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Hepatitis e:Still Waters Run Deep

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 40-47页

作者： Moritz von Wulffen dirk Westhölter Marc Lütgehetmann Sven Pischk Department of Medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institute for Medical Microbiology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Medicine I University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20246Germany

Hepatitis e is an infectious inflammatory disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis e virus(HeV),a single-stranded RNA ***,it is estimated that there are more than 20 million HeV infections every year,leading to 3.3 million symptomatic cases and more than 56,000 *** a long time it was believed that HeV was a travel-associated disease,endemic in developing countries with poor hygienic standards and unsafe water ***,over the past years,publications have demonstrated that autochthonous HeV infections in industrialized countries are far more common than previously *** for HeV amongst health care practitioners in industrialized countries is still *** relatively rare disease is of great importance,especially in immunocompromised patients where it can cause chronic liver *** article comprehensively reviews current literature to give an overview on clinically important *** will focus on epidemiological aspects,acute and chronic HeV infection as well as extra-hepatic manifestations,diagnostic approach and treatment ***,the article is concluded with a brief outlook on perspectives and urgent problems to be addressed in the future.

关键词： Hepatitis e Hepatitis e virus(HeV) Ribavirin Transplantation extra hepatic

Utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2008年第5期9卷 681-687页

作者： eva SeLIC Jan-dirk HeRBeLL Waste Management engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg 47057 Germany

The rapidly increasing demand for energy in China leads to the construction of new power plants all over the country. Coal, as the main fuel resource of those power plants, results in increasing problems with the disposal of solid residues from combustion and off gas cleaning. This investigation describes chances for the utilization of fly ash from coal-fired power plants in China. After briefly comparing the situation in China and Germany, the status of aluminum recycling from fly ash and the ad- vantages for using fly ash in concrete products are introduced. Chemical and physical analyses of Chinese fly ash samples, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma) and particle size analysis, water requirement, etc. are presented. Rea- sonable amounts of aluminum were detected in the samples under investigation, but for recovery only sophisticated procedures are available up to now. Therefore, simpler techniques are suggested for the first steps in the utilization of Chinese fly ash.

关键词： Fly ash utilization Aluminum recycling Concrete Chemical and physical analyses

Deep Drawing with Local Hardening on Digital Multi-axis Servo Press

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(english Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1490-1495页

作者： Sebastian Kriechenbauer Reinhard Mauermann dirk Landgrebe Fraunhofer IWU

The paper discusses a new drawing technology, based on a synchronized movement of ram and cushion with multiple bending operations in alternating directions called ＂bi-directional deep drawing（BDD）.＂ The goal is to avoid local thinning by strengthening the weak point using local hardening. BDD operations are realized before the conventional deep drawing process. This results in a local strain hardening at the weak point of the workpiece, which is usually located at the bottom punch radius. Two major aspects have to be given attention due to the high number of process parameters. On the one hand, for process design, it is helpful to have a tool by means of which it is possible to simultaneously create both the machine program for the servo press and the initial configuration for the process simulation. From the authors＇ point of view, this complexity can only be represented by a numerical analysis method, on the other hand. Consequently, both aspects are given attention in this paper.

关键词： Bi-directional deep drawing(BDD) Local hardening Servo press Pulsation

enhancing perianal disease management with integrated physical and psychological approaches

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 59-63页

作者： Uchenna e Okpete Haewon Byeon Department of Digital Anti-aging Healthcare(BK21) Inje UniversityGimhae 50834South Korea

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the study by Hou et al,focusing on the complex interplay between psychological and physical factors in the postoperative recovery(POR)of patients with perianal *** study sheds light on how illness perception,anxiety,and depression significantly influence recovery *** et al developed a predictive model that demonstrated high accuracy in identifying patients at risk of poor *** article explores the critical role of pre-operative psychological assessment,highlighting the need for mental health support and personalized recovery plans in enhancing POR quality.A multidisciplinary approach,integrating mental health professionals with surgeons,anesthesiologists,and other specialists,is emphasized to ensure comprehensive care for *** study’s findings serve as a call to integrate psychological care into surgical practice to optimize outcomes for patients with perianal diseases.

关键词： Perianal disease Post-operative recovery Anxiety Depression Pain management emotional well-being Multidisciplinary approach

Development of a Long-Term Operational Optimization Model for a Building energy System Supplied by a Geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1293-1301页

作者： KÜMPeL Alexander STOFFeL Phillip MÜLLeR dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateAachen 52074Germany

In order to reduce energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions in the building sector, more and more renewable energy sources are integrated into energy systems. especially geothermal fields combined with heat pumps are able to supply buildings with heat and cold at low carbon emissions. However, using geothermal fields as heat and cold source influences the ground temperature. Consequently, the ground temperature can change dramatically over a building’s lifetime, leading to less efficient operation of the energy system. Therefore, a sustainable operation is required to ensure the long-term efficiency of geothermal fields. In this paper, we develop an optimization model to derive operating strategies for an efficient long-term operation of a building energy system coupled to a geothermal field. The investigated energy system is the main building of the *** energy Research Center in Aachen, Germany, which includes a heat pump, two boilers, a combined heat, and power unit, a glycol cooler, and a geothermal field with 41 probes. For each component, we develop energy-based sub-models, which are connected to form the overall system. The geothermal field is modeled by using a g-functions approach as well as a simplified resistance-capacitance approach. To achieve short computing times and realize an optimization horizon of several years, the optimization problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). The developed model is optimized regarding two different objectives: the minimization of energy costs and the minimization of long-term temperature changes in the ground. Conclusions for an efficient and sustainable operation of the field, especially for the cooling supply, can be derived from the optimization results. It is shown that a state of equilibrium should be aimed to achieve an energy-efficient operation, in which the temperature of the field is close to the initial ground temperature.

关键词： geothermal energy building energy systems operational optimization long-term operation

New Properties of HM16 ether, with Submicroparticles as Self-Functional Cells Interacting through Percussion Forces, establishing Nature of electrical Charges, including Gravitation

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第6期11卷 803-853页

作者： Ioan has Simona Miclaus Aurelian has Land Forces Academy “Nicolae Balcescu” Sibiu Romania Independent Researcher Rm. Valcea Romania

Article continues and complements our previous articles on the HM16 ether (eTH) model. Here, we describe the mechanism of occurrence of the submicroparticle (SMP). A general hypothesis, HFVI, is introduced for the modalities of interaction between two SMPs, based on periodic mechanical percussion forces, produced by fundamental vibrations FVs. A mechanism for describing the interaction between a SMPs and the eTH is presented. Positive and negative particles are defined by their membrane types of movement, such as +, −em>uem>/+, −em>vem> vibrations, and rotations at speeds +Ω/−Ω. The process of creating a pair of SMPs is discussed. Applying HFVI to the interaction between pairs of SMPs immobile in eTH, and considering longitudinal FVL, was obtained the forces of attraction/repulsion +em>Fem>em>Lem>21/–em>FLem>21, which correspond to the completed Coulomb forceem> FCCem> including gravitation. The resultant em>Fem>RL21 will form an oriented field of forces, which is a quasielectric field em>Qeem>, equivalent to actual em>eem> electric field. Considering transversal FVT, was obtained the vibratory forces +, −em>FTem>21, whose resultant forms an vibrating field of forces, em>QHsem>, a quasimagnetic special field, which may explain some of the quantum properties of SMPs. Considering a mobile SMP, two newem> γem> strains in eTH appear. Strains em>γLem> are created by the displacement of SMP with velocityem> Vem>, whose force +, −

关键词： Nature of electrical Charges Submicroparticle Constitution Microparticle Interaction by Percussions ether Model HM16 with Fundamental Vibrations Completed Coulomb’s Law Photon Constitution and Travel

Cloud-Based Optimal Control of Individual Borehole Heat exchangers in a Geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1253-1265页

作者： STOFFeL Phillip KÜMPeL Alexander MÜLLeR dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate52074 AachenGermany

Integrating renewable energy sources is a crucial component in reducing CO_(2) emissions in the building sector. In particular, shallow geothermal energy is expected to play a significant role in the regenerative energy supply of buildings. An effective control strategy for the geothermal field is crucial to reduce the overall energy consumption. This paper analyzes the benefits of controlling an existing field’s individual borehole heat exchangers(BHe) using nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC) and moving horizon estimation. The considered geothermal field consists of 41 BHes and is used for heating and cooling. each BHe is equipped with temperature sensors for in-and outflow and has individually controllable valves, while a central hydraulic pump feeds all BHes. The sensor measurements are accessed through a cloud platform, enabling also set point writing for the pump speed and the valve positions. To control the BHes individually, we propose a two-stage process. In the calibration stage, a moving horizon estimator estimates the actual borehole and ground temperatures for each BHe. In the second stage, first, a nonlinear model predictive controller optimizes the number of active BHes necessary to meet the buildings’ energy demand. With the estimated ground temperatures as a basis, it is determined which BHes shall be(de)-activated. The active BHes are fed with a fixed volume flow of 24 L/min to ensure turbulent heat transfer. To reduce the power usage of the pumps, an optimal control problem based on a simple hydraulic model of the geothermal field is used. The methodology is analyzed through simulations first and then validated experimentally. The results show that half or more of the BHes could be deactivated most of the time, leading to 67% savings in electricity consumption by the hydraulic pump. The experimental validation confirms the high energy saving potential of the proposed methodology, reducing the consumption of electrical energy by 71%. Additiona

关键词： geothermal energy moving horizon estimation model predictive control operation optimization optimal control

An efficient Calculation of Photonic Crystal Band Structures Using Taylor expansions

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第10期16卷 1355-1388页

作者： dirk Klindworth Kersten Schmidt Research Center MATHeON TU BerlinDepartment of MathematicsStraße des 17.Juni 13610623 BerlinGermany.

In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for the calculation of photonic crystal band structures and band structures of photonic crystal *** method relies on the fact that the dispersion curves of the band structure are smooth functions of the quasi-momentum in the one-dimensional Brillouin *** show the derivation and computation of the group velocity,the group velocity dispersion,and any higher derivative of the dispersion *** derivatives are then employed in a Taylor expansion of the dispersion *** control the error of the Taylor expansion with the help of a residual estimate and introduce an adaptive scheme for the selection of nodes in the one-dimensional Brillouin zone at which we solve the underlying eigenvalue problem and compute the derivatives of the dispersion *** proposed algorithm is not only advantageous as it decreases the computational effort to compute the band structure but also because it allows for the identification of crossings and anti-crossings of dispersion curves,*** identification is not possible with the standard approach of solving the underlying eigenvalue problem at a discrete set of values of the quasi-momentum without taking the mode parity into account.

关键词： Photonic crystals band structure calculation group velocity Taylor expansion adaptivity

How commercial involvement affects open source projects:three case studies on issue reporting

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 153-165页

作者： MA XiuJuan ZHOU MingHui RIeHLe dirk School of electronics engineering and Computer Science Peking University Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Friedrich-Alexander-University of erlangen-Nurnberg

Whereas most research on Internetware has focused on new technologies for keeping track of a changing Internet,little attention has been paid to the software development process.A large portion of the software running the Internet is open source *** source software is developed both by volunteers and commercial companies,often *** get involved in open source projects for commercial reasons,and bring with them a commercial software development ***,it is important to understand how commercial involvement affects the software development process of open source *** article presents case studies of three open source application servers that are being developed jointly by a volunteer community and one primary software *** are interested in better understanding developer behavior,specifically task distribution and performance,based on whether the developer is an external contributor,e.g.,a volunteer working in their spare time,or a commercial developer from inside the primary backing company who is being paid for their *** achieve this,we look at issue reporting as an example of commercial involvement in open source *** particular,we investigate the distribution of tasks among volunteers and commercial developers by studying the source of reported issues and quantify the task performance on user experience via the issue resolution *** construct measures based on historical records in issue tracking *** results show that,with intensified commercial involvement,the majority of issue reporting tasks would be undertaken by commercial developers,and issue resolution time would be reduced,implying a better user *** hope our methods and results provide practical insights for designing an efficient hybrid development process in the Internetware environment.

关键词： open source software development commercial involvement hybrid development contributor participation issue reporting