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How commercial involvement affects open source projects:three case studies on issue reporting

Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 153-165页

作者： MA XiuJuan ZHOU MingHui RIEHLE dirk School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nurnberg

Whereas most research on Internetware has focused on new technologies for keeping track of a changing Internet,little attention has been paid to the software development process.A large portion of the software running the Internet is open source *** source software is developed both by volunteers and commercial companies,often *** get involved in open source projects for commercial reasons,and bring with them a commercial software development ***,it is important to understand how commercial involvement affects the software development process of open source *** article presents case studies of three open source application servers that are being developed jointly by a volunteer community and one primary software *** are interested in better understanding developer behavior,specifically task distribution and performance,based on whether the developer is an external contributor,e.g.,a volunteer working in their spare time,or a commercial developer from inside the primary backing company who is being paid for their *** achieve this,we look at issue reporting as an example of commercial involvement in open source *** particular,we investigate the distribution of tasks among volunteers and commercial developers by studying the source of reported issues and quantify the task performance on user experience via the issue resolution *** construct measures based on historical records in issue tracking *** results show that,with intensified commercial involvement,the majority of issue reporting tasks would be undertaken by commercial developers,and issue resolution time would be reduced,implying a better user *** hope our methods and results provide practical insights for designing an efficient hybrid development process in the Internetware environment.

关键词： open source software development commercial involvement hybrid development contributor participation issue reporting

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Monitoring travel patterns in German city regions with the help of mobile phone network data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第3期14卷 379-399页

作者： Stefan Fina Jigeeshu Joshi dirk Wittowsky ILS-Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development gGmbH RWTH Aachen UniversityDortmundGermany German Aerospace Center DLR Berlin BerlinGermany Institute of Mobility and Urban Planning University Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

This paper discusses the possibility to use mobile phone network data to monitor spatial policies in land use and transport *** requires robust time series and reproducible concepts linking spatial policies to monitoring outcomes,a requirement differing from current literature where mobile phone data analysis is exemplified in selected areas with privileged data *** need to serve the evaluation of policy objectives,for example in regional or local area *** this study,we,therefore,extend the application of mobile phone network data to monitoring applications comparing urban settlement types and their characteristic mobility *** accomplish this,we link mobile phone records with urban classifications and transport network data,using both visual and computational approaches to mine the *** article presents comparisons of travel patterns for selected monocentric and polycentric city regions in Germany,testing hypotheses of transit-oriented regional development,as well as testing for congestion risks in the transport *** results help us to gain a more detailed understanding of spatial and temporal patterns in mobility for different urban types and assess future potentials for monitoring spatial policies with mobile phone network data.

关键词： Mobile phone network data big data urban mobility visual analytics congestion analysis spatial and temporal analysis GIS

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Current Developments in Cognitive Linguistics

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外国语 2008年第3期31卷 2-19页

作者： dirk Geeraerts University of Leuven Belgium

After 30 years of theoretical development,we need to address the question whether the internal evolution of Cognitive Linguistics can be synthesized:what are the fundamental underlying trends in Cognitive Linguistics,and how do they shape the current developments within Cognitive Linguistics This paper argues that Cognitive Linguistics is essentially characterized by a gradual recontextualization of the ***,the development of 20th century grammar is characterized by a succession of a decontextualizing and a recontextualizing ***,the various stages in the development of Cognitive Linguistics involve the gradual recovery of the various types of context that were discarded by generative *** involve the experiential and embodied context of meaning in natural language,the pragmatic context of actual language usage,and the social and cultural context of language as a shared code.

关键词：语言学外语教学方法发展现状

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Nonlinear health evaluation for lithium-ion battery within full-lifespan

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 333-341,I0010页

作者： Heze You Jiangong Zhu Xueyuan Wang Bo Jiang Hao Sun Xinhua Liu Xuezhe Wei Guangshuai Han Shicong Ding Hanqing Yu Weihan Li dirk Uwe Sauer Haifeng Dai School of Automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China National Fuel Cell Vehicle&Powertrain System Research&Engineering Center Shanghai 201804China Institute for Advanced Study Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai AI NEV Innovative Platform Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201804China School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Chair for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives(ISEA)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062Germany

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), as the first choice for green batteries, have been widely used in energy storage, electric vehicles, 3C devices, and other related fields, and will have greater application prospects in the future. However, one of the obstacles hindering the future development of battery technology is how to accurately evaluate and monitor battery health, which affects the entire lifespan of battery use. It is not enough to assess battery health comprehensively through the state of health(SoH) alone, especially when nonlinear aging occurs in onboard applications. Here, for the first time, we propose a brand-new health evaluation indicator—state of nonlinear aging(SoNA) to explain the nonlinear aging phenomenon that occurs during the battery use, and also design a knee-point identification method and two SoNA quantitative methods. We apply our health evaluation indicator to build a complete LIB full-lifespan grading evaluation system and a ground-to-cloud service framework, which integrates multi-scenario data collection, multi-dimensional data-based grading evaluation, and cloud management functions. Our works fill the gap in the LIBs’ health evaluation of nonlinear aging, which is of great significance for the health and safety evaluation of LIBs in the field of echelon utilization such as vehicles and energy storage. In addition, this comprehensive evaluation system and service framework are expected to be extended to other battery material systems other than LIBs, yet guiding the design of new energy ecosystem.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery State of nonlinear aging Knee-point Grading evaluation system Echelon utilization

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Migration to Intermediate XML for Electronic Data (MIXED)

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现代图书情报技术 2008年第1期 21-32页

作者： dirk ROORDA Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) NL

MIXED is a digital preservation project. It uses a strategy of converting data to intermediate XML. In this paper we position this strategy with respect to the well-known emulation and migration strategies. Then we detail the MIXED strategy and explain why it is an optimized, economical way of migration. Finally, we describe how DANS is implementing a software tool that can perform the migrations needed for this strategy.

关键词：电子数据数字资源长期保存迁移文件格式软件开发 XML MIXED 图书馆

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Smoking prevalence in the area of responsibility of the German Ministry of Defense——results of the employee survey in the context of occupational health management

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 343-349页

作者： Stefan Sammito Annika Claus dirk-Matthias Rose Department I 3 Research&Development Air Force Centre of Aerospace MedicineCologneGermany Occupational Medicine Faculty of MedicineOtto-von-Guericke-University of MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany Institute for Teachers’Health Institute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental Medicine of the Johannes-Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Background:Tobacco use,correlated with reduced physical fitness,is one of the leading causes of avoidable death *** increases the risk of dementia and can shorten the lifespan by 10 *** the German Armed Forces(Bundeswehr),figures on smoking behavior have not been comprehensively *** study analyzes current data in a large sample from this ***:Based on an employee survey as part of the Occupational Health Management System,data on smoking behavior from 13,326 participants were analyzed in relation to age,gender,professional status,education level and membership in military operational units versus other ***:Smoking behavior varied significantly(Polder),gender,professional status,military agency membership status,and education level(the lower the education level,the higher the smoking rates).With the exception of the downward trend in smoking behavior with increasing age among civilian employees,these results were all significant(P<0.005).Conclusions:This data analysis shows that smoking prevalence among personnel in the area of responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Defense is comparable to the current data from corresponding surveys of the German *** on gender,they generally show values that are slightly above those of the German *** well-known trend in the general population of decreasing smoking prevalence with increasing age is also seen in this ***,there are considerable differences in the smoking prevalence among individual subgroups(professional status,agency,gender,education level).The data show that particular young soldiers in the armed forces should be the target group for further preventive measures.

关键词： Prevention Smoking Military Health promotion

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Atomistic simulation of tension deformation behavior in magnesium single crystal

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2010年第5期23卷 370-380页

作者： Yafang GUO Yuesheng WANG Honggang QI dirk STEGLICH Institute of Engineering Mechanics Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China GKSS Research Centre Institute of Materials Research Materials Mechanics D-21502 Geesthacht Germany Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 Korea

The deformation behavior in magnesium single crystal under c-axis tension is investigated in a temperature range between 250 K and 570 K by molecular dynamics simulations. At a low temperature, twinning and shear bands are found to be the main deformation mechanisms. In particular, the {102} tension twins with the reorientation angle of about 90 °are observed in the simulations. The mechanisms of {102} twinning are illustrated by the simulated motion of atoms. Moreover, grain nucleation and growth are found to be accompanied with the {102} twinning. At temperatures above 450 K, the twin frequency decreases with increasing temperature. The {102} extension twin almost disappears at the temperature of 570 K. The non-basal slip plays an important role on the tensile deformation in magnesium single crystal at high temperatures.

关键词： Atomistic simulations Magnesium Twinning c-axis tension

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A Comparative Study of the Local Heat Transfer Distributions Around Various Surface Mounted Obstacles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第2期23卷 169-176页

作者： Robert Wyssmann dirk Ullmer Alexandros Terzis Peter Ott Group of Thermal Turbomachinery(GTT) cole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)SCI-STI-POCH-1015LausanneSwitzerland

In many engineering applications,heat transfer enhancement techniques are of vital importance in order to ensure reliable thermal designs of convective heat transfer *** study examines experimentally the heat transfer characteristics on the base plate around various surface mounted *** convection coefficients are evaluated in the vicinity of each individual protruding body with great spatial resolution using the transient liquid crystal *** different obstacles of constant height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio(~1.3) are *** include:a cylinder,a square,a triangle,a diamond and a vortex generator of delta wing shape *** experiments were carried out over a range of freestream Reynolds numbers,based on the hydraulic diameter of each obstacle,varying from 4,000 to 13,*** results indicate a negligible effect of the flow speed on the heat transfer topological structure and a considerable effect of the obstacle geometry on the level and distribution of heat transfer enhancement.

关键词：表面贴装强化传热技术热分布空间分辨率涡流发生器障碍物对流换热对流系数

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Characterization of colloidal arsenic at two abandoned gold mine sites in Nova Scotia, Canada, using asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 189-196页

作者： Kathryn J Tindale Pritesh J Patel dirk Wallschlager Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre Trent University Peterborough ON K9L 0G2 Canada Ore Pros Inc Beamsville ON LOR 1B2 Canada

Asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine whether colloidal arsenic（As） exists in soil pore water and soil extract samples at two arsenic-contaminated abandoned gold mines（Montague and Goldenville, Nova Scotia）. Colloidal arsenic was found in 12 out of the 80 collected samples（= 15%）, and was primarily associated with iron（Fe） in the encountered colloids. The molar Fe/As ratios indicate that the colloids in some samples appeared to be discrete iron–arsenic minerals, whereas in other samples, they were more consistent with As-rich iron（oxy）hydroxides. Up to three discrete size fractions of colloidal As were encountered in the samples, with mean colloid diameters between 6 and 14 nm. The pore water samples only contained one size fraction of As-bearing colloids（around 6 nm diameter）, while larger As-bearing colloids were only encountered in soil extracts.

关键词： Arsenic Colloids Gold mine tailings ICP-MS Nova Scotia Nanoparticles

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Arranging Electronic Localization of PtCu Nanoalloys to Stimulate Improved Oxygen Electroreduction for High-Performance Fuel Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第11期5卷 2545-2556页

作者： Bing Wu Jiayong Xiao Longbin Li Ting Hu Ming Qiu dirk Lützenkirchen-Hecht Kai Yuan Yiwang Chen Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031 School of Physics and Materials Science Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031 Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences-Physics Department Bergische Universität WuppertalWuppertal D-42119 National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022

Developing exceptionally durable and efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is of paramount importance to the widespread commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)but is still ***,PtCu nanoalloys rooted on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets(PtCuNC-700)with fully exposed PtCu nanoalloys and strong metal–support interaction were *** from its structural and compositional merits,PtCuNC-700 showcases superior ORR activity and stability with a specific activity of 1.05mA cm^(−2)and mass activity of 0.45 A mgPt^(−1),4.2-fold and 3.7-fold higher than Pt/C(0.25 mA cm^(−2)and 0.12 A mgPt^(−1)),***,PtCuNC-700 exhibits first-class performance in H2/air PEMFC assessment and delivers a peak power density of 929.7 mW cm^(−2)and excellent cycling stability up to 30,000 *** calculations disclose that the synergistic effect of alloying Pt with Cu combined with the strong interaction between PtCu nanoalloys and nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets can effectively modify the local electron configuration and density of states of Pt sites approaching the Fermi ***,the PtCu-alloy catalysts realized here diminish the energy barrier for ORR and accelerate their reaction *** work provides a reliable and effective approach to boost the activity and stability of Pt alloy-based ORR electrocatalysts in PEMFCs.

关键词： PtCu nanoalloy strong metal-support interaction stability oxygen reduction reaction fuel cells

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