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A Model of the Universe that Can Explain Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fourth Space Dimension

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2016年第10期7卷 1247-1276页

作者： donald j. Koterwas Retired Monument CO USA Department of Earth Space and Graphic Sciences United States Military Academy West Point NY USA Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics and Department of Optics University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

This paper explains how a model of the universe can be constructed by incorporating time and space into geometry in a unique way to produce a 4-space dimension/1-time dimension model. The model can then show how dark matter can be the gravity that is produced by real matter that exists throughout our entire universe. The model can also show how dark energy is not an increase in energy that is causing the accelerated expansion of the universe, but is an accelerating decrease in matter throughout the universe as the stars and galaxies in the universe continue to convert matter into energy during their life cycles. And then the model can show how a fourth space dimension must exist in our universe to locate a point in space.

关键词： Universe Dark Matter Dark Energy Gravity Fourth Space Dimension

Adult neural stem cell plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 256-257页

作者： Elizabeth j.Sandquist donald S.Sakaguchi Department of Zoology Weber State University Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Nanovaccine Institute Iowa State University

Stem cells derived from adult tissues have long been consideredmultipotent, able to differentiate into a limited number of cell typesfound in their tissue of origin. Embryonic stem cells, in contrast,are pluripotent, which may differentiate into almost all cell *** the ability to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somaticcells now available, the properties of multipotent stem cellsare being re-evaluated. If adult cells may be reverted to pluripotentstem cells, can multipotent stem cells also be manipulated towardspluripotency? Advancements in biotechnology now allow for bettermethods to investigate stem cell plasticity, such as the relativeinfluence of external versus intrinsic factors on cell fate. Recentstudies indicate that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) demonstrategreater plasticity under certain conditions, resulting in the derivationof a variety of cell types including muscle, hematopoietic, andepithelial cells. This suggests that NSCs may provide a potentialsource of rare cell types for clinical application as an alternative toembryonic stem cells. Producing rare cell types from NSCs ratherthan embryonic stem cells avoids the ethical issues surrounding theuse of this cell type. Further, NSCs may be an advantageous sourcecompared to induced pluripotent stem cells, which are difficult tocreate, expensive, and time-consuming to

关键词： cells stem cell NSCs types

Wildlife Deterrence from Hazards Using High Brightness Ultraviolet Light

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j.urnal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 109-119页

作者： donald j. Ronning Lite Enterprises Inc 4 Bud Way Ste. 15 Nashua NH 03063

The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral impact of varying LED （light emitting diode） spectral emissions on avian species. A novel oculo-neuro-motor response to monochromatic LEDs has been identified. LED colored light of sufficient intensity matched to the short-wavelength cones of avian species can efficiently diminish overall visual perception leading to an augmented behavioral response. The study method involved monitoring the change in behavioral response after exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light to wild Osprey （Pandion haliaetus） foraging and nesting in their natural environment. Our results demonstrated a statistically significant change in foraging behaviors with wild Osprey （p = 0.005） and in nesting behavior as a result of exposure to high brightness monochromatic LED light. An augmented behavioral responses was observed which is believed to be analogous to human reaction to solar glare and glint. The neuroimaging mechanism of avian species is discussed. This novel augmented behavioral response provides a new technique of studying the neuroscience of temporal and spatial light stimulus. A non-lethal deterrence technique involving the augmented behavioral response could mitigate mortality and morbidity of avian-human conflict in areas such as airports, airplane bird strikes, and wind turbines.

关键词： Avian vision ultraviolet LED non-lethal deterrence solar glare solar glint.

Fundamentals,preparation,and mechanism understanding of Li/Na/Mg-Sn alloy anodes for liquid and solid-state lithium batteries and beyond

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Nano Research 2023年第6期16卷 8191-8218页

作者： Amardeep Amardeep donald j.reschi j.aj.n Wang j.an Liu School of Engineering Faculty of Applied Sciencethe University of British ColumbiaKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Fenix Advanced Materials Trail BCV1R 2T3Canada MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes to develop high energy density and safe energy storage devices due to its highest theoretical capacity(3860 mAh·g^(−1))and lowest electrochemical potential,demonstrating great potential to fulfill unprecedented demand from electronic gadgets,electric vehicles,and grid *** these good merits,lithium metal suffers from low Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth,leading to internal short-circuiting of the cell and raising safety concerns about employing lithium metal as an ***,lithium-tin(Li-Sn)alloys,among other lithium alloys,have emerged as a potential alternative to lithium metal to efficiently suppress the lithium dendrite formation and reduce interfacial resistance for safer and longer-lasting lithium ***,this work first reviews the fundamentals of Li-Sn alloys,and critically analyzes the failure mechanisms of pristine Li-metal anode and how Li-Sn alloys could overcome those *** subsequent section examines various strategies to synthesize Li-Sn bulk and protection film alloys,followed by an evaluation of symmetric cell ***,the comparative electrochemical performance of full cells against different cathodes and solid electrolytes provides an overview of the present ***,advanced characterization techniques were discussed to visualize lithium dendrites directly and quantify the mechanical performance of Li-Sn *** but not the least,the state-of-the-art progress of applying M-Sn(M=Na and Mg)beyond lithium batteries was *** closing,this work identifies the critical challenges and provides future perspectives on Li-Sn alloy for lithium batteries and beyond.

关键词： Li-Sn alloys fundamental studies dendrite-free anodes liquid/solid-state batteries Li-Sn alloys synthesis approachescum-electrochemical performance lithium batteries and beyond

Kyanite far from equilibrium dissolution rate at 0–22℃ and pH of 3.5–7.5

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第4期38卷 472-480页

作者： Yilun Zhang donald j.Rimstidt Yi Huang Chen Zhu Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA Department of Geological Sciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Geochemistry Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059People's Republic of China School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Kyanite is an important and slow-dissolving mineral. Earlier work has measured its dissolution rate at high temperature and acidic pH, but experimental measurements at low temperature and near neutral p H were lacking. The rate equation by Palandri and Kharaka(A compilation of rate parameters of water–mineral interaction kinetics for application to geochemical modeling. US Geological Survey, Open File Report 2004-1068, 2004) indicates that the rate of kyanite dissolution at room temperature and near neutral pH is on the order of 10^-17 mol m^-2 s^-1, orders of magnitudes slower than most common silicate minerals such as albite and quartz. This study used an externallystirred mixed-flow reactor, which allows high solid:solution ratios, to measure the dissolution rate of kyanite at 0–22 ℃ and pH of 3.5–7.5. The measured dissolution rate of kyanite is 4.6–7.6 9 10-13 mol m^-2 s^-1 at 22℃, and the apparent activation energy is 73.5 kj.mol^-1. This dissolution rate is close to the rate of quartz dissolution and four orders of magnitude faster than the prediction by rate equation of Palandri and Kharaka(2004).Based on our new experimental data, we recommend the following rate equation for modeling the dissolution of kyanite at ambient temperatures.r=ke(-Ea)/R(1/T-1/(298.15))where k = 5.08 9 10-13 mol m^-2 s^-1, and Ea= 73.5 kj.mol^-1. Review of literature data(Carroll in The dissolution behavior of corundum, kaolinite, and andalusite: a surface complex reaction model for the dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals in diagenetic and weathering environs. Dissertation, Northwestern University, 1989) led to a recommended rate equation for andalusite as for T = 25℃ and pH = 2–10:r=k1aH+^n1+k2+k3aH^+^n3where k1= 4.04 9 10^-10 mol m^-2 s^-1, k2= 7.95×10^-10 mol m^-2 s^-1, k3= 1.01×10^-17 mol m^-2 s^-1, n1= 1.2 and n3=-0.6.

关键词： Kinetics Kyanite Reaction rates Mixed-flow reactor

The wings of the dove

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Ab Initio Molecular Dynamic Simulation on the Elasticity of Mg_3Al_2Si_3O_(12) Pyrope

作者： Henry j.mes edited by j. donald Crowley and Richard A. Hocks.

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j.urnal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 169-175页

作者： Li Li donald j.Weidner j.hn Brodholt Dario Alfe G David Price Mineral Physics Institute Department of Geosciences University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Department of Earth Sciences University College London Gower Street London WC1E6BT UK

We calculated thermo-elastic properties of pyrope（Mg3Al2Si3O12） at mantle pressures and temperatures using Ab initio molecular dynamic simulation.A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation at a reference temperature of 2 000 K fits the calculations with bulk modulus,K0=159.5 GPa,K0＇=4.3,V0=785.89 A3,Grüneisen parameter,γ0=1.15,q=0.80,Anderson Grüneisen parameter δT=3.76 and thermal expansion,α0=2.93×10^-5 K^-*** to room temperature,where V0=750.80 A3,γ0 and α0 become 1.11 and 2.47×10^-5 K^-*** elastic properties of pyrope are found to be nearly isotropic at transition zone conditions.

关键词： AIMD thermo-elasticity pyrope high pressure.

Sediment Transport in Rivers with Overbank Flow

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四川大学学报（工程科学版） 2005年第S1期37卷 16-29页

作者： donald W KNIGHT Water Eng. The Univ.of BirminghamUK

Some concepts related to sediment transport in rivers with overbank flow are *** a description of the physical processes that are involved when a river inundates its floodplains,some simple com- putational methods are presented which permit the depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress to be pre- dicted within a cross section of variable,but prismatic *** methoda account for the strong transverse shear in velocity that occurs when the stage is j.st above bankfull,as well as ...

关键词： sediment transport overbank flow

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM ON TWO POPULATIONS OF THE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID CAPITELLA CAPITATA

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Chinese j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 1983年第3期1卷 337-341页

作者： donald j. Reish Department of Biology California State University Long Beach California U.S.A. 90840

Bioassays are important laboratory experiments in an attempt to interprete what is occurring in the field. The effect of various potential pollutants, especially heavy metals, on marine organisms has resulted in many studies in recent years. Polychaetous annelids have been one of the more commonly used test organisms because of their importance in the marine environment. Interlaboratory experiments have been conducted using the polychaetes Capitella capitata and Neanthes arenaceodentata (Pesch and Hoffman, in press) in which

关键词： Long THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND CHROMIUM ON TWO POPULATIONS OF THE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID CAPITELLA CAPITATA