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Gene therapy and erectile dysfunction： the current status

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 8-15页

作者： David H. W. Lau Sashi S. Kommu Emad J. Siddiqui Cecil S. Thompson Robert J. Morgan dimitri p. mikhailidis Faiz H. Mumtaz Department of Urology Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Clinical Biochemistry Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Surgery Royal Free Hospital and University College Medical School University College London Royal Free Campus Rowland Hill Street London NW3 2QG UK Department of Urology Chase Farm Hospital The Ridgeway Enfield EN2 8JL UK Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Surrey SM2 5PT UK

Current available treatment options for erectile dysfunction （ED） are effective but not without failure and/or side effects. Although the development of phosphodiesterase type 5 （pDE5） inhibitors （i.e. sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil） has revolutionized the treatment of ED, these oral medications require on-demand access and are not as effective in treating ED related to diabetic, post-prostatectomy and severe veno-occlusive disease states. Improvement in the treatment of ED is dependent on understanding the regulation of human corporal smooth muscle tone and on the identification of relevant molecular targets. Future ED therapies might consider the application of molecular technologies such as gene therapy. As a potential therapeutic tool, gene therapy might provide an effective and specific means for altering intracavernous pressure ＂on demand＂ without affecting resting penile function. However, the safety of gene therapy remains a major hurdle to overcome before being accepted as a mainstream treatment for ED. Gene therapy aims to cure the underlying conditions in ED, including fibrosis. Furthermore, gene therapy might help prolong the efficacy of the pDE5 inhibitors by improving penile nitric oxide bioactivity. It is feasible to apply gene therapy to the penis because of its location and accessibility, low penile circulatory flow in the flaccid state and the presence of endothelial lined （lacunar） spaces. This review provides a brief insight of the current role of gene therapy in the management of ED.

关键词： gene therapy nitric oxide synthase erectile dysfunction calcium-sensitive potassium channel vascular endothelial growth factor calcitonin gene-related peptide

Resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by rosuvastatin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第25期21卷 7860-7868页

作者： Konstantinos Kargiotis Vasilios G Athyros Olga Giouleme Niki Katsiki Evangelia Katsiki panagiotis Anagnostis Chrysoula Boutari Michael Doumas Asterios Karagiannis dimitri p mikhailidis 2nd prop. Department of Internal Medicine Medical School Aristotle University Hippocration Hospital Department of pathology Hippocration Hospital Department of Endocrinology Hippocration Hospital Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease prevention Clinic) Royal Free Campus University College London Medical School University College London Department of Surgery Royal Free Campus University College London Medical School

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin monotherapy on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). At present there is no effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or its advanced form ***: This prospective study included 20 biopsy proven patients with NASH, metabolic syndrome(Met S) and dyslipidaemia. Biochemical parameters of the blood of the patients and an ultrasonography of the liver were performed at baseline. Then patients receivedlifestyle advice and were treated for a 12 mo period with rosuvastatin(10 mg/d) monotherapy. patients were re-evaluated during the study at 3 mo intervals, during which biochemical parameters of the blood were measured including liver enzymes. A repeat biopsy and ultrasonography of the liver were performed at the end of the study in all 20 patients. Changes in liver enzymes, fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, serum uric acid(SUA), high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs CRp) and lipid profile were assessed every 3 mo. The primary endpoint was the resolution of NASH and the secondary endpoints were the changes in liver enzyme and lipid ***: The repeat liver biopsy and ultrasonography showed complete resolution of NASH in 19 patients, while the 20 th, which had no improvement but no deterioration either, developed arterial hypertension and substantial rise in triglyceride levels during the study, probably due to changes in lifestyle including alcohol abuse. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were normalised by the 3rd treatment month(ANOVA p phosphatase activities by the 6th treatment month(ANOVA, p = 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin were significantly reduced(p pid values were normalised by the 3rd treatment month. No patient had Met S by the 9th treatment month. Body mass index and waist circumference remained unchanged during the study. Thus, changes in liver pathology and function shou

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Dyslipidaemia Rosuvastatin Fasting blood glucose Serum uric acid

欧洲血管外科学会指南：第1部分——颈动脉狭窄患者的预防

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国际脑血管病杂志 2011年第6期19卷 401-409页

作者： Christos D. Liapis Sir peter F. Bell dimitri p. mikhailidis Juhani Sivenius Andrew Nicolaides Jose Femandes e Fernandes Giorgio Biasi Lars Norgren 董大伟(译) 刘小艳(译) 徐安定(译) 不详暨南大学附属第一医院神经内科 510630

在此，我们呈献颈动脉狭窄患者脑血管事件二级预防的欧洲血管外科学会指南，包括降脂治疗、抗血小板治疗以及其他危险因素控制。这些推荐均基于现有的临床试验证据。对颈动脉疾病患者需要采取积极的预防性治疗。我们还讨论了颈动脉狭窄... 详细信息

在此，我们呈献颈动脉狭窄患者脑血管事件二级预防的欧洲血管外科学会指南，包括降脂治疗、抗血小板治疗以及其他危险因素控制。这些推荐均基于现有的临床试验证据。对颈动脉疾病患者需要采取积极的预防性治疗。我们还讨论了颈动脉狭窄的诊断和分级。

关键词：颈动脉狭窄他汀类药物抗血小板药物高血压危险因素诊断

欧洲血管外科学会指南：第二部分——颈动脉狭窄患者的诊断和检查

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国际脑血管病杂志 2011年第7期19卷 488-497页

作者： Christos D. Liapis Sir peter F. Bell dimitri p. mikhailidis Juharli Sivenius Andrew Nicolaides Jose Femandes e Fernandes Giorgio Biasi Ears Norgrer 赵颖(译) 谭泽锋(译) 徐安定(译) ESVS指南协作组暨南大擎附属第一医院神经内科 510630

在此，我们呈献颈动脉狭窄患者脑血管事件二级预防的欧洲血管外科学会指南，包括降脂治疗、抗血小板治疗以及其他危险因素控制。这些推荐均基于现有的临床试验证据。对颈动脉病患者需要采取积极的预防性治疗。我们还讨论了颈动脉狭窄的... 详细信息

在此，我们呈献颈动脉狭窄患者脑血管事件二级预防的欧洲血管外科学会指南，包括降脂治疗、抗血小板治疗以及其他危险因素控制。这些推荐均基于现有的临床试验证据。对颈动脉病患者需要采取积极的预防性治疗。我们还讨论了颈动脉狭窄的诊断和分级。

关键词：颈动脉狭窄他汀类药物抗血小板药高血压危险因素诊断

Contribution of Satellite Observations in the Optical and Microphysical Characterization of Aerosols in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 154-171页

作者： Nébon Bado Serge dimitri Bazyomo Germain Wende pouiré Ouedraogo Bruno Korgo Mamadou Simina Dramé Florent p. Kieno Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (L.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Faso Laboratoire de physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar-Fann Sénégal Institute of Mathematics and physical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

In this work, we proceed to an optical and microphysical analysis of the observations reversed by the MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI sensors with the aim of proposing the best-adapted airborne sensor for better monitoring of aerosols in Burkina Faso. To this end, a comparison of AOD between satellite observations and in situ measurements at the Ouagadougou site reveals an underestimation of AERONET AOD except for OMI which overestimates them. Also, an inter-comparison done based on the linear regression line representation shows the correlation between the aerosol models incorporated in the airborne sensor inversion algorithms and the aerosol population probed. This can be seen through the correlation coefficients R which are 0.84, 0.64, 0.55 and 0.054 for MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI respectively. Furthermore, an optical analysis of aerosols in Burkina Faso by the MODIS sensor from 2001 to 2016 indicates a large spatial and temporal variability of particles strongly dominated by desert dust. This is corroborated by the annual and seasonal cycles of the AOD at 550 nm and the Angström coefficient measured in the spectral range between 412 nm and 470 nm. A zoom on a few sites chosen according to the three climatic zones confirms the majority presence of mineral aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are observed in spring and summer.

关键词： AERONET Airborne Sensors Aerosol Optical and Microphysical properties

Feature-Based Aggregation and Deep Reinforcement Learning:A Survey and Some New Implementations

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 1-31页

作者： dimitri p.Bertsekas the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the Laboratory for Information and Decision SystemsMassachusetts Institute of Technology

In this paper we discuss policy iteration methods for approximate solution of a finite-state discounted Markov decision problem, with a focus on feature-based aggregation methods and their connection with deep reinforcement learning schemes. We introduce features of the states of the original problem, and we formulate a smaller "aggregate" Markov decision problem, whose states relate to the features. We discuss properties and possible implementations of this type of aggregation, including a new approach to approximate policy iteration. In this approach the policy improvement operation combines feature-based aggregation with feature construction using deep neural networks or other calculations. We argue that the cost function of a policy may be approximated much more accurately by the nonlinear function of the features provided by aggregation, than by the linear function of the features provided by neural networkbased reinforcement learning, thereby potentially leading to more effective policy improvement.

关键词： Reinforcement learning dynamic programming Markovian decision problems aggregation feature-based architectures policy iteration deep neural networks rollout algorithms

Equation of state for boron nitride along the principal Hugoniot to 16 Mbar

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 77-86页

作者： Huan Zhang Yutong Yang Weimin Yang Zanyang Guan Xiaoxi Duan Mengsheng Yang Yonggang Liu Jingxiang Shen Katarzyna Batani Diluka Singappuli Ke Lan Yongsheng Li Wenyi Huo Hao Liu Yulong Li Dong Yang Sanwei Li Zhebin Wang Jiamin Yang Zongqing Zhao Weiyan Zhang Liang Sun Wei Kang dimitri Batani National Key Laboratory of plasma physics Laser Fusion Research CenterChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China HEDpS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand College of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China HEDpS Center for Applied Physics and Technologyand School of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of plasma physics and Laser Microfusion Hery 2301-497 WarszawaPoland Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIA(Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications)UMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance Institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China

The thermodynamic properties of boron nitride under extreme pressures and temperatures are of great interest and importance for materials science and inertial confinement fusion physics,but they are poorly understood owing to the challenges of performing experiments and realizing ab initio ***,we report the first shock Hugoniot data on hexagonal boron nitride at pressures of 5–16 Mbar,using hohlraum-driven shock waves at the SGIII-p laser facility in *** density functional theory molecular dynamics calculations closely match experimental data,validating the equations of state for modeling the shock response of boron nitride and filling a crucial gap in the knowledge of boron nitride properties in the region of multi-Mbar pressures and eV *** results presented here provide fundamental insights into boron nitride under the extreme conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion,hydrogen–boron fusion,and high-energy-density physics.

关键词： boron Hugoniot extreme

Approximate policy iteration:a survey and somenew methods

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 310-335页

作者： dimitri p.BERTSEKAS Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology

We consider the classical policy iteration method of dynamic programming(Dp),where approximations and simulation are used to deal with the curse of *** survey a number of issues:convergence and rate of convergence of approximate policy evaluation methods,singularity and susceptibility to simulation noise of policy evaluation,exploration issues,constrained and enhanced policy iteration,policy oscillation and chattering,and optimistic and distributed policy *** discussion of policy evaluation is couched in general terms and aims to unify the available methods in the light of recent research developments and to compare the two main policy evaluation approaches:projected equations and temporal differences(TD),and *** the context of these approaches,we survey two different types of simulation-based algorithms:matrix inversion methods,such as least-squares temporal difference(LSTD),and iterative methods,such as least-squares policy evaluation(LSpE) and TD(λ),and their scaled *** discuss a recent method,based on regression and regularization,which recti?es the unreliability of LSTD for nearly singular projected Bellman *** iterative version of this method belongs to the LSpE class of methods and provides the connecting link between LSTD and *** discussion of policy improvement focuses on the role of policy oscillation and its effect on performance *** illustrate that policy evaluation when done by the projected equation/TD approach may lead to policy oscillation,but when done by aggregation it does *** implies better error bounds and more regular performance for aggregation,at the expense of some loss of generality in cost function representation *** aggregation provides the connecting link between projected equation/TD-based and aggregation-based policy evaluation,and is characterized by favorable error bounds.

关键词： Dynamic programming policy iteration projected equation Aggregation Chattering Regularization

Measuring turbulence in a circulating fluidized bed using pIV techniques

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particuology 2011年第6期9卷 572-588页

作者： Mayank Kashyap Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan dimitri Gidaspow Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Fuel Research Center Department of Chemical Technology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Center of Excellence for petroleum Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials Chulalongkorn University

This study utilized the particle image velocimetry （p1V） technique, non-invasively near the wall, in the developing region, for the measurements of laminar and turbulent properties during circulation of Geldart B type particles in the U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） National Energy Technology Laboratory （NETL） riser. A novel method was used to measure axial and radial laminar and turbulent solids dispersion coefficients using autocorrelation technique. The instantaneous and hydrodynamic velocities for the solid phase were measured simultaneously in the axial and radial directions using a CCD camera, with the help of a colored rotating transparency. The measured properties, such as laminar and Reynolds stresses, laminar and turbulent granular tempera- tures, laminar and turbulent dispersion coefficients and energy spectra exhibited anisotropy. The mixing in the riser was on the level of clusters. The total granular temperatures were in reasonable agreement with the literature values. However, the axial and radial solids dispersion coefficients measured near the wall were slightly lower than the radially averaged values in the literature.

关键词： particle image velocimetry (pIV) Dispersion coefficient Autocorrelation Turbulence Anisotrnpy