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A behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows

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journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 814-826页

作者： Betty R.Mcconn Allan P.schinckel Lindsey Robbins Brianna N.Gaskill Angela R.Green‑Miller donald c.lay jr.jay s.jo.nson Oak Ridge Institute for science and Education Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Animal sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA UsDA-ARs Livestock Behavior Research Unit West LafayetteIN 47907USA.

Background:Although thermal indices have been proposed for swine,none to our knowledge differentiate by reproductive stage or predict thermal comfort using behavioral and physiological *** study objective was to develop a behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in multiparous(3.28±0.81)non-pregnant(n=11),mid-gestation(n=13),and late-gestation(n=12)***:Regression analyses were performed using PROc MIXED in sAs 9.4 to determine the optimal environmental indicator[dry bulb temperature(TDB)and dew point]of heat stress(Hs)in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and lategestation sows with respiration rate(RR)and body temperature(TB)successively used as the dependent variable in a cubic function.A linear relationship was observed for skin temperature(T_(s))indicating that TDB rather than the sow Hs response impacted T_(s)and so T_(s)was excluded from further *** stage was significant for all analyses(Pstress thresholds for each reproductive stage were calculated using the inflections points of RR for mild Hs and TB for moderate and severe *** Hs inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 25.5,25.1,and 24.0℃,*** Hs inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 28.1,27.8,and 25.5℃,*** Hs inflection points were similar for non-pregnant and mid-gestation sows(32.9℃)but differed for late-gestation sows(30.8℃).These data were integrated with previously collected behavioral thermal preference data to estimate the TDB that non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows found to be cool(TDBce range),comfortable(TDB=TDB preference range),and warm(TDB preference ranges).conclusions:The results of this study provide valuable information about thermal comfort and thermal stress thresholds in sows at three reproductive *** dev

关键词： Decision support Gestation Heat stress Management sows Thermal index

Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu cui Lu Qi Mihnea surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El Haddad jay G.slowik Andre s.H.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(sOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the sOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOcs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOcs) are efficient sOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to sOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study sOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOcs can contribute ～70% of the formed sOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOcs. This previously missing sOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOcs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that sOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOcs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

stabilization and detection of labile reaction intermediates in supramolecular containers

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chinese chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 47-52页

作者： Rui Wang Yang Liang Julius Rebek jr. Yang Yu center for supramolecular chemistry&catalysis and Department of chemistry College of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China skaggs Institute for chemical Biology and Department of chemistry The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037United States

Detection and observation of reactive intermediates is an essential step in investigation of reaction ***,most reactive intermediates are unstable and present at low concentrations;their short lifetimes make them difficult to detect and *** containers offer opportunities for the stabilization and characterization of those labile species,through isolation from the media and protection inside the cavity of the *** this review,we summarize the examples of labile reaction intermediates that are stabilized and characterized with the help of supramolecular *** container compounds include carcerands,deep cavitands and amide *** focus on unstable guest species-cyclobutadiene,benzocyclopropenone,o-benzyne,1,2,4,6-cycloheptatetraene,anti-Bredt's olefin,fluorophenoxycarbene,O-acylisoamide,and hemiaminalthat act as intermediates in certain organic reactions.

关键词： supramolecular containers Reaction intermediates Labile species stabilization short-lived species detection supramolecular chemistry

A brief history of the compendium of Physical Activities

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journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth stephen D.Herrmann David R.Jacobs jr. Melicia c.Whitt-Glover catrine Tudor-Locke school of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China college of Health solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA college of Health and Human services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The compendium of Physical Activities(compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(cHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

Localized-states quantum confinement induced by roughness in cdMnTe/cdTe heterostructures grown on si(111) substrates

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journal of semiconductors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonarde N.Rodrigues Wesley F.Inoch Marcos L.F.Gomes Odilon D.D.couto jr. Bráulio s.Archanjo sukarno O.Ferreira Physics Department Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of almost 20%, cdMnTe/cdTe/cdMnTe heterostructures grown directly on si(111) have surprisingly good optical emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the cdTe layer thickness and have different confinement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to defects and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-defined (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of sharp and strongly circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of producing photon sources with the typical spin control of the diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： cdMnTe/cdTe/cdMnTe heterostructure cdTe/cdMnTe quantum emitters quantum dot-like emission silicon(111)substrate

Neuropsychological detection and prediction using machine learning algorithms: a comprehensive review

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智慧医学（英文） 2024年第3期04卷 177-187页

作者： shah Manan shandilya Ananya Patel Kirtan Mehta Manya sanghavi jay Pandya Aum Department of chemical Engineering School of Energy Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar Gujarat India Walt Whitman High school Bethesda Maryland USA st. Kabir school Ahmedabad Gujarat India Anand Niketan school Ahmedabad Gujarat India Department of computer Engineering School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar Gujarat India

Neuropsychological disorders (e.g., dementia, epilepsy, brain cancer, autism, stroke, and multiple sclerosis) adversely affect the quality of life of patients and their families;moreover, in some instances, they may lead to loss of life. The primary aim was to evaluate and compare the use of machine learning in neuropsychological research in contrast to traditional approaches such as through case studies. This was achieved by referring to earlier studies on this subject. This article presented the use of support vector machines (sVMs) and convolutional neural networks (cNN) for detecting and predicting neuropsychological diseases, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. challenges in using these models include data availability, quality, variability, model interpretability, and validation. Experimental findings have demonstrated the potential of these models in this field. It has been shown that sVM models are robust and efficient in processing and classifying data, particularly in neuroimaging applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). cNNs have excelled in handling visual input;thus, they have been used in neuroimaging segregation, recognition, and classification, with applications in brain tumor segmentation, radiation therapy, robotic neurosurgery, and disease prediction. Future research will explore asymmetric differences among left- and right-handed patients, incorporate longitudinal studies, and utilize larger sample sizes. The use of machine learning models has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychological diseases, allowing for early detection and intervention. This approach could offer significant advantages to healthcare, such as cost-effective diagnosis and treatment, to help save lives and preserve the quality of life of patients.

关键词： Machine learning Neuropsychological support vector machine convolution neural network

ca^(2+) binding to the c_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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Protein & cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang Loujin slitin Jakob Neef shashank s.chepurwar Regina célia Mingroni Netto Karina Lezirovitz Alfredo Tabith,jr. Fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch carolin Wichmann Nicola strenzke Barbara Vona Julia Preobraschenski Tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany collaborative Research center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and synaptic Nanophysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of synapses Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory systems Physiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIc Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging cluster of Excellence(MBExc) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synapses of cochlear inner hair cells(IHcs)employ a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in supplementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key player in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synaptopathy(Moser and starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-c_(2)-domain protein(Fig.1Ai)specific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin protein family involved in membrane trafficking and repair that are of major disease relevance(Pangršičet al.,2012),also see supplementary *** is distributed broadly within IHcs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;Pangrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

Biliary complications associated with weight loss,cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第4期15卷 1-8页

作者： Marcelo A Ribeiro jr Gabriela K Tebar Helena B Niero Leticia s Pacheco Department of surgery Division of TraumaCritical Care and Acute Care SurgerySheikh Shakhbout Medical CityAbu Dhabi 11001United Arab Emirates Department of surgery Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo-Campus SorocabaSorocaba 18030070SPBrazil

Biliary complications like cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis are more common in bariatric surgery patients due to obesity and rapid weight *** with a body mass index>40 face an eightfold risk of developing *** surgery,especially after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB),30%of patients develop biliary disease due to rapid weight *** aim of this review is to analyze the main biliary complications that occur after bariatric surgery and its management.A review of the literature was conducted mainly from 2010 up to 2023 with regard to biliary complications associated with bariatric patients in sciELO,PubMed,and *** undergoing LRYGB have a higher incidence(14.5%)of symptomatic calculi post-surgery compared to those undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at 4.1%.Key biliary complications within 6 to 12 months post-surgery include:cholelithiasis:36%;Biliary colic/dyskinesia:3.86%;Acute cholecystitis:0.98%-18.1%;chronic cholecystitis:70.2%;choledocholithiasis:0.2%-5.7%and Pancreatitis:0.46%-9.4%.surgeons need to be aware of these complications and consider surgical treatments based on patient symptoms to enhance their quality of life.

关键词： Bariatric surgery complications choledocholithiasis cholelithiasis Acute cholecystitis

Advancements in catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Modern Research in catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Gerald D. s. Quoie jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira Varney Kromah state Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Reduction Ammonia sustainable Farming catalysts