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Spatial distribution and risk assessments of mercury in topsoils of Central Asia

Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 270-279页

作者： Zhengzheng Yang Junming Guo Shiwei Sun Dingming Ni Pengfei Chen dipesh rupakheti Huhu Kang Sabur F Abdullaev Salamat Abdyzhapar uulu Shichang Kang Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China S.U.Umarov Physical Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Dushanbe 734063Tajikistan Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(Bishkek) 720001Kyrgyzstan Geography Department Geology InstituteNational Academy of Sciences720001Kyrgyzstan

Central Asia is one of the largest arid areas on earth,yet little is known about the concentration levels and risks of mercury(Hg)in the soils of this region.In this study,extensive sampling of topsoils(0-10 cm)from representative landscapes was carried out over Central Asia(i.e.,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,and Kyrgyzstan).The total mercury(THg)concentrations in topsoils varied widely from 1.6 to 908.0 ng/g,with high values observed in samples collected in the capital cities and urban areas.Topsoil THg concentrations among different landscapes showed a decreasing order of urban(79.8±184.0 ng/g)>woodland(27.3±28.9 ng/g)>grassland(20.6±15.9 ng/g)>farmland(18.3±9.5 ng/g)>desert(12.3±8.0 ng/g).High THg concentrations were found in the capital cities/urban clusters,followed by a gradual decrease towards the peripheries.THg concentrations were found to be negatively correlated with the distance from the sampling sites to their nearest cities,indicating that anthropogenic emissions significantly influenced the spatial distribution of topsoil Hg.A significant correlation between THg concentrations and topsoil total organic carbon(TOC)contents was also observed,suggesting that TOC played an essential role in the spatial distribution of topsoil Hg.The assessments of pollution and potential ecological risk suggested that topsoils in highly densely-populated areas were contaminated by Hg and had higher degrees of potential ecological risks.The health risk assessment results showed that the exposure risk of topsoil Hg to children was higher than that to adults.Fortunately,there was no unacceptable human health risk of topsoil Hg.This study clarified the spatial distribution and risks of Hg in the Central Asian topsoils,offering new insight into the risk prevention and control of soil Hg.

关键词： Mercury Topsoil Landscape Spatial distribution Risk assessment Central Asia

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Influence of transboundary air pollution on air quality in southwestern China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 114-128页

作者： Xiufeng Yin Shichang Kang Maheswar rupakheti Benjamin de Foy Ping Li Junhua Yang Kunpeng Wu Qianggong Zhang dipesh rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63108USA Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Air pollution is a grand challenge of our time due to its multitude of adverse impacts on environment and society,with the scale of impacts more severe in developing countries,including China.Thus,China has initiated and implemented strict air pollution control measures over last several years to reduce impacts of air pollution.Monitoring data from Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 on six criteria air pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(2.5),and PM_(10))at eight sites in southwestern China were investigated to understand the situation and analyze the impacts of transboundary air pollutants in this region.In terms of seasonal variation,the maximum concentrations of air pollutants at these sites were observed in winter or spring season depending on individual site.For diurnal variation,surface ozone peaked in the afternoon while the other pollutants had a bimodal pattern with peaks in the morning and late afternoon.There was limited transport of domestic emissions of air pollutants in China to these sites.Local emissions enhanced the concentrations of air pollutants during some pollution events.Mostly,the transboundary transport of air pollution from South Asia and Southeast Asia was associated with high concentrations of most air pollutants observed in southwestern China.Since air pollutants can be transported to southwestern China over long distances from the source regions,it is necessary to conduct more research to properly attribute and quantify transboundary transport of air pollutants,which will provide more solid scientific guidance for air pollution management in southwestern China.

关键词： Air pollutants Transboundary transport Southwestern China

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Modifications in aerosol physical, optical and radiative properties during heavy aerosol events over Dushanbe, Central Asia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 299-312页

作者： dipesh rupakheti Maheswar rupakheti Xiufeng Yin Julian Hofer Mukesh Rai Yuling Hu Sabur F.Abdullaev Shichang Kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research LeipzigGermany Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan DushanbeTajikistan Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The location of Central Asia,almost at the center of the global dust belt region,makes it susceptible for dust events.The studies on atmospheric impact of dust over the region are very limited despite the large area occupied by the region and its proximity to the mountain regions (Tianshan,Hindu Kush-KarakoramHimalayas,and Tibetan Plateau).In this study,we analyse and explain the modification in aerosols’physical,optical and radiative properties during various levels of aerosol loading observed over Central Asia utilizing the data collected during 2010–2018 at the AERONET station in Dushanbe,Tajikistan.Aerosol episodes were classified as strong anthropogenic,strong dust and extreme dust.The mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) during these three types of events was observed a factor of ~3,3.5 and 6.6,respectively,higher than the mean AOD for the period 2010–2018.The corresponding mean fine-mode fraction was 0.94,0.20 and 0.16,respectively,clearly indicating the dominance of fine-mode anthropogenic aerosol during the first type of events,whereas coarse-mode dust aerosol dominated during the other two types of events.This was corroborated by the relationships among various aerosol parameters (AOD vs.AE,and EAE vs.AAE,SSA and RRI).The mean aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) at the top of the atmosphere (ARF_(TOA)),the bottom of the atmosphere (ARF_(BOA)),and in the atmosphere (ARFATM) were -35±7,-73±16,and38±17 Wm^(-2)during strong anthropogenic events,-48±12,-85±24,and 37±15 Wm^(-2)during strong dust event,and -68±19,-117±38,and 49±21 Wm-2during extreme dust events.Increase in aerosol loading enhanced the aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate to 0.5–1.6 K day^(-1)(strong anthropogenic events),0.4–1.9 K day^(-1)(strong dust events) and 0.8–2.7 K day^(-1)(extreme dust events).The source regions of air masses to Dushanbe during the onset of such events are also identified.Our study contributes to the understanding of dust and anthropogenic aerosols,in particular the extreme events and their disproportionally high radiativ

关键词： Dust events Aerosol optical properties AERONET Dushanbe Central Asia

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Impacts of Indian summer monsoon and stratospheric intrusion on air pollutants in the inland Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 294-298页

作者： Xiufeng Yin Shichang Kang Benjamin de Foy dipesh rupakheti Maheswar rupakheti Zhiyuan Cong Xin Wanb Guoshuai Zhang Qianggong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63108USA Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing 100012China

Air pollutants can be transported to the pristine regions such as the Tibetan Plateau,by monsoon and stratospheric intrusion.The Tibetan Plateau region has limited local anthropogenic emissions,while this region is influenced strongly by transport of heavy emissions mainly from South Asia.We conducted a comprehensive study on various air pollutants (PM_(2.5),total gaseous mercury,and surface ozone) at Nam Co Station in the inland Tibetan Plateau.Monthly mean PM_(2.5)concentration at Nam Co peaked in April before monsoon season,and decreased during the whole monsoon season (June–September).Monthly mean total gaseous mercury concentrations at Nam Co peaked in July and were in high levels during monsoon season.The Indian summer monsoon acted as a facilitator for transporting gaseous pollutants (total gaseous mercury) but a suppressor for particulate pollutants (PM_(2.5)) during the monsoon season.Different from both PM_(2.5)and total gaseous mercury variabilities,surface ozone concentrations at Nam Co are primarily attributed to stratospheric intrusion of ozone and peaked in May.The effects of the Indian summer monsoon and stratospheric intrusion on air pollutants in the inland Tibetan Plateau are complex and require further studies.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Nam Co PM_(2.5) Total gaseous mercury Surface ozone

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Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern Indo-Gangetic Plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Jie Huang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Rukumesh Paudyal dipesh rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBM) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing factors.The PBM concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBM/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBM levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. Meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBM concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBM deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBM over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality Mercury isotopes Deposition flux Indo-Gangetic Plain

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