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Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) Residue Incorporation on CH4 and N2O Emission from a Double-Rice Paddy Soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第9期11卷 1537-1544页

作者： ZHU Bo1,yi Li-xia1, HU Yue-gao1, ZENG Zhao-hai1, TANG Hai-ming2, YANG Guang-li2 and XIAO Xiao-ping2 1 college of agronomy and Biotechnology, china agricultural university, Beijing 100193, P.R.china 2 Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125, P.R.china [a] college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China [b] Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute Changsha 410125 P.R. China

Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from paddy soils have seldom been estimated when leguminous green manure is applied as a nitrogen source. In this paper, gas fluxes were measured by using a pot sampling device combined with a static chamber method to estimate the effects of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L., CMV) on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions and their integrated global warming potentials (GWP) in a double-rice cropping system. Four treatments (no nitrogen fertilizer, NF; urea as chemical fertilizer, CF; CMV incorporation, MV; 50% CMV incorporation and 50% urea, MVCF) were established. CH 4 flux peaked on the 15th d after treatment application. Total season CH 4 emission was increased by MV and MVCF by 370 and 209%, 152 and 66%, when compared with NF and CF, respectively. Most of the increased CH 4 was emitted in the first two months after incorporation of CMV. N 2 O emission from CF was 17- and 5.6-fold higher than that from MV and MVCF, respectively. Application of CMV restricted N 2 O emission caused by the application of urea. Improved CMV residue management was needed to minify CH 4 emission induced by the input of organic material. Despite the highest GWP being found in MV, we recommend CMV, when applied as an N source in paddy fields, as a potential mitigation tool for greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Chinese milk vetch double-rice global warming potential methane nitrous oxide

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Long-Term Fertilization Effect on Fertility of Salt-Affected Soils

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Pedosphere 2005年第5期15卷 669-675页

作者： NIU Ling-An HAO Jin-Min ding Zhong-yi LI Xin-Bo NIU Xin-Sheng ZHANG Bao-Zhong college of Resources and Environment China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China）. Handan agricultural School Handan 056001 （China）

The long-term effects of annual fertilizer applications on the fertility of salt-affected soils under the rotation system of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and maize （Zea mays L.） are not well documented. In 1984, research plots were established to test the effects of annual applications of different rates of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） fertilizers on the fertility of a salt-affected soil （Typic Ustochrept） at the Quzhou Experimental Station, Quzhou County, Hebei Province, china. In October 2001, composite soil samples （0-20 and 20 40 cm） were collected from each plot and analyzed for soil fertility indices. Seventeen years of N and P fertilizer applications increased the soil organic matter （SOM） in the surface layer. With combined N, 270 （N1） and 540 （N2） kg N ha^-1 year^-1, and P, 67.5 （P1） and 135 （P2） kg P205 ha^-1 year^-1, fertilizer applications, total soil N mostly significantly decreased （P〈0.05）. Soil total P in the 0-20 cm layer of the P2 treatment significantly （P （0.05） increased as compared to those of the other treatments. Rapidly available P （RP） in the 0-20 cm layer of the N1P2 treatment was significantly higher than those in the other treatments except the P2 treatment; and RP in the 0-20 cm layer of the P2 treatment significantly increased as compared to those of the other treatments except the P1 and N1P2 treatments. RP in the subsurface soil layer （20-40 cm） of the P2 treatment （4.2 mg P kg^-1） was significantly （P〈0.05） higher than those in the other treatments. Nevertheless, long-term N fertilization did not significantly increase the alkali-hydrolyzable N in the soil. However, in the salt-affected surface soils the application of combined N and P fertilizers over 17 years significantly （P〈0.05） decreased rapidly available potassium （K）. The results suggested that while under long-term fertilizer applications some soil fertility parameters could be maintained or enhanced, careful monitoring of soil fertility was necessary as other nutrients

关键词： long-term fertilization maize salt-affected soil soil fertility wheat

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一个新质源大麦核质互作雄性不育系96f 7A的选育及其遗传研究

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四川大学学报（自然科学版） 2001年第4期38卷 580-583页

作者：冯宗云张义正四川大学生命科学学院

报道了大麦核质互作型雄性不育系 96f 7A的选育过程及其形态特征和主要农艺性状 ,并研究了其雄性不育性状的遗传 .结果表明 ,96f 7A为二棱皮大麦 ,开颖开花 ,花药瘦小 ,不开裂 ,不散粉 ,不育彻底 ,农艺性状较好 ,其不育性状受 1对隐性... 详细信息

报道了大麦核质互作型雄性不育系 96f 7A的选育过程及其形态特征和主要农艺性状 ,并研究了其雄性不育性状的遗传 .结果表明 ,96f 7A为二棱皮大麦 ,开颖开花 ,花药瘦小 ,不开裂 ,不散粉 ,不育彻底 ,农艺性状较好 ,其不育性状受 1对隐性基因控制 .该不育系的不育细胞质来自四川大麦地方品种。

关键词：大麦核质互作型雄性不育选育过程 96f7A 核不育基因农艺性状遗传学

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中国草地碳汇功能提升的挑战和行动对策

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草地学报 2024年第4期32卷 987-994页

作者：张一然赵依杨倪义平张雅楠丁勇刘丽中国农业科学院草原研究所内蒙古呼和浩特010010 内蒙古自治区草原保护生态学重点实验室内蒙古呼和浩特010010 中国农业科学院研究生院北京100081 青岛农业大学草业学院山东青岛266109 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站鄂尔多斯分站内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,中国草地资源丰富,碳汇潜力巨大,在“双碳”战略目标下,如何发挥和提高草地碳汇能力,助力碳中和目标早日实现,显得尤为迫切。目前,草地碳汇发展面临诸多问题和挑战,草地碳汇功能稳定提升的行... 详细信息

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,中国草地资源丰富,碳汇潜力巨大,在“双碳”战略目标下,如何发挥和提高草地碳汇能力,助力碳中和目标早日实现,显得尤为迫切。目前,草地碳汇发展面临诸多问题和挑战,草地碳汇功能稳定提升的行动对策仍不清楚。本文综述了近年来我国草地生态系统碳储量相关研究成果及碳源汇特征,阐明影响草地生态系统碳汇作用的关键因素,系统分析了草地碳汇能力提升所面临的挑战,提出应均衡协调草地保护与利用、科学修复退化草地、扶持草地开发低碳增碳产业、强化政策指引、推动草地碳汇交易兑现以及倡导牧区绿色低碳生产生活等草地碳汇能力提升的行动对策,以期通过人类有序的行为活动来挖掘草地固碳潜力,充分发挥其碳汇能力,为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”贡献草地作用,为全球草地碳汇管理提供中国智慧。

关键词：草地碳汇功能提升碳中和固碳增汇放牧利用

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SsdchA is a novel secretory cellobiohydrolase driving pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 493-502页

作者： Yangui Chen yijuan ding Siqi Zhao Nan Yang Zhaohui Wu Ping Zhang Hongmei Liao Mengquan Dong Yang Yu Huafang Wan Wei Qian Integrative science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western china(chongqing)science City College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Academy of agricultural sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture Ministry of EducationChongqing 400715China college of Plant Protection Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

The necrotrophic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, employs an array of cell wall-degrading enzymes(CWDEs), including cellulase, to dismantle host cell walls. However, the molecular mechanisms through which S. sclerotiorum degrades cellulose remain elusive. Here, we unveil a novel secretory cellobiohydrolase, SsdchA, characterized by a signal peptide and a Glyco_hydro_7(GH7) domain. SsdchA exhibits a robust expression of during early infection stages. Interestingly, colony morphology and growth rates remain unaffected across the wild-type, SsdchA deletion strains and SsdchA overexpression strains on potato dextrose agar(PDA) medium. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity and cellobiohydrolase activity decreased in the SsdchA deletion strains, but enhanced in the SsdchA overexpression strains. Moreover,the heterologous expression of SsdchA in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to reduced cellulose content and heightened susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Collectively, our data underscore the pivotal role of the novel cellobiohydrolase SsdchA in the pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum.

关键词： Cellobiohydrolase Cellulose Pathogenicity Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Secretory protein SsdchA

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面向治理转型的国土空间用途管制制度完善路径探讨

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中国土地科学 2024年第1期38卷 64-72页

作者：易家林郭杰欧名豪丁冠乔陈振南京农业大学土地管理学院江苏南京210095 农村土地资源利用与整治国家地方联合工程研究中心江苏南京210095 中国资源环境与发展研究院江苏南京210095 南京邮电大学社会与人口学院江苏南京210023

研究目的:明确国土空间用途管制的转型逻辑,探究国土空间用途管制制度完善路径。研究方法:文献梳理法与综合分析法。研究结果:(1)国土空间用途管制属于在地化的空间管制创新模式,是在新的价值理念与治理需求引导下的空间治理转型实践。... 详细信息

研究目的:明确国土空间用途管制的转型逻辑,探究国土空间用途管制制度完善路径。研究方法:文献梳理法与综合分析法。研究结果:(1)国土空间用途管制属于在地化的空间管制创新模式,是在新的价值理念与治理需求引导下的空间治理转型实践。(2)国土空间用途管制的治理目标是实现国土空间系统性、激励性与高效能管制,其治理逻辑是将国土空间用途管制小闭环嵌入到国土空间治理大闭环之中,实现自然资源部内部治理“小协同”与以自然资源部为核心的多部门治理“大协同”联动。(3)可从构建全域全要素全过程的国土空间用途管制体系、优化系统治理的“三条控制线”划定及管制规则、规范与创新国土空间用途管理政策体系、建立健全多部门权力协同机制以及利益调节机制等方面探索国土空间用途管制完善路径。研究结论:国土空间用途管制涉及多学科交叉、需要理论联系实践,将来研究要加强理论综合支撑顶层设计、关注区域差异鼓励地方创新以及尊重主体利益提高管制效能。

关键词：国土空间用途管制空间治理国土空间规划管制体系

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Developing a CRISPR/FrCas9 system for core promoter editing in rice

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 189-195页

作者： Hui Wang Jian ding Jingyan Zhu Xiaoshuang Liu Rongfang Xu Ruiying Qin Dongfang Gu Min Li Pengcheng Wei Juan Li college of agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province Rice Research InstituteAnhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031China Research Centre for Biological Breeding Technology Advance AcademyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

Small mutations in the core promoter region of a gene may result in substantial changes in expression ***,targeting TA-rich sequences of core promoters may pose a challenge for Cas9 variants such as SpCas9 and other G-rich PAM-compatible *** this study,we engineered a unique FrCas9 system derived from Faecalibaculum rodentium for plant genome *** findings indicate that this system is efficient in rice when the TATA sequence is used as a *** addition,FrCas9 demonstrated activity against all 16 possible NNTA PAMs,achieving an efficiency of up to 35.3%in calli and generating homozygous or biallelic mutations in 31.3%of the T_(0)transgenic plants.A proof-ofconcept experiment to examine editing of the rice WX core promoter confirmed that FrCas9-induced mutations could modify gene expression and amylose *** mutations and deletions were produced by bidirectional editing,mediated by FrCas9,using a single palindromic TATA sequence as a ***,we developed FrCas9-derived base editors capable of programmable conversion between AT and GC pairs in *** study highlights a versatile FrCas9 toolset for plant core promoter editing,offering great potential for the fine-tuning of gene expression and creating of new germplasms.

关键词： Genome editing FrCas9 CRISPR Core promoter Base editing

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西藏野生大麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性

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四川大学学报（自然科学版） 2004年第2期41卷 440-445页

作者：冯宗云李宏张立立张义正四川大学生命科学学院山东农业大学生命科学学院泰安271018

作者利用A PAGE(Acid polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis)法研究了来自中国西藏的野生二棱大麦、野生瓶形大麦和野生六棱大麦共106份材料在3个醇溶蛋白位点的遗传多样性.结果表明,所有供试材料在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组醇溶蛋白位点分别发现了26... 详细信息

作者利用A PAGE(Acid polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis)法研究了来自中国西藏的野生二棱大麦、野生瓶形大麦和野生六棱大麦共106份材料在3个醇溶蛋白位点的遗传多样性.结果表明,所有供试材料在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组醇溶蛋白位点分别发现了26、14和22种等位变异类型,平均等位变异数大小顺序为:野生二棱大麦,野生瓶形大麦,野生六棱大麦.这些等位变异类型的频率在这3组野生大麦间的分布存在显著或极显著差异.野生二棱大麦平均遗传多样性程度极显著地高于野生六棱大麦,这3组大麦间存在明显的遗传分化.最后,讨论了栽培大麦的起源中心及中国栽培大麦的起源与进化问题.本研究结果表明,野生二棱大麦是栽培大麦的祖先,支持了栽培大麦起源的"二棱大麦单系发生论".

关键词：西藏大麦醇溶蛋白遗传多样性进化

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Root-derived long-distance signals trigger ABA synthesis and enhance drought resistance in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第7期51卷 749-761页

作者： Qian-Qian Liu Jin-Qiu Xia Jie Wu yi Han Gui-Quan Zhang Ping-Xia Zhao Cheng-Bin Xiang Division of life sciences and Medicine Division of Molecular&Cell BiophysicsHefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaThe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhui 230027China college of life sciences Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui 230036China college of agronomy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China School of Biology and Basic Medical sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123China

Vascular plants have evolved intricate long-distance signaling mechanisms to cope with environmental stress,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)emerging as pivotal systemic signals in plant stress ***,the exact role of ROS as root-to-shoot signals in the drought response has not been *** this study,we reveal that compared with wild-type plants,ferric reductase defective 3(frd3)mutants exhibit enhanced drought resistance concomitant with elevated NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3(NCED3)transcript levels and abscisic acid(ABA)contents in leaves as well as increased hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))levels in roots and *** experiments distinctly illustrate that drought resistance can be conferred by the frd3 rootstock regardless of the scion genotype,indicating that long-distance signals originating from frd3 roots promote an increase in ABA levels in ***,the drought resistance conferred by the frd3 mutant rootstock is weakened by the CAT2-overexpressing scion,suggesting that H_(2)O_(2)may be involved in long-distance ***,the results of comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses support the drought resistance phenotype of the frd3 *** together,our findings substantiate the notion that frd3 root-derived long-distance signals trigger ABA synthesis in leaves and enhance drought resistance,providing new evidence for root-to-shoot long-distance signaling in the drought response of plants.

关键词： frd3 Drought resistance Root-to-shoot long-distance signals Reactive oxygen species(ROS) H_(2)O_(2) Iron ABA

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Post-transcriptional regulation of grain weight and shape by the RBP-A-J-K complex in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 66-85页

作者： ding Ren Hui Liu Xuejun Sun Fan Zhang Ling Jiang ying Wang Ning Jiang Peiwen Yan Jinhao Cui Jinshui Yang Zhikang Li Pingli Lu Xiaojin Luo State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China college of agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)are components of the post-transcriptional regulatory system,but their regulatory effects on complex traits remain *** an integrated strategy involving map-based cloning,functional characterizations,and transcriptomic and population genomic analyses,we revealed that RBP-K(LOC_Os08g23120),RBP-A(LOC_Os11g41890),and RBP-J(LOC_Os10g33230)encode proteins that form an RBP-A-J-K complex that negatively regulates rice yield-related *** of the RBP-A-J-K complex indicated RBP-K functions as a relatively non-specific RBP chaperone that enables RBP-A and RBP-J to function ***,RBP-J most likely affects GA pathways,resulting in considerable increases in grain and panicle lengths,but decreases in grain width and *** contrast,RBP-A negatively regulates the expression of genes most likely involved in auxin-regulated pathways controlling cell wall elongation and carbohydrate transport,with substantial effects on the rice grain filling process as well as grain length and ***,RBP-K is relatively ancient and highly conserved,whereas RBP-J and RBP-A are more ***,the RBP-A-J-K complex may represent a typical functional model for many RBPs and protein complexes that function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants and animals for increased functional consistency,efficiency,and versatility,as well as increased evolutionary *** results clearly demonstrate the importance of RBP-mediated post-transcriptional regulation for the diversity of complex ***,rice grain yield and quality may be enhanced by introducing various complete or partial loss-of-function mutations to specific RBP genes using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology and by exploiting desirable natural tri-genic allelic combinations at the loci encoding the components of the RBP-A-J-K complex through marker-assisted select

关键词： GL11 grain weight and shape post-transcriptional regulation RNA-binding proteins

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