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Bile duct injury repair --earlier is not better

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第4期9卷 508-511页

作者： Vinay k. k.poor Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow 226014 India

Bile duct injury is a common complication of cholecystectomy. The timing of bile duct injury repair remains controversial. A recent review conducted in France reported 39% complications and 64% failure after immediate repair in 194 patients compared with 14% complications and 8% failure after late repair in 133 patients. A national review of 139 consecutive early repairs conducted at five hepatopancreaticobiliary centers in Denmark.reported 4% mortality, 36% morbidity, and 42 restrictures （30%） at a median follow-up of 102 months, and only 64 patients （46%） demonstrated uneventful short-term and long-term outcomes. Most patients with bile duct injury present with bile leak.and sepsis; thus, early repair is not recommended. Percutaneous drainage of bile and endoscopic stenting are the mainstays of treatment of bile leak.because they convert acute bile duct injury into a controlled external biliary fistula. The ensuing benign biliary stricture should be repaired by a biliary surgeon after a delay of 4-6 week. once the external biliary fistula has closed.

关键词： bile duct injury cholecystectomy laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A Cooperative Approach of Frequency Regulation Through Virtual Inertia Control and Enhancement of Low Voltage Ride-through in DFIG-based Wind Farm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第6期10卷 1519-1530页

作者： Preeti Verma Seethalek.hmi k. Bharti Dwivedi Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Engineering and TechnologyLucknow 226021Uttar PradeshIndiawhich is a constituent institute of Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknowUttar Pradesh(U.P.)India IEEE

Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farms(WFs)are interfaced with power electronic *** interfaces are attributed to the low inertia generated in the WFs under high penetration and that becomes prevalent in a fault ***,transient stability enhancement along with frequency stability in DFIG-based WFs is a major concern in the present *** this paper,a cooperative approach consisting of virtual inertia control(VIC)and a modified grid-side converter(GSC)approach for low voltage ride-through(LVRT)is proposed to achieve fault ride-through(FRT)capabilities as per the grid code requirements(GCRs)while providing frequency support to the grid through a synthetic *** proposed approach provides LVRT and reactive power compensation in the *** participation of the VIC in a rotor-side converter(RSC)provides frequency support to the DFIG-based *** combined approach supports active power compensation and provides sufficient k.netic energy support to the system in a contingency *** studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.environment for symmetrical and unsymmetrical *** superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through analysis of the performance of the scheme and that of a series resonance bridge-type fault current limiter(SR-BFCL).

关键词： Virtual inertia controller(VIC) doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) fault ride-through(FRT)capability wind farm(WF) fault current limiter(FCL)

Petrographic characterization and evolution of the k.rharbari coals, Talcher Coalfield, Orissa, India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 133-147页

作者： Alok.k. Singh Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology RatapurChowk Rae Bareli 229316 India

In the present study an attempt has been made to carry out the detailed petrographic characterization of the k.rharbari coals of Talcher coalfield and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment conditions of coal formation using macerals and microlithtotypes as a tool. For these purposes a large number of samples were collected following the pillar sampling method and were subjected to detailed petrographic study. The petrographic observation shows that these coals are vitrinite rich followed by the liptinite and inertinite group of macerals. On microlithotype scale, these coals shows the dominance of the vitrite followed by clarite, vitrinertite and inertite. The concentration of liptite, clarodurite, duroclarite and vitriner- toliptite are insignificant. The vitrinite reflectance rank. the k.rharbari coal as high volatile bituminous ＇C＇ to high volatile ＇B＇ bituminous. Coal petrography based depositional models suggest peat accumulation in forested telmatic swamp. Moreover, during the time of their evolution, there were alternate phases of oxic and anoxic moor conditions with good tissue preservation.

关键词： Petrography Rank Evolution - k.rharbari Talcher coalfield

Variation in phenol, electrical conductivity, and sugar contents in Grewia oppositifolia Roxb.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 121-125页

作者： A. k. Uniyal Department of Forestry Doon (PG) College of Agri. Sci. & Tech.DehradunUKIndia.

We estimated variation in the allocation of metabolites （phenol, sugar, and electrical conductance） in seed, fruit and seedling leachates of 25 populations of Grewia. oppositifolia. Higher quantity of phenolics and higher electrical conductance were observed in plants from lower-middle altitudes but this was not correlated significantly with germination, survival, or plant height. On the other hand, sugar content in fruit pulp leachates was greatest in higher elevational populations and these sources also recorded higher germination, survival, and plant height under nursery conditions. Thus we recommend that germplasm （seed） should be collected from moderately higher elevational sources for nursery as well as future breeding strategies of this potential agroforestry tree crop of the central Himalaya.

关键词： Grewia oppositifolia phenol electrical conductivity sugar seed seedling Garhwal Himalaya

Effects of urbanization on historical heritage buildings in k.mbak.nam, lamilnadu, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第1期8卷 94-105页

作者： k. k.ruthiga k. Thirumaran Department of Architecture Notional Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India

Urbanization is a com mon and inevitable occurrence everywhere. While growth and expa nsion are beneficial for many people and busin esses, there is a potential for loss of historical areas that are the heritage value to people. This paper investigates the effects of urbanization on the heritage buildings in the historical-heritage temple town of k.mbak.nam in Tamilnadu, India. Heritage temple towns are frequent targets for the rapid transition to urbanization that is often accompanied by alteration of historical areas. The primary objective of this study was to identify how urbanization could change the heritage characteristics in a temple town. An ordinal regression model was used to analyze urbanization data from the heritage town of k.mbak.nam. Our fin dings revealed specific physical, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors of urbanization that caused identifiable and sign ifica nt changes in the heritage characteristics of k.mbak.on am. These factors play a significant role and would aid in the implementation of the Local Development Plan (LDP) for sustainable urban growth and preservation of the heritage character of k.mbak.nam.

关键词： Urbanization Built heritage Historic town k.mbak.nam

Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Bulk.UFG Al 2014 Alloy Processed Through Cryorolling and Warm Rolling

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第7期32卷 845-856页

作者： Manoj k.mar Pathak.Amit Joshi k. k. S. Mer R. Jayaganthan Department of Mechanical Engineering G. B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology Pauri-Garhwal 246194 India Department of Engineering Design. Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India

Tensile properties, microstructural evolution and fracture toughness of Al 2014 alloy subjected to cryorolling followed by warm rolling (CR + WR) have been investigated in the present study. The solution-treated (ST) Al 2014 alloy is cryorolled followed by warm rolling process at different temperatures (110, 170 and 210 ℃). The mechanical properties and microstructural features of deformed and undeformed Al 2014 alloys were characterised by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CR + WR samples at 170 ℃ showed an improved hardness (179 HV), tensile (UTS 499 MPa, YS 457 MPa) and fracture toughness (k. = 37.49 MPa y/m, k.e = 37.39 MPa √m and J integral = 33.25 k./mm^2) with respect to ST alloy as measured from the tensile and fracture toughness test. The improved mechanical properties of CR + WR alloy are attributed to grain boundary strengthening, combined recovery and recrystallisation, precipitation hardening and dynamic ageing effect during the deformation. The precipitation of metastable spherical phase Al2Cu was responsible for the improved tensile and fracture properties of finegrained Al 2014 alloy observed in the present work.

关键词： Al alloys Ultrafine grains Fracture toughness

Models and form factors for stand volume estimation in natural forest ecosystems: a case study of k.tarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (k.WS), Bahraich District, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 217-226页

作者： V. A. J Adek.nle k. N. Nair A. k. Srivastava N. k. Singh Federal University of Technology Dept of Forestry & Wood Technology National Botanical Research Institute (Council for Scientific & Industrial Research) Plant Diversity Systematics & Herbarium Division Rana Pratap Marg Department of Forests Sidhauli Forest Division

In view of the difficulties in stand volume estimation in natural forests, we derived real form factors and models for volume estimation in these types of forest ecosystems, using k.tarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary as a case study. Tree growth data were obtained for all trees （dbh 〉10 cm） in 4 plots （25 × 25 m） randomly located in each of three strata selected in the forest. The form factor calculated for the stand was 0.42 and a range of 0.42 0.57 was estimated for selected species （density 〉10）. The parameters of model variables were consistent with general growth trends of trees and each was statistically significant. There was no significant difference （p〉0.05） between the observed and predicted volumes for all models and there was very high correlation between observed and predicted volumes. The output of the performance statistics and the logical signs of the regression coefficients of the models demonstrated that they are useful for volume estimation with minimal error. Plotting the biases with respect to considerable regressor variables showed no meaningful and evident trend of bias values along with the independent variables. This showed that the models did not violate regression assumptions and there were no heteroscedacity or multiculnarity problems. We recommend use of the form factors and models in this ecosystem and in similar ones for stand and tree volume estimation.

关键词： natural forest tree volume Estimation biodiversity tree height forest inventory

Development of an industrial Internet of things suite for smart factory towards re-industrialization

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Advances in Manufacturing 2017年第4期5卷 335-343页

作者： C. k. M. Lee S. Z. Zhang k. k. H. Ng Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong People's Republic of China Department of Information Management Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Hangzhou 310018Zhejiang People's Republic of China

Re-industrialization, which supports industrial upgrading and transformation, promotes smart production and high value-added manufacturing processes, and helps to create new momentum for the economic. Under the current situation, industrialists encounter several chal- lenges to achieve re-industrialization. Firstly, the cost and technical thresholds for industrialists to leverage emerging technologies are high. Secondly, there are huge quantities and numerous types of Internet of things （IoT） devices in smart factories, warehouses and offices. The enormous extents of data exchange and communication, manage- ment, monitoring and control of IoT devices as well as the establishment and maintenance of a reliable cloud platform hinder industrialists to implement an integrated smart production management. Therefore, to achieve re-indus- trialization, an industrial Internet of things （IIoT） suite consisting of a micro-services-based IIoT cloud platform and IIoT-based smart hub is proposed, which helps to materialize re-industrialization and to conduct industrial upgrading and transformation to achieve smart production and high value-added manufacturing processes.

关键词： Industrial Intemet of things (IIoTs) Cloudplatform Micro-services-based Industry 4.0 Reindustrialization

Visual perception on the architectural elements of the built heritage of a historic temple town： A case study of k.mbak.nam, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第1期6卷 96-107页

作者： k. k.ruthisa k. Thirumaran Department of Architecture National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620015 India

This paper aims to investigate the changes in the virtual perception on the built heritage at the traditional core setttement of k.mbak.nam Town at Tamitnadu and to analyze their implica- tions. Specifically, the major objectives of the study are （1） to identify the architectural elements that manifest the built heritage of k.mbak.nam Town and （2） to assess the contMbutions of these elements to the changes in the visuat perception of the town. To achieve these objectives, this study adopts an empirical model that analyzes the architectural elements of the buildings in the study area. Direct observations and documentations of 373 buildings are collected to analyze those etements that contribute to the changes in the visual perception on the built heritage of k.mbak.nam Town. An ordinary regression model is used to examine the characteristics of the built heritage across the chariot processional route of the town. Several architectural elements, including pitasters, horizontal cornices, arched windows, and ornamental parapets, improve the image of the town. These empirical findings support the policy framework.that enhances the visual perception of k.mbak.nam Town.

关键词： Visual perception Built heritage Ordinal regression Architectural ele-ments Historic town