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HIV and Seroconversion among Pregnant Women at the University Hospital of Mother and Child in Chad

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第1期11卷 106-115页

作者： Fissou Henry Yandai Ali Mahamat Moussa Mahamat Ali Bolti djidda abakar oumar Hissene Adanaou Khadidja Attimer Hamit Mahamat Alio Kuan Abdoulaye Traore Nicolas Barro Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement (IRED) N’Djamena Tchad Centre Hospitalier Universitaire la Renaissance (CHU-R) N’Djamena Tchad Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d’Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine (FSSH) N’Djamena Tchad Laboratoire de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LaSVT) Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso

Background: HIV in pregnant women presented a risk of transmission to newborns. This study was to determine HIV prevalence among pregnant women in the birthing rooms and give antiretrovirals to women infected and their newborns. Methods: A preliminary study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the Mother and Child Hospital. Pregnant women were counseled and tested for HIV-antibody according to the national algorithm using Determine HIV 1 & 2 and Immunocomb II Bispot HIV1 & 2. The women screened HIV-negative during the prenatal consultation and who accepted a second test were screened in the birth room. The data collected were processed using the Access Microsoft office 16 and SPSS software version 18. Results: A total of 6080 pregnant women were tested before and in the birth room. Of these, 5943 (97.4%) were detected as HIV-negative and 159 (2.6%) were HIV-positive. Of the 5943 with HIV-negative status, 1333 accepted the second test in the birth room, 10 of which have become HIV-positive. The rate of seroconversions was 0.75%. Conclusion: This study determined the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women. The result reveals the importance and necessity of repeating the screening test in the birth room because of the possibility of seroconversion or new infection during pregnancy.

关键词： HIV Prevalence Seroconversion Pregnancy Chad

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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Traditional Soaking Processes on the in Vitro Digestibility of Taro(Colocasia esculenta ***)Flour

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 258-263页

作者： Imar Djibrine Soudy Laurent Alves de Oliveira Nicolas Limas Nzouzi Mamadou Godefroy Izzedine Abdelaziz Arada Ousmane Dahab Atteib djidda Alhadj Alfaroukh oumar Idriss Bruno Eto Denis Grancher Institut Universitaire des Sciences et Techniques AbéchéTchad Biotechnopole Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le DéveloppementN’DjamenaTchad Laboratoires TBC TransCell-Lab Facultéde Médecine Xavier BichatUniversité Paris-Diderot Paris 7ParisFrance Laboratoire de Nutrition et Alimentation VetAgro Sup-Campus VétérinaireUniversitéde LyonLyonFrance

A traditional process used by farmers in Chad consists in soaking slices of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. SCHOTT) in tamarind infusion, or in corn solution or in water over a 24-hour period to reduce the acridity of taro and facilitate cooking. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of traditional soaking on the in vitro digestibility of taro flour using or not using an α-amylase enzyme. The digestion without the enzyme has shown that the soaking processes improve the digestibility of taro flour (from 39.30% for the control sample to 75.11% (after tamarind infusion) and 78.67% (treatment with water) after 24 hours of soaking). Soaking over a 6-hour period and preferentially in tamarind infusion or in corn solution obtains highly digestible flour (around 95% of digestibility rate after 3 hours of enzymatic digestion).

关键词： Colocasia esculenta L.SCHOTT Soaking Corn Zea mays L. Tamarind Tamarindus indica L. In Vitro Di-gestibility Amylase

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