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Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee Kim Rudolph ETanzi Se Hoon choi Genetics and Aging Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan choi Soo-Ho choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Investigations of an Air Starting Motor of Marine Medium-Speed Diesel Engine with Numerical Analyses

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Journal of Thermal Science 2010年第2期19卷 148-153页

作者： yeon Won Lee Yoon Hwan choi Deog Hee doh Division of Mechanical Eng. Pukyong National Univ.San 100 Division of Mechanical and Information Eng.

The marine medium-speed diesel engines are started by two methods;one is the electric motors,and the other air starting *** though air starting motor is dependent of the engine types and sizes,it has been widely used in this area due to its simplicity,convenience and *** purpose of this paper is to give the designing parameters in order to make a proper "Air Starting Motor" using *** aerodynamic approaches were given to understand the internal flow characteristics of the air starting *** addition,we have carried out the investigation of effects of tip *** the calculations the tip clearance of air starting motor has been varied between 0,2.8,4.3 and 5.7% of blade *** results of computation are the tip clearance increased to 2.8%,the torque decreased 24%,and there was no more large changes when the clearances increased to 4.3% and 5.7%.

关键词： Medium-Speed Diesel Engine Air Starting Motor CFD Tip Clearance Influences

Ventral hernia after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids treatment:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第30期10卷 11204-11209页

作者： Jung-Woo Park Hwa yeon choi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dong-A University College of MedicineBusan 49201South Korea

BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is a minimally invasive approach in gynecology that is used to manage uterine *** this procedure is safe and effective,adverse outcomes are becoming a major *** SUMMARY We present a case of ventral hernia that occurred as a rare and delayed complication of HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids *** patient came to the hospital with abdominal bloating that occurred 6 mo after ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation for managing uterine *** ventral hernia,which occurred due to atrophied muscle layers following the procedure,was confirmed by imaging studies and intraoperative *** required a hernia repair with mesh and hysterectomy for definitive treatment of uterine *** High-intensity ultrasound ablation should be performed only on appropriate *** should be educated about potential complications of the procedure and the possibility of subsequent ***-procedural long-term follow-up for detecting delayed adverse effects is important.

关键词： Uterine fibroids High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation Conservative treatment Ventral hernia Complication Case report

Temperature Distribution and Thermal Stresses in Various Conditions of Moving Heating Source during Line Heating Process

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第1期21卷 82-87页

作者： Yoon Hwan choi yeon Won Lee Kwang choi Deog Hee doh Kyoung Joon Kim Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Pukyong National University Steel Structure Research Division Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology Division of Mechanical and information Engineering Korea Maritime University

Line heating method is widely used to manufacture curved surfaces in ship building. The main factors governing the quality of the manufactured products are the moving velocity of the heating source, heating strength, and heating ways. In this study, the temperature distributions of the heated plate were investigated with the condition that the line heating process was automatic. The temperature variations were also investigated with the changes of those three variables. The numerical results showed that the peak temperature decreased as the moving velocity of the heating source increased. It also revealed that the peak temperatures changed linearly with the changes of the heating source.

关键词： Moving heat source Line heating Thermal stress Residual deformation Conductive heat transfer

Quantum Systems Connected by a Time-Dependent Canonical Transformation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第9期52卷 416-420页

作者： Kyu Hwang yeon Jeong Ryeol choi ZHANG Shou BK21 Physics Program and Department of Physics College of Natural Science Chungbuk National University Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kyungpook National University 1370 Sankyuk-dong Buk-gu Daegu 702-701 Korea Center for the Condensed-Matter Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics College of Science Yanbinn University Yanji 133002 China

We study both classical and quantum relation between two Hamiltonian systems which are mutually connected by time-dependent canonical transformation. One is ordinary conservative system and the other is timedependent Hamiltonian system. The quantum unitary operator relevant to classical canonical transformation between the two systems are obtained through rigorous evaluation. With the aid of the unitary operator, we have derived quantum states of the time-dependent Hamiltonian system through transforming the quantum states of the conservative system. The invariant operators of the two systems are presented and the relation between them are addressed. We showed that there exist numerous Hamiltonians, which gives the same classical equation of motion. Though it is impossible to distinguish the systems described by these Hamiltonians within the realm of classical mechanics, they can be distinguishable quantum mechanically.

关键词： canonical transformation innumerable kind of Hamiltonians canonical quantization invariant operator unitary transformation

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

Biocompatible custom ceria nanoparticles against reactive oxygen species resolve acute inflammatory reaction after intracerebral hemorrhage

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2743-2760页

作者： dong-Wan Kang Chi Kyung Kim Han-Gil Jeong Min Soh Taeho Kim In-Young choi SeuI-Ki Ki do yeon Kim Wookjin Yang Taeghwan Hyeon Seung-Hoon Lee Laboratory of Innovative Nanobiotechnology Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital Seou103080 Republic of Korea Department of Neurology Korea University Guro Hospital and Korea University College of Medicine Seou108308 Republic of Korea Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea

Intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） is a devastating subtype of stroke with a high mortality rate, for which there currently is no effective treatment. A perihematomal edema caused by an intense inflammatory reaction is more deleterious than the hematoma itself and can result in neurological deterioration and death. Ceria nanoparticles （CeNPs） are potent free radical scavengers with potential for biomedical applications. As oxidative stress plays a major role in post-ICH inflammation, we hypothesized that CeNPs might protect against ICH. To test this hypothesis, core CeNPs were synthesized using a modified reverse micelle method and covered with phospholipid-polyethylene glycol （PEG） to achieve biocompatibility. We investigated whether our custom-made biocompatible CeNPs have protective effects against ICH. The CeNPs reduced oxidative stress, hemin-induced cytotoxicity, and inflammation in vitro. In a rodent ICH model, intravenously administered CeNPs were mainly distributed in the hemorrhagic hemisphere, suggesting that they could diffuse through the damaged blood-brain barrier. Moreover, CeNPs attenuated microglia/macrophage recruitment around the hemorrhagic lesion and inflammatory protein expression. Finally, CeNP treatment reduced the brain edema by 68.4% as compared to the control. These results reveal the great potential of CeNPs as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with ICH.

关键词： ceria nanoparticles intracerebral hemorrhage free radical injury anti-inflammation neuroprotective agents biomedical application