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Assessing Capacity and Implementation Status of the Disaster Risk Management Strategy for Health and Community Disaster Resilience in Malawi

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 673-688页

作者： Ozius Dewa donald Makoka Olalekan A.Ayo-Yusuf Southern Africa Resilience Innovation Lab(SARiLab) School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002GautengSouth Africa Centre for Agricultural Research and Development Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLilongweCentral RegionMalawi

Floods are among the most frequently occurring natural hazards in Malawi,often with public health *** mixed methods study assessed the capacity for and implementation status of the disaster risk management(DRM)strategy for the health sector in Malawi,using flooding in the Nsanje District as a *** were collected using desk review and a workshop methodology involving key officials from government ministries,national and international development partners,and the *** results show that Malawi had recently strengthened its DRM institutional frameworks,with a pronounced policy shift from reactive to proactive management of *** sector personnel and structures were key contributors in the design and implementation of DRM activities at all *** partners played a significant role in strengthening DRM coordination and implementation *** of funding and the limited availability,and often fragmented nature,of vulnerability and risk assessment data were identified as key *** human resource capacity and inadequate planning processes at district level impeded full implementation of DRM *** findings call for community-level interventions for improved coordination,planning,and human resource capacity to strengthen community disaster resilience and improve public *** approach used in this study can serve as a model framework for other districts in Malawi,as well as in other low-and middle-income countries in the context of Sendai Framework implementation.

关键词： Community disaster resilience Disaster risk management Health Malawi Policy

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Output Constrained Adaptive Controller Design for Nonlinear Saturation Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第2期8卷 441-454页

作者： Yongliang Yang Zhijie Liu Qing Li donald C.Wunsch the Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education School of Automation and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409 USA

This paper considers the adaptive neuro-fuzzy control scheme to solve the output tracking problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear *** asymmetric output constraints and input saturation are *** asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function with time-varying prescribed performance is presented to tackle the output-tracking error constraints.A high-gain observer is employed to relax the requirement of the Lipschitz continuity about the nonlinear *** avoid the"explosion of complexity",the dynamic surface control(DSC)technique is employed to filter the virtual control signal of each *** deal with the actuator saturation,an additional auxiliary dynamical system is *** is theoretically investigated that the parameter estimation and output tracking error are semi-global uniformly ultimately *** simulation examples are conducted to verify the presented adaptive fuzzy controller design.

关键词： Asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function input saturation Nussbaum function time-varying prescribed performance

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Phytochemistry, anti-asthmatic and antioxidant activities of Anchomanes difformis(Blume) Engl. leaf extract

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 225-231页

作者： Ovuakporie-Uvo Oghale Mac donald Idu Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Benin

Objective: To study the phytochemistry, anti-asthmatic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Anchomanes difformis(Blume) Engl.(A. difformis) and to verify claims of use in folk ***: For anti-asthmatic activity, male and female guinea pigs with average body weight of(451.4 ± 118.1) g were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group 1served as control(distilled water); Group 2 was administered with salbutamol(reference drug) only; Group 3 served as ovalbumin sensitized group, Group 4, 5 and 6 were treated with A. difformis extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Described methods were used to test fluid viscosity, fluid volume and quantitative phytochemistry analysis. Absorbance was read using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer and results computed in percentage. Total antioxidant assays [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and lipid peroxidation assay], were carried out using reported ***: The anti-asthmatic evaluation showed that protection from asthma of the animals in Group 6(400 mg/kg, 32.7%) were similar to that in Group 2(salbutamol, 33.0%).Excised trachea was free of mucus secretion in Group 5(200 mg/kg) as was observed in the control group. Fluid volume increase in Groups 3 and 6 indicated mucus *** radical scavenging activity of extract was effective as ascorbic acid which served as standard at 20 mg/m L. But, the extract elicited low lipid peroxidation activity compared with the reference(tocopherol) at concentrations ***: A. difformis aqueous leaf extract is safe and possesses positive antiasthmatic and antioxidant activities as claimed by traditional herbal practitioners in Delta State.

关键词： Anti-asthmatic Anti-oxidant Phytochemistry Anchomanes difformis

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Bioacoustic variation of swimbladder disturbance sounds in Neotropical doradoid catfishes （Siluriformes： Doradidae, Auchenipteridae）： Potential morphological correlates

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 171-188页

作者： Kaatz, Ingrid M. Stewart, donald J. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Swimbladder disturbance sounds of doradoid catfishes (Doradidae and Auchenipteridae) demonstrated striking waveform and spectrographic variation. We surveyed sounds of 25 doradoid species in 20 genera comparing these to sounds of four vocal outgroup catfish families. Sounds were either continuous waveforms (lacking interpulses) or pulsed (groups of pulses repeated at fixed temporal intervals). This is the first evidence for swimbladder calls with fixed interpulse patterns in catfishes. Vocal mechanism components that were similar between doradids and auchenipterids included: swimbladder shape, swimbladder dimensions and sonic muscle-somatic index. Morphological traits that showed variation among taxa and were evaluated for potential correlates of call diversity are: 1) diverticula (marginal outpocketings of the swimbladder with no connection to inner ear) and 2) elastic spring apparatus Müllerian rami (ESA-Mr). Within the doradid subfamilies and within the Auchenipteridae most species differed significantly in dominant frequency with frequency ranges overlapping to some extent for most. Doradid swim-bladder diverticula did not explain dominant frequency variation within the doradoid superfamily. Some doradids with conical ESA-Mr had the highest dominant frequency sounds. Auchenipterids included both relatively lower and higher dominant frequency sound producers but lacked diverticula and had discoidal ESA-Mr. Comparing a phylogeny of doradoid genera with out-group taxa, we infer that complex diverticula and conical ESA-Mr are derived characters within the Doradidae. Species representing outgroup families produced either continuous lower dominant frequency sounds (aspredinids, mochokids and pseu-dopimelodids) or pulsed higher dominant frequency sounds (pimelodids).

关键词：形态特征声音特征相关干扰鲇鱼鳔热带欧空局

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Current view of neurotransmitter changes underlying tinnitus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 368-370页

作者： Augustine C.Lee donald A.Godfrey Department of Neurology University of Toledo College of Medicine Division of Otolaryngology and Dentistry Department of SurgeryUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine

Tinnitus is the perception of a monotonous sound not present in the environment. Nearly 20% of the U.S. population suffers from tinnitus, and tinnitus has been reported to be the most prevalent service-connected disability of all U.S. veterans （Henry et al., 2005; Eggermont, 2012; Veterans Benefits Administration, 2014）. Many types of peripheral injury have been understood to induce tinnitus, including damage to the cochlea by intense sound or ototoxic medications and destruction of the auditory nerve by cochlear ablation or nerve transection （Lee and God- frey, 2014）. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which tin- nitus develops are only poorly understood. In order to further clarify the pathogenesis, a need has been expressed for a better understanding of the rebalancing of excitatory and inhibitory signaling mechanisms that occur after peripheral injury （Gold and Bajo, 2014）. One of the current, prominent hypotheses of tinnitus development is that, after being triggered by peripheral injury, tinnitus may result from a maladaptation of the central auditory system to this peripheral dysfunction （Auerbach et al., 2014）, and that one of the mechanisms by which this occurs is a decrease in inhibitory neurotransmission. The major struc- tures that play a role in transmitting neural activity through the ascending central auditory system include the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex of the pons-medulla region, the inferior colliculus of the midbrain, the medial geniculate nude- us of the thalamus, and the auditory cortex.

关键词： Current view of neurotransmitter changes underlying tinnitus

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心理学胜过教育学:评中国的“新教育实验”

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华东师范大学学报（教育科学版） 2022年第10期40卷 91-99页

作者： [美]唐纳德·伯格(donald A.Berg) 深度学习倡导者联盟美国俄勒冈97068

盖洛普民调显示,在世界范围内,由于中小学教育中的“远离学习”会进一步导致职场中“远离工作”的问题,这会给全球生产力带来每年高达7万亿美元的损失。朱永新教授在他的China’s New Education Experiment in Action一书中,讲述了遵循... 详细信息

盖洛普民调显示,在世界范围内,由于中小学教育中的“远离学习”会进一步导致职场中“远离工作”的问题,这会给全球生产力带来每年高达7万亿美元的损失。朱永新教授在他的China’s New Education Experiment in Action一书中,讲述了遵循他们的原则的创新学校所取得成功的各种故事。近年来在教育领域鲜为人知的心理学研究发现,将有助于进一步解释朱教授的新教育实验为什么能取得成功。通过将重点放在学生的积极性和参与度上,应用新教育实验原则的学校既能帮助学生取得学业成就,又能使其“过上快乐、完整的教育生活”。展望未来,所有的教育变革,无论它们发生在哪里,都将面临着挑战。在新教育实验中,这些学校在迎接不可避免的挑战时采用的一种积极的潜在方法,比如对这些学校所使用的科学的心理环境测量方法的价值,本文也进行了讨论。

关键词：参与动机教育创新自我导向教育

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Time Scale of Partial Melting of KLB-1 Peridotite: Constrained from Experimental Observation and Thermodynamic Models

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第2期29卷 245-254页

作者： Wei Du Li Li donald J.Weidner State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Mineral Physics Institute Department of Geosciences University of New York at Stony Brook

Partial melting experiments were carried on KLB-1 peridotite, a xenolith sample from the Earth＇s upper mantle, at 1.5 GPa and temperatures from 1 300 to 1 600 ℃, with heating time varies from 1 to 30 min. We quantify the axial temperature gradient in the deformation-DIA appa- ratus （D-DIA） and constrain the time scale of partial melting by comparing experimental observa- tions with calculated result from pMELTS program. The compositions of the liquid phase and the coexisting solid phases （clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine） agree well with those calculated from pMELTS program, suggesting that local chemical equilibrium achieves during partial melting, although longer heating time is required to homogenize the bulk sample. The Mg# （=Mg/（Mg＋Fe） moi.%） of olivines from the 1-minute heating experiment changed continuously along the axial of the graphite capsule. A thermal gradient of 50 ℃/mm was calculated by comparing the Mg# of oli- vine grains with the output of pMELTS program. Olivine grains at the hot end of the graphite cap- sule from the three experiments heated at 1 400 ℃ but with different annealing time show consis- tence on Mg#, indicating that partitioning of Fe2＋ between the olivine grains and the silicate melt happened fast, and partial melting occurs in seconds.

关键词： peridotite partial melting temperature gradient pMELTS program.

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Characterization of Kiwifruit Xyloglucan

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 933-941页

作者： Xingjun Li Naoki Sakurai donald J. Nevins Academy of the State Administration of Grains Beijing 100037 China Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-7-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8521 Japan Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Structural characteristics of xyloglucan are constant in the pericarp cell walls of kiwifruit （Actinidia deliciosa） throughout fruit enlargement and maturation. Most of the xyioglucan （XG） persists in the cell walls of ripe kiwifruit. XG from the pericarp tissues of 36-h ethylene-treated kiwifruit was extracted as hemicellulose Ⅱ （HC-Ⅱ） with 4.28 M KOH containing 0.02% NaBH4, and purified using iodine precipitation and subsequent anion-exchange chromatography. This purifying protocol increased XG purity from 50 mol% in HC-Ⅱ fraction to 62 mol% in the purified XG powder. The molar ratio of glucose： xylose： galactose： fucose in the purified XG was 10： 6.9： 2.1： 0.3. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that purified XG had an average molecular-mass of 161 KDa, a value that exceeds the 95 KDa Mr determined for total polymeric sugars. Sugar linkage analysis confirmed the lack of fucose in the kiwifruit XG, but a small amount of arabinoxylan and low Mr glucomannan remained associated with this fraction.

关键词： Actinidia deliciosa cell walls glucomannan hemicellulose sugar linkage analysis xyloglucan

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Wireless Device Connection Problems and Design Solutions

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第6期29卷 1145-1155页

作者： SONG Ji-Won NORMAN donald NAM Tek-Jin QIN Shengfeng College of Engineering Design and Physical Sciences Brunel University London The Design Lab University of California Department of Industrial Design Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Design Northumbria University

Users, especially the non-expert users, commonly experience problems when connecting multiple devices with interoperability. While studies on multiple device connections are mostly concentrated on spontaneous device association techniques with a focus on security aspects, the research on user interaction for device connection is still limited. More research into understanding people is needed for designers to devise usable techniques. This research applies the Research-through-Design method and studies the non-expert users＇ interactions in establishing wireless connections between devices. The ＂Learning from Examples＂ concept is adopted to develop a study focus line by learning from the expert users＇ interaction with devices. This focus line is then used for guiding researchers to explore the non-expert users＇ difficulties at each stage of the focus line. Finally, the Research-through-Design approach is used to understand the users＇ difficulties, gain insights to design problems and suggest usable solutions. When connecting a device, the user is required to manage not only the device＇s functionality but also the interaction between devices. Based on learning from failures, an important insight is found that the existing design approach to improve single-device interaction issues, such as improvements to graphical user interfaces or computer guidance, cannot help users to handle problems between multiple devices. This study finally proposes a desirable user-device interaction in which images of two devices function together with a system image to provide the user with feedback on the status of the connection, which allows them to infer any required actions.

关键词： wireless connection device association user-multiple device interaction smart production system Research through Design learning from examples

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Fire alters the availability of soil nutrients and accelerates growth of Eucalyptus grandis in Zambia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1637-1645页

作者： donald Chungu Phillimon Ng’andwe Henry Mubanga Felix Chileshe School of Natural Resources Copperbelt UniversityP.O.Box 21692KitweZambia Directorate of Distance Education and Open Learning Copperbelt UniversityP.O.Box 21692KitweZambia

Fire has been used to prepare land during tree plantation establishment for many years but uncertainty about how ecosystems respond to prescribed burning makes it difficult to predict the effects of fire on soil *** aim of this study was to determine the effect of burning accumulated forest residues(slash)on soil chemical properties and how trees *** analyzed 40 burned and unburned sites and compared growth of Eucalyptus grandis *** ex Maiden between *** pH increased by 39%after fire,suggesting reduced soil acidity and increased *** nitrogen increased by 100%;other nutrients(Ca^2+,Mg^2+and K^+)also *** in nutrients had a significant effect on the growth of ***;larger and taller trees were associated more with burned than unburned *** study provides evidence that burning accumulated slash during land preparation prior to plantation establishment alters soil nutrient status and enhances the growth of ***.

关键词： Nitrogen mineralization Forest residue burning Soil nutrients Zambia exotic plantations Plantation establishment Eucalyptus grandis

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