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物理 2004年第8期33卷 608-613页

作者： Bretislav Friedrich dudley Herschbach 曹则贤中国科学院物理研究所北京100080

斯特恩-盖拉赫实验的故事揭示了坚韧的品格、意外与运气有时候是如何以碰巧正确的方式组合的.

关键词：斯特恩盖拉赫量子物理斯特恩-盖拉赫实验劣质卷烟空间量子化

Corneal Wavefront Aberrations in Patients Wearing Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses for Myopia Control

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Open j.urnal of Ophthalmology 2012年第3期2卷 45-53页

作者： Frank Spors donald j. Egan j.e Shen Lance E. McNaughton Stuart Mann Neil M. Patel College of Optometry Pomona CA Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in corneal wavefront aberrations in young adults who have been fit with multifocal soft contact lenses for myopia progression control. Findings have been analyzed for statistical significance and clinical relevance and compared to reportedly successful Orthokeratology outcomes. Methods: The dominant eye of 40 participants (27 women, 13 men;mean age 27.3 ± 3.2 years;range 23 to 39 years) was fit with Proclear Multifocal center distance lenses (Coopervision, Pleasanton, USA) having a variety of distance powers and reading additions. Refractive errors were limited to a range of –6.00 D up to +1.00 D of sphere, and no greater than –1.00 D of cylinder. Corneal wavefront measurements were performed over 6 mm diameters with a Zeiss Atlas 9000 corneal topographer (Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, USA) prior to, and following lens fitting. Data were converted into rectangular Fourier optics terms M, j., j.5 and RMS values for each reading addition were statistically analyzed. Following evaluation of statistical significance and clinical relevance, results were compared to published data from successful Orthokeratology treatments. Results: Statistically significant changes in higher order aberrations were detected for lenses of all reading additions. Lens groups with higher Add-powers demonstrated stronger changes with increased significance. Final RMS values relating to 2nd, 3rd and 4th Zernike Orders reached clinical significance with a wavefront error of 0.10 μm, the equivalent of 0.25D. Moreover, as Add-powers increased, 3rd and 4th order aberrations likewise showed an increase. Pre-fitting astigmatism values accounted for the highest recorded aberrations and remained predominantly unchanged. Conclusion: Proclear Multifocal center-distance contact lenses were found to increase higher order wavefront aberrations in a manner dependent on their Add-power. In comparison to successful Orthokeratology outcomes, the amounts of

关键词： Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses Wavefront Aberrations Myopia Myopia Progression Control Orthokeratology Zernike Polynomials

Adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of frail hypertensive patients

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j.urnal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第2期15卷 153-161页

作者： Beata j.nkowska-Polanska Karolina Zameta Izabella Uchmanowicz Anna Szymanska-Chabowska donald Morisky Grzegorz Mazur Department of Clinical Nursing Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland Department of lnternal Medicine Occupational Diseases Hypertension and Oncology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland Department of Community Health Sciences UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles USA

Obj.ctive To investigate the relationship between frailty syndrome （FS） and adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension. Methods The study included 100 patients diagnosed with hypertension and treated with one or more hypotensive drugs. Results Frail patients obtained low scores （4.1 ± 2.0） for adherence to pharmaceutical treatment of hypertension, while non-frail patients obtained moderate scores （6.1 ± 2.1）. Non-frail patients had higher scores in two out of four domains of the Health Behavior Inventory （HBI）： positive mental attitudes （3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.006） and health practices （3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5; P 〈 0.03）; as well as higher global scores （HBI raw score）： 83.3 ±10.6 vs. 77.3 ± 9.5; P 〈 0.03. Multiple regression analysis showed that frailty syndrome （FS） was a statistically significant independent determinant of worse adherence to pharmacological treatment （β= -0.27; P 〈 0.001） and health behaviors （β = -0.10; P = 0.036）. Education was a statistically significant independent determinant of better adherence to pharmacological treatment （β = 0.82; P = 0.012）, while net income positively affected health behaviors as measured by the HBI （β = 0.39; P = 0.046）. Conclusions FS is a significant independent factor contributing to worse adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Better education significantly improves patients＇ adherence to the prescribed pharmacological treatment, while a good financial standing evidenced by high net income is a determinant of better adherence to health-related behaviors recommended in hypertension treatment.

关键词： Adherence Elderly Frailty syndrome Non-pharmacological treatment

Reactions with Criegee intermediates are the dominant gas-phase sink for formyl fluoride in the atmosphere

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Fundamental Research 2024年第5期4卷 1216-1224页

作者： Yu Xia Bo Long Ai Liu donald G.Truhlar College of Materials Science and Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China Department of Chemistry Chemical Theory Centerand Minnesota Supercomputing InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455-0431United States

Atmospheric oxidation processes are of central importance in atmospheric climate *** is often considered that volatile organic molecules are mainly removed by hydroxyl radical;however,the kinetics of some reactions of hydroxyl radical with volatile organic molecules are *** we report rate constants for rapid reactions of formyl fluoride with Criegee *** rate constants are calculated by dual-level multistructural canonical variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling(DL-MS-CVT/SCT).The treatment contains beyond-CCSD(T)electronic structure calculations for transition state theory,and it employs validated density functional input for multistructural canonical variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling and for variable-reaction-coordinate variational transition state *** find that the M11-L density functional has higher accuracy than CCSD(T)/CBS for the HC(O)F+CH2OO and HC(O)F+anti-CH_(3)CHOO *** find significant negative temperature dependence in the ratios of the rate constants for HC(O)F+CH2OO/anti-CH_(3)CHOO to the rate constant for HC(O)F+*** also find that different Criegee intermediates have different rate-determining-steps in their reactions with formyl fluoride,and we find that the dominant gas-phase removal mechanism for HC(O)F in the atmosphere is the reaction with CH2OO and/or anti-CH_(3)CHOO Criegee intermediates.

关键词： Atmospheric oxidation capacity Criegee intermediates Formyl fluoride Reaction kinetics CCSDT(Q)/CBS calculations

Selecting SNP markers reflecting population origin for cacao(Theobroma cacao L.)germplasm identification

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Beverage Plant Research 2021年第1期1卷 133-141页

作者： Osman A.Gutiérrez Kathleen Martinez Dapeng Zhang donald S.Livingstone Chris j.Turnbull j.an Carlos Motamayor USDA-ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Station 13601 Old Cutler RoadMiamiFL 33158USA USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterSPCL10300 Baltimore AvenueBldg.001Rm.223BARC-WBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Mars Wrigley Plant Science Laboratory DavisCA 95616USA School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingRG66ARUK Universal GeneticSolutions LLCOrlandoFLUSA

Cacao is one of the most economically important agricultural commodities in the world,providing the principal ingredient for the global chocolate *** genotype identification is essential for effective conservation and utilization of cacao ***,we report the screening of 956 candidate SNPs,pre-selected from the 6 and 15K Theobroma cacao SNP Arrays using targeted Genotyping-by-Sequencing on 451 cacao germplasm accessions,representing ten known genetic groups from the tropical *** on call rate(No call rate0.15)and Linkage Disequilibrium(LD≤0.5),a total of 219 SNPs were *** efficacy of these SNP markers for population classification was compared with the previous SSR-based analysis in *** population assignment results of the retained 420 cacao accessions was highly comparable with the SSR *** matrix of genetic distance between SSR and SNP markers is highly correlated(r=0.718;Pj.ct for the development of SNP markers reflecting population origin for cacao germplasm *** SNP markers and the selected reference germplasm for different populations are suitable for use in cacao germplasm management and crop improvement,including genotype identification,seed gardens and nursery accreditation,and cocoa *** is being continued with the emphasis on selecting SNP markers for the detection of sub-population structures in the primary gene pool of ***.

关键词： germplasm origin continued

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生物利用度和生物等效性研究的设计

药学进展 1991年第3期15卷 156-161页

作者： donald j.SCHUIRMANN 闻玉玲

生物利用度和生物等效性研究得到的血药浓度或尿药浓度数据最显著的特征之一就是个体差异极大,故在大多数情况下选择交叉设计来进行这项研究。在大多数情况下,生物利用度和生物等效性研究应按照平行设计的原则进行,但偶而可以例外。然而... 详细信息

生物利用度和生物等效性研究得到的血药浓度或尿药浓度数据最显著的特征之一就是个体差异极大,故在大多数情况下选择交叉设计来进行这项研究。在大多数情况下,生物利用度和生物等效性研究应按照平行设计的原则进行,但偶而可以例外。然而,由于个体差异很大,这样的研究所需的样本规模通常是有限制的。

关键词：生物利用度生物等效性设计

Development of a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to characterize the thermoregulatory effects of serotonergic drugs in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 492-503页

作者： Xi-Ling j.ang Hong-Wu Shen donald E.Mager Stephan Schmidt Ai-Ming Yu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New York Department of Pharmaceutics Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems PharmacologyUniversity of Florida Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine UC Davis School of Medicine2700 Stockton Boulevard

We have shown recently that concurrent harmaline,a monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor(MAOI),potentiates serotonin(5-HT) receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine(5-Me O-DMT)-induced *** obj.ctive of this study was to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic(PK/PD) model to characterize and predict the thermoregulatory effects of such serotonergic drugs in *** thermoregulation was described by a mechanism-based indirect-response model with adaptive feedback ***-induced hypothermia and 5-Me O-DMT–elicited hyperthermia were attributable to the loss of heat through the activation of 5-HT1 Areceptor and thermogenesis via the stimulation of 5-HT2 Areceptor,*** serotonergic 5-Me O-DMT–induced hyperthermia was readily distinguished from handling/inj.ction stress-provoked hyperthermic *** PK/PD model was able to simultaneously describe all experimental data including the impact of drug-metabolizing enzyme status on5-Me O-DMT and harmaline PK properties,and drug- and stress-induced simple hypo/hyperthermic and complex biphasic ***,the modeling results revealed a 4-fold decrease of apparent SC_(50) value(1.88–0.496 mmol/L) for 5-Me O-DMT when harmaline was co-administered,providing a quantitative assessment for the impact of concurrent MAOI harmaline on 5-Me ODMT–induced *** addition,the hyperpyrexia caused by toxic dose combinations of harmaline and 5-Me O-DMT were linked to the increased systemic exposure to harmaline rather than5-Me O-DMT,although the body temperature profiles were mispredicted by the *** results indicate that current PK/PD model may be used as a new conceptual framework to define the impact of serotonergic agents and stress factors on thermoregulation.

关键词： PK/PD model Thermoregulation Indolealkylamine Serotonin Monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor Stress

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特朗普的成功之道

Radial artery pseudoaneurysm diagnosed by pointof-care ultrasound five days after transradial catheterization: A case report

作者：唐纳德·j. 特朗普(donald j. Trump) 梅雷迪思·麦基弗(Meredith Mclver)

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World j.urnal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 223-226页

作者： Stephen Alerhand donald Apakama Adam Nevel Bret P.Nelson Emergency Medicine Department Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Dear editor,Radial artery pseudoaneurysm from arterial wall disruption is an extremely rare complication of arterial *** prior case reports describe this complication occurring from continuous blood pressure monitoring or serial blood-gas analysis requiring extended *** increasing use of radial artery access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)introduces another susceptible patient population.[1–4]We report a case of a 57-year-old female with right radial artery pseudoaneurysm,diagnosed by bedside ultrasound(US)in the emergency department(ED)five days after transradial cardiac catheterization.

关键词： point-of-care Radial artery pseudoaneurysm

Orthopaedic education in the era of surgical simulation: Still at the crawling stage

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2017年第4期8卷 290-294页

作者： Kivanc Atesok Peter Mac donald j.ff Leiter j.mes Dubberley Richard Satava Ann Van Heest Shepard Hurwitz j.Lawrence Marsh Department of Surgery Section of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba Department of Surgery University of Wash-ington Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Minnesota Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of North Carolina Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa

Surgical skills education is in the process of a crucial transformation from a master-apprenticeship model to simulation-based training. Orthopaedic surgery is one of the surgical specialties where simulation-based skills training needs to be integrated into the curriculum efficiently and urgently. The reason for this strong and pressing need is that orthopaedic surgery covers broad human anatomy and pathologies and requires learning enormously diverse surgical procedures including basic and advanced skills. Although the need for a simulationbased curriculum in orthopaedic surgery is clear, several obstacles need to be overcome for a smooth transformation. The main issues to be addressed can be summarized as defining the skills and procedures so that simulation-based training will be most effective; choosing the right time period during the course of orthopaedic training for exposure to simulators; the right amount of such exposure; using obj.ctive, valid and reliable metrics to measure the impact of simulation-based training on the development and progress of surgical skills; and standardization of the simulation-based curriculum nationwide and internationally. In the new era of surgical education, successful integration of simulation-based surgical skills training into the orthopaedic curriculum will depend on efficacious solutions to these obstacles in moving forward.

关键词： Surgical simulation Orthopaedic surgery Education Skills training