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Detectability of the global weed Hypochaeris radicata is influenced by species, environment and observer characteristics

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 449-455页

作者： Katherina Ng don a.driscoll ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions The NERP Environmental Decisions HubFenner School of Environment and SocietyThe Australian National UniversityLinnaeus WayCanberraACT 2601Australia

Aims to determine the detectability of a global weedy perennial weed Hypochaeris radicata and its relationship with five common observer,species and environmental variables.Methods trained independent observers conducted time-limited repeat sur-veys of H.radicata during autumn in an endangered grassy box-gum woodland ecosystem in south-east australia.single-species single-season site-occupancy modelling was used to determine if detectability of H.radicata was altered by five covariates,observer,litter height,grazing,maximum plant height and flowering state.Important Findings Detectability for H.radicata varied significantly with observer,litter height,plant maximum height and flowering state,but not with graz-ing.Despite significant observer-specific variation,there was a con-sistent increase in detectability with plant height and when plants are in flower for all observers.Detectability generally decreased as litter height increases.Perfect or constant detection rates cannot be assumed in plant surveys,even for easily recognizable plants in simple survey conditions.understanding how detectability is influ-enced by common survey variables can help improve the efficacy of plant monitoring programs by quantifying the extent of uncertainty in inferences made from survey data,or by determining optimal sur-vey conditions to increase the reliability of collected data.For plants with traits similar to H.radicata,surveying when most plants are at maximum height or in flower,increasing search intensity when litter levels are high and minimizing observer-related heterogeneity are potentially simple and effective ways to reduce detection errors.We speculate that detection rates may be lower,more variable and involve additional covariates when surveying during the peak flow-ering spring season with the presence of more warm season and taller annual species.

关键词： Hypochaeris radicata grassy woodland detection probability detectability vegetation survey plant monitoring observation bias false absence

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Overview on Mangrove Forest Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 46-56页

作者： CHEN Xinping YIN Ziqi LI Zibin WANG Bin TAO Aifeng GUO Zhixing WANG Fei AN Yanhong O’driscoll Kieran College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service Beijing 100194China The People’s Government of Hainan Province Haikou 570204China Hibernian Marine Systems Limited Cork T12EDD8Ireland

This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.

关键词： mangrove coastal protection disaster prevention and mitigation disaster reduction value coastal resilience

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Vertically aligned nanocomposite films by self-assembled epitaxial nucleation for super-broadband transparent conductors

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InfoMat 2023年第4期5卷 14-24页

作者： Youngkyoung Ha Judith L.MacManus-driscoll Shinbuhm Lee Department of Physics and Chemistry DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Emerging Materials Science DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

Designing super-broadband transparent conductors is challenging because of the exclusive nature of conductivity and infrared transmittance.Here,using a one-step process,we created vertically aligned nanocomposite conducting films with high transparency across a super-broad wavelength range.Vertically aligned transparent Ba_(3)V_(2)O_(8)nanocolumns with lateral-100-nm widths enable high transmittance(>50%,even at a 4-μm wavelength)for all incident light and outperform that of Sn-doped In_(2)O_(3),while the conducting SrVO_(3)matrix retains low resistivity(<0.56 mΩcm at room temperature).A combined study of scanning transmission electron microscopy,scattering scanning nearfield infrared microscopy,and X-ray diffraction revealed that spontaneous phase separation of Ba_(3)V_(2)O_(8)nanocolumns in a SrVO_(3)matrix film occurs via self-assembled epitaxial nucleation.Our vertically aligned nanocomposite films provide a fertile platform for next-generation optoelectronics.

关键词： epitaxial nucleation spontaneous phase separation SrVO_(3)-Ba_(3)V_(2)O_(8) super-broadband transparent conductors vertically aligned nanocomposite films

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Therapeutics to harness the immune microenvironment in multiple myeloma

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 647-661页

作者： James J.Ignatz-Hoover James J.driscoll University Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Biochemistry Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Hematopoietic and Immune Cancer Biology Program Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

Multiple myeloma(MM)remains an incurable,genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of transformed plasma cells nurtured within a permissive bone marrow(BM)microenvironment.Current therapies leverage the unique biology of MM cells and target the immune microenvironment that drives tumor growth and facilitates immune evasion.Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs were initially introduced to complement and have now supplanted cytotoxic chemotherapy as frontline anti-myeloma agents.Recently,monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibodies,and chimeric antigen receptor T cells were developed to revamp the immune system to overcome immune suppression and improve patient responses.While current MM therapies have markedly extended patient survival,acquired drug resistance inevitably emerges and drives disease progression.The logical progression for the next generation of MM therapies would be to design and validate agents that prevent and/or overcome acquired resistance to immunotherapies.The complex BM microenvironment promotes resistance to both current anti-myeloma agents and emerging immunotherapies.Myeloma cells are intertwined with a complex BM immune microenvironment that contributes to the development of adaptive drug resistance.Here,we describe recently FDA-approved and investigational anti-myeloma agents that directly or indirectly target the BM microenvironment to prevent or overcome drug resistance.Synergistic effects of anti-myeloma agents may foster the development of rationally-designed drug cocktails that prevent BM-mediated resistance to immunotherapies.

关键词： Multiple myeloma drug resistance proteasome inhibitors immunomodulators immunotherapeutics adaptive resistance bone marrow microenvironment

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Interplay of polarization,strength,and loss in dielectric films for capacitive energy storage:Current status and future directions

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第3期9卷 516-519页

作者： Hao Pan Yizhe Jiang Judith L.MacManus-driscoll Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridgeCB30FSUnited Kingdom

Energy-storage dielectric capacitors have emerged as one of the key technologies for high-power systems such as green energy generation,hybrid/electrical vehicles,pulsed power devices,etc.[1]The high-power feature of dielectric capacitors originates from the fast electrostatic polarization.This is in contrast with the slower electrochemical processes in batteries and supercapacitors.

关键词： Dielectric film Energy storage Polarization Strength Loss

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Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Shoulder Padding and Shoulder Injury in Rugby Union

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 66-73页

作者： Angus Hughes Matt Carré Heather driscoll Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffield S605TZUK

Purpose To develop an understanding of the role of shoulder padding in rugby union by investigating player perceptions and attitudes towards shoulder padding and extending research into shoulder injuries in rugby.Methods An online survey was distributed to past and current rugby players over 13 years old in 2018.Questions related to the participants’demographic,attitudes to shoulder padding and shoulder injury history.Results Six hundred and sixteen rugby players responded to the survey;66.1%of respondents had worn shoulder padding at some point.The age group 24-29 years old(ΔR^(2)=0.03,B=−0.53,P=0.015)had an inverse association with padding effectiveness while playing experience groups 1-2 years(ΔR^(2)=0.03,B=0.8,P=0.032),3-5 years(ΔR^(2)=0.03,B=0.70,P=0.002)and 6-9 years(ΔR^(2)=0.03,B=0.41,P=0)had a positive association.There are 37.1%of respondents consider-ing shoulder padding to be effective at preventing cuts and abrasions with 21.9%finding it very effective;50.3%considered it to be effective or very effective(9.7%)at preventing contusion;45.5%wore padding for injury prevention,while 19.2%wore padding to protect from reoccurring injury.Sprain/ligament damage(57.5%)and bruising(55.5%)were the most com-monly reported injuries.Conclusions The primary reason for wearing shoulder padding was as a means of injury prevention.Research should focus on quantifying the injury preventive capabilities of shoulder padding.Bruising,cuts and abrasion injuries to the shoulder are prevalent presenting new findings that these injuries are underreported.

关键词： Rugby union Shoulder padding Protective equipment Epidemiology Attitudes

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High Yield Transfer of Clean Large-Area Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第2期13卷 363-376页

作者： Bowen Zhang Chao Yun Judith L.MacManus-driscoll Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUK

In this work,we have developed a new method for manipulating and transferring up to 5 mm×10 mm epitaxial oxide thin films.The method involves fixing a PET frame onto a PMMA attachment film,enabling transfer of epitaxial films lifted-off by wet chemical etching of a Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer.The crystallinity,surface morphology,continuity,and purity of the films are all preserved in the transfer process.We demonstrate the applicability of our method for three different film compositions and structures of thickness~100 nm.Furthermore,we show that by using epitaxial nanocomposite films,lift-off yield is improved by~50% compared to plain epitaxial films and we ascribe this effect to the higher fracture toughness of the composites.This work shows important steps towards large-scale perovskite thin-film-based electronic device applications.

关键词： Free-standing oxide thin films High yield transfer Wet etching Crack prevention

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A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第1期12卷 378-393页

作者： Dandan Sun Yifang Zou Liu Song Shulan Han Hao Yang Di Chu Yun Dai Jie Ma Caitriona M.O’driscoll Zhuo Yu Jianfeng Guo School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China Pharmacodelivery Group School of PharmacyUniversity College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Department of Hepatopathy Shuguang HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has profoundly revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, despite great promise for a variety of cancers, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still low in colorectal cancer(CRC). This is mainly due to the immunosuppressive feature of the tumor microenvironment(TME). Emerging evidence reveals that certain chemotherapeutic drugs induce immunogenic cell death(ICD), demonstrating great potential for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME. In this study, the potential of ginsenoside Rg3(Rg3) as an ICD inducer against CRC cells was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. The ICD efficacy of Rg3 could be significantly enhanced by quercetin(QTN) that elicited reactive oxygen species(ROS). To amelioratein vivo delivery barriers associated with chemotherapeutic drugs, a folate(FA)-targeted polyethylene glycol(PEG)-modified amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticle(NP) was developed for co-encapsulation of Rg3 and QTN. The resultant nanoformulation(CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN) significantly prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor targeting in an orthotopic CRC mouse model, resulting in the conversion of immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN achieved significantly longer survival of animals in combination with Anti-PD-L1. The study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC.

关键词： Nano drug delivery system Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Combination therapy Immunogenic cell death Reactive oxygen species Tumor microenvironment Colorectal cancer

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Adaptive high-order sliding mode control based on quasi-time delay estimation for uncertain robot manipulator

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Control Theory and Technology 2020年第3期18卷 279-292页

作者： Brahim BRAHMI Mark driscoll Mohamed Hamza LARAKl Abdelkrim BRAHMI Department of Mechanical Engineering Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Lab McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Electrical Engineering University of QuebecMontrealCanada

This paper presents the design,and validation of a new adaptive control system based on quasi-time delay estimation(Q-TDE)augmented with new integral second-order terminal sliding mode control(ISOTSMC)for a manipulator robot with unknown dynamicuncertainty and disturbances.Contrary to the conventional[TDE,the proposed Q-TDE becomes sufficient to invoke a fixed artficial time delay and utilize the past data only of the control input to approximate the unknown system's dynamic uncertainties.The incorporating of new adaptive reachinglaw with ISOTSMCaugmented with Q-TDE policy ensures the continuous performance tracking of the robot manipulator's trajectories using output feedback.This combination may achieve high performance with a significant chattering reducing procedure.By utilizing the Lyapunov function theory,it can be demonstrated that the robot system is stable and all signals in closed-loop are converging in finite time.Consequently,Simulation and comparative studies with two degrees of freedom robot manipulator were carried out to validate the effectiveness of the designed control scheme.

关键词： Second-order sliding mode quasi-time delay estimation(Q-TDE) adaptive reaching law

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JES Special issue in Mercury Biogeochemistry and Fate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 1-4页

作者： Tom Sizmur Nelson O'driscoll Yong Cai

The global and regional redistribution of mercury within the environment is of primary importance to both natural ecosystems and human health.The ratification of the Minamata Convention on Mercury by 91 parties repres... 详细信息

关键词： JES Special issue in Mercury Biogeochemistry and Fate Hg

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