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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第2期25卷 213-226页

作者： Odd Helge otter Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Thorm0hlensgt. 47 5006 Bergen Norway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Allegt. 55 5007 Bergen Norway

The climate changes that occured following the volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillippines on 15 June 1991 have been simulated using the ARPEGE atmosphere general circulation model （AGCM）. The model was forced by a reconstructed spatial-time distribution of stratospheric aerosols intended for use in long climate simulations. Four statistical ensembles of the AGCM simulations with and without volcanic aerosols over a period of 5 years following the eruption have been made, and the calculated fields have been compared to available observations. The model is able to reproduce some of the observed features after the eruption, such as the winter warming pattern that was observed over the Northern Hemisphere （NH） during the following winters. This pattern was caused by an enhanced Equator-to-pole temperature gradient in the stratosphere that developed due to aerosol heating of the tropics. This in turn led to a strengthening of the polar vortex, which tends to modulate the planetary wave field in such a way that an anomalously positive Arctic Oscillation pattern is produced in the troposphere and at the surface, favouring warm conditions over the NH. During the summer, the model produced a more uniform cooling over the NH.

关键词： volcanic aerosol climate Mount Pinatubo Arctic Oscillation

A Possible Feedback Mechanism Involving the Arctic Freshwater,the Arctic Sea Ice,and the North Atlantic Drift

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第5期21卷 784-801页

作者： Odd Helge otter Helge DRANGE Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Edv. Griegsvei 3A5059 Bergen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Allégt. 55 5007 BergenNansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Edv. Griegsvei 3A5059 Bergen Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Allégt. 55 5007 BergenGeophysical Institute University of Bergen Allégt. 70 5007 Bergen Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Beijing 100029

Model studies point to enhanced warming and to increased freshwater ?uxes to high northern latitudes in response to global warming. In order to address possible feedbacks in the ice-ocean system in response to such changes, the combined e?ect of increased freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean and Arctic warming—the latter manifested as a gradual melting of the Arctic sea ice—is examined using a 3-D isopycnic coordinate ocean general circulation model. A suite of three idealized experiments is carried out: one control integration, one integration with a doubling of the modern Arctic river runo?, and a third more extreme case, where the river runo? is ?ve times the modern value. In the two freshwater cases, the sea ice thickness is reduced by 1.5–2 m in the central Arctic Ocean over a 50-year period. The modelled ocean response is qualitatively the same for both perturbation experiments: freshwater propagates into the Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, leading to an initial weakening of the North Atlantic Drift. Furthermore, changes in the geostrophic currents in the central Arctic and melting of the Arctic sea ice lead to an intensi?ed Beaufort Gyre, which in turn increases the southward volume transport through the Canadian Archipelago. To compensate for this southward transport of mass, more warm and saline Atlantic water is carried northward with the North Atlantic Drift. It is found that the increased transport of salt into the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas tends to counteract the impact of the increased freshwater originating from the Arctic, leading to a stabilization of the North Atlantic Drift.

关键词： Arctic Ocean freshwater seaice North Atlantic Drift

Diapycnal Mixing in Transient Responses of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in an Enhanced Freshwater Perturbation Experiment

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2010年第4期3卷 201-206页

作者： Helge DRANGE Odd Helge otter Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center/Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research

It has been reported recently that the simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) using the coupled Bergen climate model(BCM) showed initial intensity declines followed by gradual recoveries over a 150-year enhanced freshwater input ***-dependent oceanic diapycnal mixing has been hypothesized as a reason for the simulated recovery of the *** study investigated the role of diapycnal mixing in transient responses of simulated *** results showed that stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing can cause stronger upwelling of deep water in the tropical Atlantic than that produced under conditions of fixed diapycnal ***,simulated AMOCs were more sensitive to active stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing than fixed ***,stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing cannot be conclusively singled out as the critical cause of the recoveries of simulated AMOCs under enhanced-freshwater inputs.

关键词： diapycnal mixing western tropical North Atlantic freshwater experiment

Locoregional IL-2 low dose applications for gastrointestinal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第35期11卷 5525-5529页

作者： Zachary Krastev V Koltchakov R Tomova S Deredjian A Alexiev D Popov B Tomov Jan-Willem Koten John Jacobs Willem Den otter Clinic of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Blvd. Iv.Geshov 15Sofia 1431Bulgaria Department of Pathobiology PO Box 80.178 3508 TD Utrecht The Netherlands Clinic of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Univeisity Hospital Blvd. Iv.Geshov 15Sofia 1431Bulgaria

AIM： To explore the feasibility of local interleukin 2 （IL-2） in patients with different forms of abdominal cancer. This required experimentation with the time interval between IL-2 applications and the methods of application. METHODS： Sixteen patients with stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ of gastrointestinal malignancies （primary or metastatic） who were admitted to our Department of Gastroenterology were treated with Iocoregionally applied IL-2 in low doses. RESULTS： No major problems applying Iocoregional IL-2 were encountered. In 6 out of 16 patients, a modest but clinically worthwhile improvement was obtained. Adverse effects were minimal. The therapeutic scheme was well tolerated, even in patients in a poor condition. CONCLUSION： This study demonstrates the feasibility of low dose Iocoregional IL-2 application in advanced abdominal cancer. Local IL-2 therapy gives only negligible adverse effects. The results suggest that it is important to apply intratumorally. Local IL-2 may be given adjunct to standard therapeutic regimes and does not imply complex surgical interventions. These initial results are encouraging.

关键词： Interleukin-2 Local IL-2 therapy Gastrointestinalcancer

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大鼠肝组织中普伐他汀的高效液相色谱法测定

药学学报 2001年第2期36卷 123-126页

作者：李新 otterK ZieglerA 浙江大学药学院药物分析与药物代谢研究室浙江杭州310006 InstituteofPharmacology

目的　建立反相色谱法测定普伐他汀在大鼠肝组织中的含量。方法　肝组织样品加普伐他汀和内标 (丙炎松 ) ,用BondElutC18小柱进行固相提取 ,然后用色谱方法分析。采用C18反相色谱柱 ,流动相为 0 0 35mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠缓冲液 (pH 3 0 ... 详细信息

目的　建立反相色谱法测定普伐他汀在大鼠肝组织中的含量。方法　肝组织样品加普伐他汀和内标 (丙炎松 ) ,用BondElutC18小柱进行固相提取 ,然后用色谱方法分析。采用C18反相色谱柱 ,流动相为 0 0 35mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠缓冲液 (pH 3 0 ) 乙腈 (15 5∶42 )。结果　普伐他汀的线性范围为 0 0 5 - 10 0 0 μg·g-1肝 ,回归方程为Y =0 1843X - 4 2 38× 10 -3(γ =0 9934) ;用普伐他汀标准液试验 ,最低检测限达 13ng·mL-1,定量限为 5 0ng·g-1肝(RSD <2 0 % ) ;不同浓度固相提取回收率平均为 80 8% ;RSD为 4 3 % - 15 %。用此法测定了Lewis大鼠 (ig 2 0mg·kg-1)肝组织中普伐他汀的含量 ,并绘制了药时曲线。结论　方法灵敏。

关键词：普伐他汀反相高效液相色谱法固相提取

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免疫监视与自然抵抗的新概念及其评价

国际免疫学杂志 1987年第2期10卷 89-93页

作者： otter WD 王建一

长期以来,人们一直认为人体每天均有大量的新的肿瘤细胞产生,并由此推论出机体内可能存在着一个强有力的免疫监视或自然抵抗系统。这些系统以各种不同机制杀灭体内不断产生的大量肿瘤细胞。而老年人的高癌发病率也被认为是由于免疫系统... 详细信息

长期以来,人们一直认为人体每天均有大量的新的肿瘤细胞产生,并由此推论出机体内可能存在着一个强有力的免疫监视或自然抵抗系统。这些系统以各种不同机制杀灭体内不断产生的大量肿瘤细胞。而老年人的高癌发病率也被认为是由于免疫系统功能下降而使部分癌细胞获得免疫”逃逸”。但目前人们已认识到,每一机制所杀灭的肿瘤细胞群是有限的,因此这些机制不可能在长时期内每天杀伤大量的新生瘤细胞。此外,有证据表明当某些重要的自然抵抗和免疫监视

关键词：细胞毒性淋巴细胞白细胞瘤细胞效应细胞肿瘤病人吞噬细胞巨噬细胞思维形式概念

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蒙特卡罗大赌场一个骗子旷世连胜的未解之谜

城市地理 2009年第10期 104-109页

作者：崔月婷 Julianne otter（图）

赌场，一个欲望与迷梦的交织地，写满人性的贪婪与堕落。这里从来不乏传奇：瞬息间，有人坐拥百万，有人倾家荡产，还有人跃跃欲试，打起了赌场金库的主意，在强大而严密的安保系统中寻找漏洞，一展身手……

关键词：赌场蒙特卡罗安保系统

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肿瘤细胞并不经常产生

国外医学(肿瘤学分册) 1986年第1期 47-49页

作者： otter WD 李柏龄

由于有丝分裂之后瘤细胞仍然是瘤细胞,故细胞的致癌特性存在于细胞核 DNA,这意味着瘤细胞经由突变产生。显然只有特殊的突变才引起肿瘤。致癌突变的准确频率不明。在人体,自发性突变率约为每基因每代有10-4～10-6突变型,平均2×10-5突变... 详细信息

由于有丝分裂之后瘤细胞仍然是瘤细胞,故细胞的致癌特性存在于细胞核 DNA,这意味着瘤细胞经由突变产生。显然只有特殊的突变才引起肿瘤。致癌突变的准确频率不明。在人体,自发性突变率约为每基因每代有10-4～10-6突变型,平均2×10-5突变型,亦即平均5×104细胞有一突变型。没有理由认为这个数字在癌发生上会有很大的出入。由于成人每天大约产生1011新细胞,即使仅突变一次,结果就是每天将产生1011/5×104=2×106新的

关键词：瘤细胞抗肿瘤免疫监视细胞毒性自然抵抗力小鼠小家鼠

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胶料混炼程度的测定

世界橡胶工业 1985年第5期 83-88页

作者： J.L.den otter 程林妹

橡胶与其它材料混炼时,产品的质量及混炼所消耗的能量主要取决于胶料的混炼程度。为了测定炭黑在丁苯橡胶中的混炼度,橡胶和塑料研究协会(TNO)对四种不同的方法进行了试验。这四种方法是小角X射线散射法、未硫化混炼胶的动态机械测定法... 详细信息

橡胶与其它材料混炼时,产品的质量及混炼所消耗的能量主要取决于胶料的混炼程度。为了测定炭黑在丁苯橡胶中的混炼度,橡胶和塑料研究协会(TNO)对四种不同的方法进行了试验。这四种方法是小角X射线散射法、未硫化混炼胶的动态机械测定法、扫描电子显微镜法及电阻测定法。虽然四种方法之间的相关性良好,但是最后一种方法的灵敏度最高

关键词：混炼过程胶料炭黑补强剂高耐磨炉黑炉法炭黑橡胶弹性体丁苯程度导电性小角