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Radio-Anatomical Study of Anterior Variants of the Polygon of Willis

Open Journal of Radiology 2023年第4期13卷 185-194页

作者： diop aboulaye dione Mar Ndeye Bigué Diouf Joseph Coumba Ndofféne diop Sokhna Ba Medical Imaging Service Fann Hospital Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Anatomy/UMRED Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal

The anterior system of the polygon of Willis plays an anastomotic role between the carotid territories and communicates with the posterior system. It ensures adequate cerebral blood flow in the event of internal occlusion. Its ability to redistribute blood flow depends on its morphology, the presence and size of the vessels that constitute it and their variants, knowledge of which is essential. The morphology of the carotid system is not constant and a number of variants are well recognized with greater hemodynamic importance. In this context, we undertook this work which aims to seek the anatomical variants of the anterior part of the PW;to determine the diameters of the vessels of the latter and to correlate these results with epidemiological data. We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 4 months at Fann University Hospital, targeting patients who had undergone brain MRI with a 3D TOF sequence whatever the indication. Patients with lesions of cerebrovascular pathologies such as ischemia, hemorrhage, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations or presenting a limited analysis examination due to the presence of kinetic or other artifact, were not included. Demographic data and anatomical variants were studied as well as the measurements of any continuous arterial segment greater than 0.8 mm in diameter. Those less than 0.8 mm in diameter were considered hypoplastic. The C3 segment of the internal carotid arteries, the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery, constituted our main measurement sites. The sex ratio was 1.06, the mean age of the patients was 43 years ± 17.9 with extremes of 11 and 85 years. The anterior configuration of the polygon was complete in 57.5% representing 50% of men and 65.5% of women, in 56% of subjects under 40 years old and 58% in subjects over 40 years old. We noted a predominance of type a in 47% of patients followed by type g found in 35% of patients. The morphology of the anterior system of the Willis polygon

关键词： Polygon of Willis Anamicals Variants Vascular Diseases

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Early Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis after Mitral Valve Replacement: A Case Report

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第3期14卷 33-40页

作者： Papa Amath Diagne Mory Camara Papa Ousmane Ba Momar Sokhna diop Moussa Samba Abdou Lahad Mbengue Jean Claude Ndiogou dione Myriam Bizrane Marième Soda Mbaye Moussa Seck diop Toudiani Malam Kaka Papa Salmane Ba Papa Adama Dieng Amadou Gabriel Ciss Assane Ndiaye Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department FANN National University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Tuberculous endocarditis is a rare but serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery. We report the case of a 24-year-old patient, who presented with tuberculous endocarditis after mechanical mitral valve replacement, with a favorable clinical course following anti-tuberculosis treatment. Case Presentation: We report a 24-year-old male patient, admitted to the cardiac surgery department of the Fann Hospital (Dakar, Senegal), for the management of severe mixed (rheumatic and endocarditic) mitral insufficiency with associated tricuspid insufficiency. He had a history of recurrent angina and polyarthralgia in childhood, was hospitalized several times for refractory global cardiac decompensation, and for a suspected infective endocarditis a month before his admission. On admission, the clinical examination revealed signs suggestive of mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe post-endocarditic mitral insufficiency with A3 amputation, highly mobile 15 mm vegetations on the free edge of the large valve, moderate tricuspid insufficiency, and severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Mechanical mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty using autologous pericardial strip were performed via median sternotomy. After ten days, the patient presented with global cardiac decompensation associated with a clinico-biological infectious syndrome, and tans-oesophageal echography revealed an abscess at the sinotubular junction, communicating with the aorta. A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan was done, which revealed a bilateral alveolar-interstitial syndrome with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Anti-tuberculosis treatment with RHZE was initiated for 06 months. The clinical course was favorable. Conclusion: Tuberculous endocarditis in prostheses is a serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery, which may evolve favorably under medical treatment.

关键词： Tuberculous Endocarditis Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Results of the First 10 Cases of Coronary Bypass Surgery in Senegal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第4期14卷 45-60页

作者： Papa Amath Diagne Jean Claude Ndiogou dione Papa Ousmane Ba Momar Sokhna diop El Hadji Boubacar Ba Momar Dioum Marième Soda Mbaye Moussa Seck diop Mory Camara Abdou Lahad Mbengue Abdou Aziz Thiaw Abdoul Khoudoss Diallo Moussa Mareme Samba Dialtabé Ibrahima Guéssé Ba Anta Mbaye Sall Papa Salmaneba Amadou Gabriel Ciss Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery FANN National University Hospital Dakar Senegal

This is a review of the first 10 coronary artery bypass surgeries performed by the local team. The mean age was 62 years old [45 - 74]. The patients were predominantly male, with a M/F ratio of 4:1. Cardiovascular risk factors were mainly myocardial infarction (MI) (60%), hypertension (50%), obesity (40%) and diabetes (30%), with at least two risk factors per patient. Angina was the main symptom (80%). The average time from presentation to surgery was 8 months. The mean Euroscore 2 was 2.92 ± 1.65 [1.33 - 6.60]. Coronary angiography revealed an average of 2 lesions per patient, with 3-vessel involvement in 70% of cases: the Interventricular artery (IVA) (100%), the right coronary artery (90%) and the circumflex artery (70%). On echocardiography, the mean Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 59% [33% - 76%]. All patients underwent median sternotomy with bypass grafting. The average duration of the cardiopulmonary bypass was 150 min [46 - 275 min];that of aortic clamping, 120 min [43 - 232 min]. The grafts used were internal thoracic artery (ITA) in 100% of cases (80% on the left and 20% on the right), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) in 60% of cases (50% on the left and 10 on the right). Double bypass was performed in 60% of cases, single bypass in 30% and triple bypass in 10%. The bypasses were performed on the IVA (100%), the middle lateral of the circumflex (30%) and the bisector (20%). The average time to extubation was 11 hours and the length of stay in the intensive care unit was 7 days [03 - 17 days]. One patient had a reoperation on Day 0 post-op. The average hospital stay was 13 days [06 - 27 days]. Complications occurred in nine of the patients (90%), with a predominance of infectious and neurological complications. Overall operative mortality was 3%, all in intensive care.

关键词： Coronary Bypass Surgery Coronary Lesions Cardiac Surgery Senegal

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Enhancing Precision in Radiotherapy Delivery: Validating Monte Carlo Simulation Models for 6 MV Elekta Synergy Agility LINAC Photon Beam Using Two Models of the GAMOS Code

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第2期14卷 146-163页

作者： Nogaye Ndiaye Oumar Ndiaye Papa Macoumba Faye Kodjo Joël Fabrice N’Guessan Djicknack dione Khady Sy Moussa Hamady Sy Jean Paul Latyr Faye Alassane Traoré Ababacar Sadikhe Ndao Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The most crucial requirement in radiation therapy treatment planning is a fast and accurate treatment planning system that minimizes damage to healthy tissues surrounding cancer cells. The use of Monte Carlo toolkits has become indispensable for research aimed at precisely determining the dose in radiotherapy. Among the numerous algorithms developed in recent years, the GAMOS code, which utilizes the Geant4 toolkit for Monte Carlo simula-tions, incorporates various electromagnetic physics models and multiple scattering models for simulating particle interactions with matter. This makes it a valuable tool for dose calculations in medical applications and throughout the patient’s volume. The aim of this present work aims to vali-date the GAMOS code for the simulation of a 6 MV photon-beam output from the Elekta Synergy Agility linear accelerator. The simulation involves mod-eling the major components of the accelerator head and the interactions of the radiation beam with a homogeneous water phantom and particle information was collected following the modeling of the phase space. This space was po-sitioned under the X and Y jaws, utilizing three electromagnetic physics mod-els of the GAMOS code: Standard, Penelope, and Low-Energy, along with three multiple scattering models: Goudsmit-Saunderson, Urban, and Wentzel-VI. The obtained phase space file was used as a particle source to simulate dose distributions (depth-dose and dose profile) for field sizes of 5 × 5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm in a water phantom, with a source-surface distance (SSD) of 90 cm from the target. We compared the three electromagnetic physics models and the three multiple scattering mod-els of the GAMOS code to experimental results. Validation of our results was performed using the gamma index, with an acceptability criterion of 3% for the dose difference (DD) and 3 mm for the distance-to-agreement (DTA). We achieved agreements of 94% and 96%, respectively, between simulation and experimentation for t

关键词： GAMOS Monte Carlo LINAC Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Phase Space Gamma Index 6 MV Photon Beam

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Mango Diseases Classification Solutions Using Machine Learning or Deep Learning: A Review

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第12期10卷 16-28页

作者： Demba Faye Idy diop Doudou dione Cheikh Anta diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The mango crop suffers from several diseases that reduce both the production and the quality of the mangoes. This also reduces its price on the international market. Diagnosis of these diseases remains difficult in many countries due to poverty and lack of infrastructure. Plant pathologists use several techniques to identify these diseases. But these techniques are time consuming and relatively expensive for mango growers and the solutions proposed are often not very accurate and sometimes biased. In the last decade, researchers have proposed several solutions in the field of automatic diagnosis of mango diseases. Such solutions are based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. In this paper, we divided these solutions into two groups: solutions based on classical ML algorithms, and those based on DL. In recent years, DL, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has become the most widely used method by researchers because of its impressive performance. The critical analysis of the proposed solutions has allowed us to identify their limits and potential challenges in mango disease automatic diagnosis.

关键词： Mango Diseases Diagnosis Image Processing Machine Learning Deep Learning

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Plant Disease Severity Assessment Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Survey

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2023年第9期11卷 57-75页

作者： Demba Faye Idy diop Nalla Mbaye Doudou dione Marius Mintu Diedhiou Polytechnic School of Dakar University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The world’s agricultural production suffers huge losses estimated between 20% and 40% annually. 40% to 50% of such losses are due to pest and diseases which cause significant economic losses every year. Precise assessment of severity is crucial for suitable management of crop diseases. It helps famers to avoid yield losses, reduce production costs, ensure good disease management and so on. This paper is a review of plant diseases severity estimation solutions proposed by researchers the last few years and based on Image Processing Techniques (IPT), classical Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. The analysis of these solutions has allowed us to identify their limitations and potential challenges in plant disease severity assessment.

关键词： Plant Disease Severity Machine Learning Deep Learning

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Hardware Security for IoT in the Quantum Era: Survey and Challenges

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Journal of Information Security 2023年第4期14卷 227-249页

作者： Doudou dione Boly Seck Idy diop Pierre-Louis Cayrel Demba Faye Ibrahima Gueye IT Engineering Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a reality: Healthcare, smart cities, intelligent manufacturing, e-agriculture, real-time traffic controls, environment monitoring, camera security systems, etc. are developing services that rely on an IoT infrastructure. Thus, ensuring the security of devices during operation and information exchange becomes a fundamental requirement inherent in providing safe and reliable IoT services. NIST requires hardware implementations that are protected against SCAs for the lightweight cryptography standardization process. These attacks are powerful and non-invasive and rely on observing the physical properties of IoT hardware devices to obtain secret information. In this paper, we present a survey of research on hardware security for the IoT. In addition, the challenges of IoT in the quantum era with the first results of the NIST standardization process for post-quantum cryptography are discussed.

关键词： IoT Hardware Security Side-Channel Attacks Post-Quantum Cryptography NIST

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Influence of the Magnetic Field on the Transient Decay of the Density of Charge Carriers in a Silicon Photocell with Vertical Multijunctions Connected in Series Placed in Open Circuit

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第12期14卷 747-761页

作者： Papa Monzon Alassane Samake Papa Touty Traore Babou dione Pape diop Fatimata Ba Mamadou Wade Physics Departement Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Polytechnic School of Thies Water and Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory Thies Senegal

This study investigates the effect of the magnetic field on the transient density of excess minority charge carriers in the base of a series-connected vertical junction silicon solar cell. The solar cell is presented in open circuit transient operation. The magnetic field through the Laplace force which deflects the photogenerated carriers from their initial trajectory towards the lateral surfaces reducing their mobility, diffusion and conduction, will certainly influence the decay time of the transient regime. The transient density of excess minority carriers in the base is a sum of infinite terms whose decay time of the different harmonics is studied.

关键词： Silicon Solar Cell-Series Vertical Junction Recombination Velocities Magnetic Field Base Thickness (P) Eigenvalues Decay Time Constant

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Quality of Well Water Used for Market Gardening from Lendeng Area Located in Common of Rufisque (Senegal)

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第4期11卷 277-284页

作者： Birame Ndiaye Momar Ndiaye Benita Pérez Cid Abdoulaye diop Ibrahima Diagne Dame Cissé Cheikh Tidiane dione Maoudo Hane Mame Mor dione Sitor Diouf Seydou Ba Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vigo Vigo Spain

This study analysis was conducted to know the quality of well water around the market gardening area of Lendeng located in the common of Rufisque Est (Senegal). In this study, six groundwater samples were taken near the Lendeng market gardening area. The physicochemical parameters of water such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), iron (Fe2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO3-4) and phosphate (PO3-4) were measured. The analysis results obtained show sulphate and phosphate have the highest levels. These results were compared to drinking water standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). The correlation coefficient ANOVA was applied to the test result of the samples. The statistical study showed that the well water in the market gardening area of Lendeng is not polluted.

关键词： Physicochemical Parameters Well Water Lendeng Market Gardening Rufisque

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MRI Signal Abnormalities of the Optic Tracts, a Marker of Meningoencephalitis Caused by Trypanosoma Gambiense (TG)—A Delayed Patho-Radlological Correlation

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Caroline Magne Nfally Badji Lera Geraud Akpo Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Hamidou Deme Philomène Kouna Abdoulaye dione diop Abdoulaye Ndoye diop Sokhna Ba Elhadj Niang Radiology Office of “De la Paix University Hospital” Ziguinchor Senegal Internal Medicine Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiology Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Parasitic meningoencephalitis presents several etiologies which sometimes depend on their geographical location. They require thorough blood and cerebrospinal fluid check-up for directing an efficient treatment. Clinicians and radiologists are constantly looking for specific signs that could point to a particular etiology. The meningoencephalitis caused by Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TG) is a rare disease characterized by a slow progression, over years sometimes. Its non-specific presentation either clinically or in imaging can lead to misdiagnosis and thus, delay the treatment. However, involvement of the optic tracts seems to be characteristic of this condition, on old data from animal experimentation and recent high-field MRI data. MRI is the best current technique to explore the brain, cranial nerves, and visual pathways. In this article, we are going to present two observations of meningoencephalitis caused by HAT and then discuss some specific aspects of this neglected and re-emerging disease.

关键词： Human African Trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense Diffuse Meningo-Encephalitis Optic Tract Evolvement

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