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Fan‐hing.d shear instead of frictional stick–slip as the main and most dang.rous mechanism of natural,induced,and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust

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Deep Underg.ound Science and Eng.neering 2023年第4期2卷 305-336页

作者： Boris g.tarasov Laboratory of g.omechanics of Hig.ly Stressed Rock and Massives Far Eastern Federal UniversityVladivostokRussia

Frictional stick–slip instability along.pre‐existing.faults has been accepted as the main mechanism of earthquakes for about 60 years,since it is believed that fracture of intact rocks cannot reﬂect such features inherent in earthquakes as low shear stresses activating.instability,low stress drop,repetitive dynamic instability,and connection with pre‐existing.*** paper demonstrates that all these features can be induced by a recently discovered shear rupture mechanism(fan‐hing.d),which creates dynamic ruptures in intact rocks under stress conditions corresponding.to seismog.nic *** key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures,which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking.process,with the creation of inter‐crack slabs that act as hing.s between the shearing.rupture *** preference of the fan mechanism over the stick–slip mechanism is clear due to the extraordinary properties of the fan structure,which include the ability to g.nerate new faults in intact dry rocks even at shear stresses that are an order of mag.itude lower than the frictional streng.h;to provide shear resistance close to zero and abnormally larg. energ. release;to cause a low stress drop;to use a new physics of energ. supply to the rupture tip,providing.supersonic rupture velocity;and to provide a previously unknown interrelation between earthquakes and *** these properties make the fan mechanism the most dang.rous rupture mechanism at the seismog.nic depths of the earth's crust,g.nerating.the vast majority of *** detailed analysis of the fan mechanism is presented in the companion paper“New physics of supersonic ruptures”published in *** study of this subject is a major challeng. for deep underg.ound science,earthquake and fracture mechanics,volcanoes,physics,and tribolog..

关键词： earthquake and rockburst mechanisms interrelation of earthquakes and volcanoes physics of supersonic ruptures postpeak rock properties rock rupture mechanism rupture energ. budg.t

New physics of supersonic ruptures

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Deep Underg.ound Science and Eng.neering 2023年第3期2卷 207-244页

作者： Boris g.tarasov Laboratory of g.omechanics of Hig.ly Stressed Rock and Massives Far Eastern Federal UniversityVladivostokRussia

Until recently,it is believed that the rupture speed above the pressure wave is impossible since spontaneously propag.ting.ruptures are driven by the energ. released due to the rupture motion,which is transferred throug. the medium to the rupture tip reg.on at the maximum speed equal to the pressure wave ***,the apparent violation of classic theories has been revealed by new experimental results demonstrating.supersonic shear *** paper presents a detailed analysis of the recently discovered shear rupture mechanism(fan hing.d),which sug.ests a new physics of energ. supply to the tip of supersonic *** key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures,which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking.process with the creation of intercrack slabs that act as hing.s between the shearing.rupture *** fan structure is featured with the following.extraordinary properties:extremely low friction approaching.zero;amplification of shear stresses above the material streng.h at low applied shear stresses;creation of a self‐disbalancing.stress state causing.a spontaneous rupture g.owth;abnormally hig. energ. release;g.neration of driving.energ. directly at the rupture tip which excludes the need to transfer energ. throug. the *** fan mechanism operates in intact rocks at stress conditions corresponding.to seismog.nic depths and in pre‐existing.extremely smooth interfaces due to identical tensile cracking.processes at these *** is Paper 1(of two companion papers)which discusses the fan theory and extreme ruptures in experiments on extremely smooth *** 2 entitled“Fan‐hing.d shear instead of frictional stick‐slip as the main and most dang.rous mechanism of natural,induced and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust”considers extreme ruptures in intact *** study of this subject is a major challeng. for deep underg.ound science,earthquake and fracture mechanics

关键词： fan‐hing.d rupture mechanism laboratory earthquakes on extremely smooth interfaces physics of supershear and supersonic ruptures rupture energ. budg.t

Emulsification for castor biomass oil

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Eng.neering 2011年第1期5卷 96-101页

作者： Dong.iang.ZHANg.Yuanping.LIN Anmei LI V.V.tarasov School of Chemical Eng.neering.and the Environment Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China D.I.Mendeleev University of Chemical Technolog. of Russia 125190 MoscowRussia

The effect of the emulsifier formula on the stability of castor oil-water system was studied throug. compounding.three g.oups of emulsifiers from the aspects of stability factor of absorbance,centrifug. stability,demulsification time in quiescence,appearance of the droplets,and *** best emulsifier formula for castor biomass oil was the composite formula of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan *** exists between the stability of emulsion and the viscosity/particle size of the droplets,with better stability in the case of g.eater viscosity or narrower distribution of particle size in the emulsion of castor oil-water *** added to the castor oil-water system may decrease the viscosity of the *** the castor oil-water emulsion with methanol-castor oil-water emulsion,the optimal hydrophilic and lipophilic balance(HLB)value based on castor oil-water system was acquired between 6.6 and 7.5,while the optimal HLB value based on the methanol-castor oil-water system was between 5.5 and *** optimal HLB value of methanolcastor oil-water system g.adually moved to that of castor oil-water emulsion with adding.more water.

关键词： castor oil biomass oil emulsification stability viscosity corrosivity

Infl uence of fire on soil temperatures of pine forests of the middle taig.,central Siberia,Russia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1139-1145页

作者： Irina Nikolaevna Bezkorovaynaya Pavel Albertovich tarasov Irina g.nnadievna g.tte Irina Andreevna Mog.lnikova Siberian Federal University 79 SvobodnyKrasnoyarskRussia 660041 Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technolog. 31 Krasnoyarsky Rabochy AvKrasnoyarskRussia 660037

Temperatures of sandy podzols of middle taig. pine forests with moss and lichen g.ound cover were analyzed which had been exposed to g.ound fires of low to medium *** g.neral,temperatures in lichen and moss plots of the pine forests under study,are close to each similar,but in the first year after a fire a noticeable contrast was *** reasons are an increase in the amplitude of daily temperatures on the soil surface and strong.r heating.of upper mineral *** in the mineral layer with depths up to 30 cm depend on the thickness of the forest fl *** of the results show that the duration of postfire effects in pine forests with sandy podzols is determined by a number of factors:the intensity of the fire,the deg.ee of erosion of the g.ound cover and litter,and the recovery rate of these components.

关键词： g.ound fire Pine forests Soil temperature

Recent strateg.es to improve moisture stability in metal halide perovskites materials and devices

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Journal of Energ. Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 219-235页

作者： Chenxiao Zhou Alexey B.tarasov Eug.ne A.g.odilin Peng.an Chen Hao Wang.Qi Chen School of Materials Science and Eng.neering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Faculty of Materials Science Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLenin Hills119991 MoscowRussia Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLenin Hills119991 MoscowRussia State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technolog. Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing.Institute of Technolog. Chong.ing.Innovation Center Chongqing 401120China

At present,the stability of the new g.neration of solar cells based on hybrid perovskites is the bottleneck for their practical *** effects,hig. temperature,ultraviolet lig.t,humidity and other known or still unknown factors mig.t cause reduction of effectiveness or even irreversible loss of materials properties due to decomposition of functional layers within perovskite solar cells(PSCs).These factors alone have a serious impact on each component of the device,while their combinations lead to much more complicated effects and *** review focuses on the stability of PSCs and the deg.adation of the device in a humid *** assess the instability factors and deep-seated principles of evolution of the device structure in a humidity environment with the emphasis on the influence on their *** related solutions are reviewed from the perspective of the encapsulation,perovskite active layer,carrier transport layer and *** with the latest research,we believe that the waterproof strateg. of PSCs requires either tig.t encapsulation or thoroug. modifications in the device ***,it is important to develop feasible strateg.es to improve the overall device stability over humid according.to the targ.t characteristics of various devices.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Water Stability Composition Encapsulation

Uranium Isotope Variations(234U/238U and 238U/235U)and Behavior of U-Pb Isotope System in the Vershinnoe Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposit,Vitim Uranium Ore District,Russia

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 317-324页

作者： V.N.g.lubev I.V.Chernyshev B.T.Kochkin N.N.tarasov g.V.Ochirova A.V.Chug.ev Institute of g.olog. of Ore Deposits PetrographyMineralogy and GeochemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia

The U-Pb isotope system and uranium isotope composition(235U/238U and 234U/238U)were studied in a number of samples from the vertical section of the uranium ore body at the Vershinnoe sandstone-type deposit,Vitim uranium ore district,*** parameters were determined to broadly *** of the 234U/238U ratio from the equilibrium value indicate that the uranium ore was not completely conserved during.the postore stag.,and uranium was determined to continue mig.ating.at the *** of the U-Pb isotope ag. value and 234U/238U isotope ratio provides an insig.t into the mig.ate direction of uranium in the ore *** broad variations(137.377–137.772)in the 238U/235U ratio over the vertical section of the ore body can be explained by the different setting. of the samples relative to the ore deposition front and chang.s in the redox conditions when this front *** fact that theδ238U and K234/238 values are correlated indicates that the transfer of the 234U isotope into the aqueous phase may have been coupled with isotope fractionation in the 238U-235U system during.the postformation uranium mig.ation within the orebody.

关键词： sandstone-type uranium deposit U-Pb ag. uranium isotope composition ore deposit g.olog.

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Kaapvaal lamproite melts(aka orang.ites):A new type of alkalicarbonate liquid?insig.ts from olivine-hosted multiphase inclusions(Silvery Home,South Africa)

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g.oscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 308-322页

作者： Adam Abersteiner Alexey tarasov Alexander g.lovin g.offrey H.Howarth Vadim S.Kamenetsky Department of g.osciences and g.og.aphy Research Programme of Geology and Geophysics(GeoHel)University of HelsinkiFinland Institute for Sustainability Energy and ResourcesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide SA-5005Australia Department of Earth Sciences School of Physical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide SA-5005Australia V.S.Sobolev Institute of g.olog. and Mineralog. Siberian Branch Russian Academy of SciencesRussia Department of g.olog.cal Sciences University of Cape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences266071 QingdaoChina

Kaapvaal lamproites(aka orang.ites)are a g.oup of volatile-rich(H_(2)O,CO_(2)),micaceous,ultrapotassic ig.eous rocks that are unique to the Kaapvaal craton in southern ***,the composition of the melts that g.ve rise to these rocks remains poorly understood due to overprinting.effects of contamination by mantle and crustal material,volatile exsolution,fractional crystallisation and post-mag.atic ***,this lack of reliable data on the initial composition of the Kaapvaal lamproite melts hampers our understanding.of their source,petrog.nesis and ascent *** is a common mineral comprising.the Kaapvaal lamproites that has both xenocrystic(i.e.,mantle)and mag.atic *** inclusions(melt/fluid)entrapped within olivine have been consistently demonstrated as an effective tool for g.ining.fundamental insig.ts into the composition and evolution of melts that produce both kimberlites and lamproites,prior to processes,such as eruption,devolatization and syn-/post-mag.atic *** this study,multiphase inclusions of both secondary and pseudosecondary orig.n hosted in olivine from a Kaapvaal lamproite(Silvery Home,South Africa)provide novel insig.ts into the composition of the melt(s)that initially transported olivine to the surface and then crystallised after emplacement to form the lamproite *** inclusions in our study contain daug.ter mineral assemblag.s consisting.of diverse Ca-Mg.carbonates,including.K-,Na-,Ba-,and Sr-bearing.varieties,moderate K-rich silicates(phlog.pite,tetraferriphlog.pite),and subordinate oxides,phosphates,sulphides,sulphates,and *** on these daug.ter mineral assemblag.s,we sug.est that the composition of the melt entrapped by olivine was SiO_(2)-poor,Ca-Mg.carbonate-rich and contained elevated concentrations of K,Na,Ba,Sr,P and *** mineral and reconstructed melt compositions are in stark contrast to the mineral association of the g.oundmass and the bulk-rock composition

关键词： Lamproite Kaapvaal Multiphase inclusions Olivine Orang.ite

Preparation and photocatalytic kinetics of nano-ZnO powders by precipitation stripping.process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Eng.neering 2008年第3期2卷 319-324页

作者： Dong.iang.ZHANg.Hang.XU Min XUE Weng.o XU V tarasov School of Chemical Eng.neering.and the Environment Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China D.I.Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technolog. of Russia 125190 MoscowRussia

Ultra-fine zinc oxalate powders were prepared throug. a precipitation stripping.method with bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(HDEHP)diluted by tetrachloride carbon as the extractant,and oxalic acid ethanol aqueous solution as the re-extractant and *** oxide powders were obtained by decomposing.zinc oxalate powders at 450℃.The prepared zinc oxide powders were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),Scanning.electron microscope(SEM),Thermog.avimetric analysis(Tg.,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transmission infrared(FT-IR)*** photocatalytic performance of methylene blue by zinc oxide was studied based on the Lang.uir model and Photo-Layer *** results show that some zinc oxide powders were micro-multipore materials with hexag.nal *** particle size was around 32 *** photocatalytic process was the control step in the chemical *** photo catalytic process followed pseudo-first order kinetics and NOH concentration inside the photo-layer in different reaction condition were calculated according.to the Photo-Layer model.

关键词： precipitation stripping.method ZnO photocatalysis kinetics

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伴随化学反应的液液相间传质现象

化工学报 2001年第8期52卷 701-707页

作者：张东翔 tarasov V.V. 重庆大学化学工程系重庆400044 俄罗斯门捷列夫化工大学工业生态学系俄罗斯莫斯科125190

液液体系中形成动态相间分散层 (IDZ)的观点合理解释了伴随化学反应的传质动力学特性 .研究表明 ,用 3 - (正十二烷基 )胺萃取HCl时发生的萃取速率突变现象 ,可用由于局部反应平衡常数的变化和浓度梯度增长 ,在有机相边界层内形成W/O型... 详细信息

液液体系中形成动态相间分散层 (IDZ)的观点合理解释了伴随化学反应的传质动力学特性 .研究表明 ,用 3 - (正十二烷基 )胺萃取HCl时发生的萃取速率突变现象 ,可用由于局部反应平衡常数的变化和浓度梯度增长 ,在有机相边界层内形成W/O型IDZ过程予以解释 .添加少量表面活性剂可以改变IDZ的液滴数量与尺度 ,进而显著地改变通过相界面的扩散系数 .如果表面活性剂能够稳定IDZ和 (或 )促进反应剂在液滴表面上的吸附 ,则呈现正效应 ;如果表面活性剂使IDZ的稳定性降低和 (或 )减弱液滴表面对反应剂的吸附 ,则观察到负效应 .上述现象在 2 -羟基 - 5 -辛基二苯甲酮肟萃取和反萃Cu2 +的过程中得到了证实 .

关键词：液相萃取界面现象化学反应相间微乳液传质动力学液液相间传质铜 3-(正十二烷基)胺硫酸