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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： Sean p.Roach Luke C.McLean j.ff W.MacLeod Leslie S.phillmore psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** obj.ctive of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subj.ct examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅢB:a current review and exploration of the AAV therapy landscape

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 355-359页

作者： Courtney j.Rouse Victoria N.j.nsen Coy D.Heldermon Lacerta Therapeutics AlachuaFLUSA University of Florida College of Medicine GainesvilleFLUSA

Mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for *** results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharides within cell lysosomes that leads to progressive and severe debilitating neurological *** treatment options are exp.nsive,limited,and presently there are no approved cures for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢ***-associated virus gene therapy has significantly advanced the field forward,allowing researchers to successfully design,enhance,and improve potential *** group recently published an effective treatment using a codon-optimized triple mutant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels,auditory function,and lifespan in the murine model for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy ***,we review the current state of the field in relation to the capsid landscape,adeno-associated virus gene therapy and its successes and challenges in the clinic,and how novel adenoassociated virus capsid designs have evolved research in the mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB field.

关键词： adeno-associated virus central nervous system gene therapy heparan sulfate immune resp.nse mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIB N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase newborn screening

Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1808-1840页

作者： j.ang-Hui Wang Dominic j.Gessler Wei Zhan Thomas L.Gallagher Guangping Gao Horae Gene Therapy Center University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Microbiology and physiological Systems University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneEast MelbourneVIC3002Australia Department of Neurological Surgery University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Neurosurgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different *** AAV(rAAV)has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various ***,as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy,the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing *** rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval,but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans,including immune resp.nses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and *** this review,we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing *** discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular,neurological,metabolic,hematological,neuromuscular,and cardiovascular diseases as well as *** outline immune resp.nses triggered by rAAV,address associated side effects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these *** hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.

关键词： diseases specificity approval

Influence of the zigzag fins and inlet arrangements on the cooling proficiency of the mini-channel heat sink

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propulsion and power Research 2024年第2期13卷 194-206页

作者： A.Torbatinezhad Y.pahamli M.j.Hosseini R.Bahrampoury School of Mechanical Engineering Babol University of TechnologyBabolIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Semnan UniversitySemnanIran Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan UniversityGorganIran Department of Mechanical Engineering K.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran

Mini-channel heatsinks are one of the most effective thermal management methods for high heatﬂux devices due to the high performance of convective heat *** recent years,various techniques have been innovated to improve the thermal proﬁciency of the mini-channel *** of these are taking advantage ofﬁns’structural designs and ar-rangements of inlets and *** zigzagﬁns and channels were considered in the previous works in heatsinks,and researchers analyzed their cooling enhancement ***,in the present work,a combined cooling technique,considering new-type zigzagﬁns’geometrical parameters(arrangement,length,and height)causes turbulenceﬂow and higher convective heat transfer along with different positionings ofﬂow inlet and outlets resulting in superior temper-ature uniformity,is proposed to evaluate their impacts on the cooling proﬁciency of the heat sink versus different Reynolds *** assess the thermal and hydraulic performance of the proposed heatsink,different parameters,including temperature contours,Nusselt numbers,thermal resistance,and entropy generation are *** a result,it is observed that in the case demonstrating the best thermal performance,the Nusselt number,pressure drop,thermal resistance,and entropy generation are respectively 37.13,4586.46 pa,0.000078 m^(2)·K/W,and 0.1078 W/K in the best *** well,it is found that by changing the arrangements of inlets and outlets,the Nusselt number,and thermal resistance are improved by 12%and 13%,***,the proposed mini-channel heat sink could be used as a high-performance thermal management system for electronic devices in different industries,including energy,solar,and medical sectors.

关键词： Thermal management Heat transfer enhancement Mini-channel heatsink Zigzagﬁn Entropy generation Electronic cooling

Relative Impacts of Sea Ice Loss and Atmospheric Internal Variability on the Winter Arctic to East Asian Surface Air Temperature Based on Large-Ensemble Simulations with NorESM2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1511-1526页

作者： Shengping HE Helge DRANGE Tore FUREVIK Huij.n WANG Ke FAN Lise Seland GRAFF Yvan j.ORSOLINI Geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5020Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5007Norway Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 211544China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 511458China School of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo 0313Norway Norwegian Institute for Air Research Kjeller 2007Norway

To quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia”(WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods. Each ensemble member within the same set uses the same forcing but with small perturbations to the atmospheric initial state. Hence, the difference between the present-day(or future) ensemble mean and the preindustrial ensemble mean provides the ice-loss-induced resp.nse, while the difference of the individual members within the present-day(or future) set is the effect of atmospheric internal variability. Results indicate that both present-day and future sea ice loss can force a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation with a WACE pattern in winter. The magnitude of ice-induced Arctic warming is over four(ten) times larger than the ice-induced East Asian cooling in the present-day(future) experiment;the latter having a magnitude that is about 30% of the observed cooling. Sea ice loss contributes about 60%(80%) to the Arctic winter warming in the present-day(future) experiment. Atmospheric internal variability can also induce a WACE pattern with comparable magnitudes between the Arctic and East Asia. Ice-lossinduced East Asian cooling can easily be masked by atmospheric internal variability effects because random atmospheric internal variability may induce a larger magnitude warming. The observed WACE pattern occurs as a result of both Arctic sea ice loss and atmospheric internal variability, with the former dominating Arctic warming and the latter dominating East Asian cooling.

关键词： Arctic sea ice loss warm Arctic–cold East Asia atmospheric internal variability large-ensemble simulation NorESM2 pAMIp

NANOCOMpOSITE COATINGS WITH ENHANCED HARDNESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第3期18卷 433-442页

作者： j. Musil Department of physics University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 22 306 14 Pl zeň.

The article reviews the present state of the art in the magnetron sputtering of hart and superhard nanocomposite coatings. It is shown that there are (1) two gr oups of hard and superhard nanocomposites: (i) nc-MN/hard phase and (ii) nc-MN/s oft phase, (2) three possible origins of the enhanced hardness: (i) dislocation- dominated plastic deformation, (ii) cohesive forces between atoms and (iii) nano structure of materials, and (3) huge differences in the microstructure of single - and two-phase films. A main attention is devoted to the formation of nanocryst alline and/or X-ray amorphous films. Such films are created in a vicinity of tra nsitions between (i) crystalline and amorphous phases, (ii) two crystalline phas es of different chemical composition or (iii) two different preferred orientatio ns of grains of the same material from which the coating is composed. The existe nce of the last transition makes it possible to explain the enhanced hardness in single-phase films. The thermal stability and oxidation resistance of hard nano composite films is also shortly discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites single- and two-phase films enhanced hardness,

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael j.Lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two maj.r endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Band-pass filtered velocity statistics in decaying turbulent box

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2011年第4期1卷 40-44页

作者： j.M.Lenoir S.Simoёns j.an-Noel Gence UMR CNRS 5509 LMFAECLUCB LyonIINSALyon.France

For homogeneous isotropic turbulence study,the acquisition of band-pass filtered velocity increments(FVI) in a non-forced turbulent box is still a challenge both experimentally and *** and associated physical processes,at a given instant,are permanently contaminated by a forcing process which can seldom be *** situation tends to be the origin of intermittency and the non-Gaussian probability density distribution for acceleration and velocity *** reveal implied mechanism,grid turbulence is adapted to observe non-perturbed homogeneous isotropic *** velocity increments(VI) can be obtained following Comte-Bellot and Corrsin(GCBC) by means of two point-two time shifted velocity *** is difficult to obtain decaying turbulence(DT) at large turbulent Reynolds number without pollution coming from *** it is also significant to investigate DT in low Reynolds number regimes to determine non-polluted *** similarity of DT between particle image velocimetry(pIV) and hot wire anemometry measurements by GCBC are *** we focus our tendency on VI and FVI probability density function(pDF) shapes in this *** conclusion,the tendency to Gaussian shape in inertial zone wavenumbers,demonstrates that there will be no intermittency if turbulent cascade is not perturbed.

关键词： velocity increment velocity inertial zone homogeneous turbulence pDF shape

The secondary inj.ry cascade after spinal cord inj.ry:an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel j.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah j.piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick j.e Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord inj.ry,there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells,which exacerbates the inj.ry and leads to further neural ***,a maj.r aim of current research involves targeting the immune resp.nse as a treatment for spinal cord *** much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord inj.ry,there remain maj.r discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine *** obj.ctives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord inj.ry,identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels,and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a mild contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or complete transection,7 mm of spinal cord centered on the inj.ry was harvested at varying times post-inj.ry,and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-plex *** demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord inj.ry,but returned to uninj.red levels within approximately 24 hours post-inj.ry,while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord inj.ry,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development,increased more than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninj.red *** a mild inj.ry,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male *** conclusion,pro-inflammatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord inj.ry