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Techniques and Technological Aspects of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Processing in Cameroon

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 756-769页

作者： Godlove Nfor Njeshu Ngwa Martin Ngwabie divine nde bup Cornelius Tsamo Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Food and Bio-Resource Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Crude palm Oil (CPO) processing is very popular in African Countries. In Cameroon, various actors are involved ranging from agro-industrial complexes to traditional processing by smallholders who use very inefficient equipment and thus have low oil extraction rates. Small-scale processing by smallholders dates back to the early 1980s and has witnessed a lot of changes as a result of new actors in the sector, changing technologies and to an extent, government policies. This paper attempts a review of the origins and evolution of small-scale palm oil processing using intermediate technology, highlighting its importance to both the farmer and the national economy. An attempt is made to look into the future of this activity, with proposals for its consolidation.

关键词： CPO Small-Scale Processing Oil Extraction Rates Intermediate Technologies

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Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Cd^(2+), Pb^(2+), and Hg^(2+) Ions Using Aminosepiolite-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode: Optimization of Detection Parameters via Response Surface Methodology

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第4期3卷 295-305页

作者： Ervice Ymélé Sherman Lesly Zambou Jiokeng divine bup nde Théophile Kamgaing Ignas Kenfack Tonlé Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Higher Institute of the Sahel University of MarouaP.O.Box 46MarouaCameroon

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode modified by a film of aminosepiolite was utilized for simultaneous pre-concentration and trace detection of cadmium,lead,and mercury ions in aqueous *** modified sepiolite exploited as electrode material was obtained by grafting on its surface of[(3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl)]trimethoxysilane(AEPTMS).The results demonstrated that the amine groups on sepiolite efficiently affected the voltammetric detection of heavy *** full factorial design matrix and response surface methodology were applied in designing experiments,to determine the optimal conditions and to evaluate their mutual *** high values of adjusted R2 obtained of the fitted model show that the experiments data were well explained by the model,which then allowed to acquire optimum parameters for the electroanalysis and detection of the analytes by differential pulse *** pH 6.5 of accumulating medium,with an electrolysis potential of-0.9 V and in the concentration range of 10^(−8) M to 10^(−9) M,calibration plots were *** limits of detection(3Sd/m)were 8.689×10^(−10) M,8.197×10^(−10) M,and 8.099×10^(−10) M,respectively,for Cd^(2+),Pb^(2+),and Hg^(2+)*** interference effect of several cations and anions on the response of the analytes was also evaluated,and finally,the sensor was applied to the simultaneous detection of metal ions in tap water with satisfactory recovery rates.

关键词： Aminosepiolite Surface response methodology Factorial design Differential pulse voltammetry Heavy metals

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Physico-Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Two Clay Materials of the Far North Region of Cameroon(Makabaye,Maroua)

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2018年第9期8卷 378-386页

作者： Etienne Yanne Amadou Amadou Oumarou bup divine nde Raidandi Danwe Ecole Nationale Superieure Polytechnique de Maroua MarouaCameroun Faculte des Sciences Universite de Yaounde IYaoundeCameroun College of Technology The University of BamendaBamendaCameroon

To contribute to the valorization of local materials, the physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of two clay materials MJ and MN collected in the Mayo Tsanaga river which crosses the Makabaye district of Maroua (Cameroon) was carried out. For this purpose, various methods of characterization have been used, namely granulometric analysis, Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. It is apparent from the granulometry that the clay materials studied titrate 33.77% of clays for MJ against 44.13% for MN. The plasticity indices Ip with values IpMJ = 19.27% and IpMN = 23.4% place the materials in the plastic domain and offer them the possibility to being shaped into objects. The chemical composition of the MJ and MN materials reveals that the silicon oxide SiO2, the aluminumoxide Al2O3 and iron oxide Fe2O3 are their main constituents. The X-ray diffraction of the MJ and MN materials shows that they consist mainly of quartz with associated kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, perlialite, dickite, nacrite, amesite, albite, brookite and anorthite. In addition to these, 2/1 minerals such as muscovite, nontronite, glauconite, and phlogopite are also identified in the MJ material. The peaks of sanidine, microcline and gismondine are also found in the MN material. The materials being rich in clay minerals 2/1 can be valorized in the adsorption and the absorption of the oils and greases and in the waterproofing of the grounds. The presence of quartz, kaolinite and illite is undoubtedly favorable for the manufacture of ceramic products in terracotta. These products will be obtained at a relatively lower temperature due to illite, feldspars and iron minerals that provide vitrification during firing by forming eutectics. The aluminosilicate amorphous phases contained in the studied materials can be exploited to produce geopolymer cements and concretes.

关键词： Characterization Physico-Chemical Mineralogical Clay Materials Mayo Tsanaga Maroua-Cameroon

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