hole arises when two times of the gravitational binding energy of the gravitational system, GBE, equal the annihilation energy of its total mass. From a quantum perspective, the integer number of neutrons defines the GBE and mass in the merger of binary pure neutron stars transforming to a black hole. Therefore, one can scale all gravitational binding energy relationships by using neutron mass, energy, distance, time, or frequency equivalents. We define ?of the neutron as the binding energy, 1.4188 × 10󔼹 j. of a virtual system of two neutrons separated by the neutron Compton wavelength. The??divided by a neutron’s rest mass energy represents a fundamental, dimensionless proportionality constant, 9.4252 × 10󔼰, . The square root of , αG, which we introduce here as a coupling constant, is identical in concept to the fine structure constant found in electromagnetic physics, but for gravity. Both αG and ?inter-relate the neutron, proton, electron, Bohr radius, speed of light, Planck’s constant, GBE of the electron in hydrogen, and Planck time. This paper demonstrates a direct conceptual and computational rationale of why the neutron and its negative beta decay quantum products accurately can represent a quantum gravitational natural unit system.

关键词： Quantum Gravity Neutron Black Holes Neutron Stars

Evolution:Back to the future to understand and control prostate cancer

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2014年第1期1卷 4-11页

作者： donald S.Coffey Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMDUSA

*** I am most honored to be asked to contribute to the Asian j.urnal of Urology(Aj.).For many years Asian urologists and investigators have provided maj.r contributions to Urology.I applaud and salute this great *** n... 详细信息

关键词： cancer moment. Evolution