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A historical view of alveolar echinococcosis, 160 years after the discovery of the first case in humans： part 1. What have we learnt on the distribution of the disease and on its parasitic agent？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第18期124卷 2943-2953页

作者： dominique angele vuitton WANG Qian ZHOU Hong-xia Francis Raoul Jenny Knapp Solange Bresson-Hadni WEN Hao Patrick Giraudoux WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University Hospital and University of Francbe-Comte 25030 Besancon France Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu Sichuan 610031 China Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi 530021 China Chrono-Environnement Joint Research Unit UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comte CNRS and INRA 25030 Besancon France Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis Research 1st Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xiniianz 830000. China

Since the first 2 cases observed in southern Germany and the correct identification of a parasite at the origin of the disease by the famous scientist Rudolf Virchow in 1855, the borders of the endemic area of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have never stopped to expand. The parasite was successively recognized in Switzerland, then in Russia, Austria and France which were long considered as the only endemic areas for the disease. Cases were disclosed in Turkey in 1939; then much attention was paid to Alaska and to Hokkaido, in Japan. The situation totally changed in 1991 after the recognition of the Chinese endemic areas by the international community of scientists. The world map was completed in the beginning of the 21st century by the identification of AE in most of the countries of central/eastern Europe and Baltic States, and by the recognition of cases in central Asia. Up to now, the disease has however never been reported in the South hemisphere and in the United Kingdom. In the mid-1950s, demonstration by Rausch and Schiller in Alaska, and by Vogel in Germany, of the distinction between 2 parasite species responsible respectively for cystic echinococcosis （＂hydatid disease＂） and AE put an end to the long-lasting debate between the ＂dualists＂, who believed in that theory which eventually proved to be true, and the ＂unicists＂, who believed in a single species responsible for both diseases. At the end of the 20th century, molecular biology fully confirmed the ＂dualist＂ theory while adding several new species to the initially described E. granulosus; within the past decade, it also confirmed that little variation existed within Echinococcus （E.） multilocularis species, and that AE-Iooking infection in some intermediate animal hosts on the Tibetan plateau was indeed due to a new species, distinct from E. multilocularis, named E. shiquicus. Since the 1970s, the unique ecological interactions between the landscape, the hosts, and E. multilocularis have progressively be

关键词： alveolar echinococcosis Echinococcus species epidemiology history Rudolf Virchow western China

Auto-versus allo-transplantation of the liver for end-stage alveolar echinococcosis？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第18期000卷 2803-2805页

作者： Georges A Mantion dominique A vuitton WHO-Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis Department of Digestive and Cancer Surgery/Liver Transplantation Unit University Hospital and University of Franche-Comt6 France

＂We dreamt of it; they did it!＂ Reading the paper by WEN et al in this issue of the Chinese Medical Journal,＂ we can not help but remember when our colleague Prof. Jean-Philippe Miguet, a hepatologist who was the first at the beginning of the 1970s to review the clinical cases of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） observed in our region of Eastern France and to renew our interest in that disease, used to tell Prof. Michel Gillet,

关键词：法国钙调蛋白结合蛋白质类肝棘球蚴病磷蛋白磷酸酶类内皮缩血管肽类世界卫生组织亚洲大陆世系人群

From Farming to Engineering： The Microbiota and Allergic Diseases

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Engineering 2017年第1期3卷 98-109页

作者： dominique Angèle vuitton Jean-Charles Dalphin University Bourgogne Franche-Comte Besancon 25030 France Anergology Network of Franche-Comte Besancon 25030 France

The steady increase of lgE-dependent allergic diseases after the Second World War is a unique phenomenon in the history of humankind. Numerous cross-sectional studies, comprehensive longitudinal cohort studies of children living in various types of environment, and mechanistic experimental studies have pointed to the disappearance of ＂protective factors＂ related to major changes in lifestyle and environment. A common unifying concept is that of the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the protection against allergic disorders that is provided by the farming environment and by exposure to microbial diversity. It also questions whether and how microbial bioengineering will be able in the future to restore an interplay that was beneficial to the proper immunological development of children in the past and that was irreversibly disrupted by changes in lifestyle. The protective ＂farming environment＂ includes independent and additional influences： contact with animals, stay in barns/stables, and consumption of unprocessed milk and milk products, by mothers during pregnancy and by children in early life. More than the overall quanti- ty of microbes, the biodiversity of the farm microbial environment appears to be crucial for this protection, as does the biodiversity of the gut microbiota that it may provide. Use of conventional probiotics, especially various species or strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, has not fulfilled the expectations of allergists and pediatricians to prevent allergy. Among the specific organisms present in cowsheds that could be used for prevention, Acinetobacter （A.） lwoffii F78, Lactococcus （ L.） lactis G121, and Staphylococcus （S.） sciuri W620 seem to be the most promising, based on experimental studies in mouse models of allergic respiratory diseases. However, the development of a new generation of probiotics based on very productive research on the farming environment faces several obstacles that cannot b

关键词： Allergy Farming Microbial biodiversity Immune regulation Microbiota Translational research

Review of risk factors for human echinococcosis prevalence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China: a prospective for control options

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 18-25页

作者： Qian Wang Yan Huang Liang Huang Wenjie Yu Wei He Bo Zhong Wei Li Xiangman Zeng dominique A vuitton Patrick Giraudoux Philip S Craig Weiping Wu Sichuan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina Ganzi Prefecture Center for Diseases Control and Prevention KangdingSichuanChina Institute of Parasitic Diseases China Center for Diseases Control and PreventionShanghaiChina WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University Hospital and University of Franche-Comté25030 BesançonFrance Department of Chrono-Environment UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff.INRAUniversity of Franche-ComtéBesançonFrance Cestode Zoonoses Research Group Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordGreat Manchester M54WTUK

Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were

关键词： Control options Echinococcosis Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Risk factors

Components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade are activated in hepatic cells by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第17期15卷 2116-2124页

作者： Ren-Yong Lin Jun-Hua Wang Xiao-Mei Lu Xiao-Tao Zhou Georges Mantion Hao Wen dominique A vuitton Lysiane Richert Xinjiang Key Laboratory on Echinococcosis and Liver Surgery 1st Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University No. 1 Liyushan Road Urumqi 830054 China Ren-Yong Lin Lysiane Richert Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire EA 4267 Faculte de Medecine et Pharmacie University of Franche-Comte Place Saint-Jacques 25030 Besangon France Liver Surgery and Transplantation Unit EA 3921 Department of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Jean Minjoz Boulevard Fleming 25030 Besangon France WHO-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University of Franche-Comte Place Saint Jacques 25030 Besancon France WHO-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis University of Franche-Comte Place Saint Jacques 25030 Besancon France

AIM： To explore the effect of Echinococcusmultilocularis on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways and on livercell ***： Changes in the phosphorylation of MAPKs and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）expression were measured in the liver of patients withalveolar echinococcosis （AE）. MAPKs, MEK1/2 [MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase （ERK）kinase] and ribosomal S6 kinase （RSK） phosphorylationwere detected in primary cultures of rat hepatocytesin contact in vitro with （1） E. multilocu/aris vesicle fluid（EmF）, （2）E. multilocularis-conditioned medium （EmCM）.RESULTS： In the liver of AE patients, ERK 1/2 andp38 MAPK were activated and PCNA expression wasincreased, especially in the vicinity of the *** exposure to EmF, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） and ERK1/2 were also activated in hepatocytesin vitro, as well as MEK1/2 and RSK, in the absenceof any toxic effect. Upon exposure to EmCM, only JNKwas ***： Previous studies have demonstratedan influence of the host on the MAPK cascade inE. multilocularis. Our data suggest that the reverse,i.e. parasite-derived signals efficiently acting onMAPK signaling pathways in host liver ceils, is actuallyoperating.

关键词： Echinococcus multilocularis Hepaticalveolar echinococcosis Mitogen-activated proteinkinase Host-parasite interactions Liver

Grass height and transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第1期123卷 61-67页

作者： WANG Qian Francis Raoul Christine Budke Philip S. Craig XIAO Yong-fu, dominique A. vuitton,Maiza Campos-Ponce, QIU Dong-chuan, David Pleydell and Patrick Giraudoux XIAO Yong-fu dominique A. vuitton Maiza Campos-Ponce QIU Dong-chuan David Pleydell Patrick Giraudoux Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu Sichnan 610041 China Chrono-Environnement-UMR 6249 University of Franche-ComteCNRS 25030 - Besancon France College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences TexasA&M University USA Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences Universityof Salford Salford MS4WT United Kingdom Alveolar Echinococcosis University of Franche-Comte 25030 -Besancon France Earth and Life Sciences VU University Amsterdam TheNetherlands

Background Alveolar echinococcosis is a major zoonosis of public health significance in western China. Overgrazing was recently assumed as a potential risk factor for transmission of alveolar echinococcosis. The research was designed to further test the overgrazing hypothesis by investigating how overgrazing influenced the burrow density of intermediate host small mammals and how the burrow density of small mammals was associated with dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Methods The study sites were chosen by previous studies which found areas where the alveolar echinococcosis was prevalent. The data, including grass height, burrow density of intermediate host small mammals, dog and fox fecal samples as well as Global Positioning System （GPS） position, were collected from field investigations in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China. The fecal samples were analyzed using copro-PCR. The worms, teeth, bones and hairs in the fecal samples were visually examined. Single factor and multifactor analyses tools including chi square and generalized linear models were applied to these data. Results By using grass height as a proxy of grazing grass in the pasture led to lower small mammals＇ pressure in the homogenous pasture, this study found that taller burrow density （X2=4.670, P=0.031, coefficient=-1.570）. The Echinococcus multilocularis worm burden in dogs was statistically significantly related to the maximum density of the intermediate host Ochotona spp. （X2=5.250, P=-0.022, coefficient=0.028）. The prevalence in owned dogs was positively correlated to the number of stray dogs seen within a 200 meter radius （Wald X2=8.375, P=-0.004, odds ratio=1.198）. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that overgrazing promotes transmission of alveolar echinococcosis and confirm the role of stray dogs in the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.

关键词： alveolar echinococcosis Echinococcosis multilocularis transmission overgrazing grass height small mammals

Impact of overgrazing on the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan pastoral communities of Sichuan Province,China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2007年第3期120卷 237-242页

作者： WANG Qian XIAO Yong-fu dominique A vuitton Peter M Schantz Francis Raoul Christine Budke Maiza Campos-Ponce Philip S Craig Patrick Giraudoux Sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu610041 China WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment ofAlveolar Echinococcosis SERF and LBE Usc INRA ResearchUnits University of Franche-Comte 25030-Besancon France Institute of Parasitology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse266a CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Free University AmsterdamNetherlands Cestode Zoonoses Research Group Bioscience Research Instituteand School of Environment and Life Sciences University ofSalford Salford MS4WT United Kingdom

Background Overgrazing was assumed to increase the population density of small mammals that are the intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis, the pathogen of alveolar echinococcosis in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. This research tested the hypothesis that overgrazing might promote Echinococcus multilocularis transmission through increasing populations of small mammal, intermediate hosts in Tibetan pastoral communities. Methods Grazing practices, small mammal indices and dog Echinococcus multilocularis infection data were collected to analyze the relation between overgrazing and Echinococcus multilocularis transmission using nonparametric tests and multiple stepwise logistic regression. Results In the investigated area, raising livestock was a key industry. The communal pastures existed and the available forage was deficient for grazing. Open （common） pastures were overgrazed and had higher burrow density of small mammals compared with neighboring fenced （private） pastures; this high overgrazing pressure on the open pastures measured by neighboring fenced area led to higher burrow density of small mammals in open pastures. The median burrow density of small mammals in open pastures was independently associated with nearby canine Echinococcus multilocularis infection （P=-0.003, OR=1.048）. Conclusion Overgrazing may promote the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis through increasing the population density of small mammals.

关键词： echinococcosis, hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis overgrazing Tibetan pastoral communities

René Lalique:joaillier et artiste verrier

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法语学习 2005年第3期 92-94页

作者： dominique Maitrot

在泡球蚴所致肝损伤中肝细胞增殖与生长抑制的平衡研究

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在泡球蚴所致肝损伤中肝细胞增殖与生长抑制的平衡研究