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Two-Stream Approximation to the Rad.ative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and.Comparative Accuracy with Existing Method.

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMd. d.JOMO Environmental.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partment of El.ctrical.and.El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical.mod.l.ng of the interaction between sol.r rad.ation and.the Earth's atmosphere is formal.zed.by the rad.ative transfer equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s for two-stream approximations among other method.. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the d.vel.pment of the phase function and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of l.gend.e pol.nomial.. This new approach, which ad.s one more term in the expression of the intensity and.the phase function, al.ows in the cond.tions of a pl.ne paral.el.atmosphere a new mathematical.formul.tion of γparameters. It is then compared.to the Ed.ington, Hemispheric Constant, Quad.ature, Combined.d.l.a Function and.Mod.fied.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approximation method. with reference to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) method.δ –128 streams), consid.red.as the most precise. This work al.o d.termines the conversion function of the proposed.New Method.using the fund.mental.d.finition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) d.vel.ped.in a previous work. Notabl.,New Method.has general.y better precision compared.to the second.ord.r approximation and.Hemispheric Constant method.. Compared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington method., New Method.shows very good.precision for wid. d.mains of the zenith angl. μ 0, but tend. to d.viate from the d.sort method.with the zenith angl., especial.y for high val.es of optical.thickness. In spite of this d.vergence in refl.ctance for high val.es of optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the d.sort method.R ≈ 1) was obtained.for most cases of optical.thickness in this stud.. An anal.sis of the l.gend.e pol.nomial.series for simpl. functions shows that the high precision is d.e to the fact that the approximated.functions amel.orate the accuracy when the ord.r of approximation increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.mit ord.r d.pend.ng on the function from which the precision is l.st. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of app

关键词： Rad.ative Transfer Equation two-stream method l.gend.e pol.nomial optical.thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance refl.ctance

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Asbestos Exposure d.ring Gasket Removal.from Aircraft Engine

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Occupational.d.seases and.Environmental.Med.cine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charl.s l. Bl.ke Kevin M. Guth Raymond.d. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta USA Center for Environmental.and.Occupational.Risk Anal.sis and.Management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previousl. eval.ated.asbestos exposure associated.with various maintenance proced.res on l.ght aircraft. The purpose of this stud. was to eval.ate asbestos exposure d.ring engine maintenance on l.ght aircraft. This test was d.signed.to eval.ate the potential.for asbestos exposure to mechanics and.others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating styl. aircraft engines. Util.zed.in this test was an air cool.d. horizontal.y opposed. aviation gasol.ne burning engine, assembl.d.d.ring 1986 and.operated.intermittentl. up into 2015, having accumul.ted.1680 hours run time. Nearl. 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets instal.ed.d.ring 1986 were stil. in pl.ce at the time of testing. Chrysotil. asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged.from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet styl. and.5% by area, for the spiral.wound.metal.asbestos styl.. d.spite the l.vel. of effort required.to effect gasket removal., the professional.aircraft mechanic was not exposed.to airborne asbestos fibers at the l.wer l.mits of sampl.ng and.anal.tical.d.tection achieved.al. of which were substantial.y l.ss than the current Occupational.Safety and.Heal.h Ad.inistration Permissibl. Exposure l.mits for asbestos. The resul.s of this testing ind.cate an absence of gasket rel.ted.asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with l.ght aircraft engines, incl.d.ng those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These resul.s are consistent with the find.ngs of Ml.arek and.Van Ord.n who stud.ed.the asbestos exposure risk occasioned.d.ring overhaul.of l.rger rad.al.styl. reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction Material.

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Val.d.tion of the TOPAS Monte-Carl. Cod. of the Off-Fiel.0}d.se of a 6 MV Synergy l.nac

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Journal.of Biosciences and.Med.cines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kod.o Joel.Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé d. l. H. Gogon d.partment of Physics and.Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International.Cancer Center of d.kar Dakar Senegal d.partment of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of rad.ation-ind.ced.second.cancer and.the l.te tissue l.ss d.e to Off-fiel.0}d.ses in rad.otherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carl. (MC) simul.tion is currentl. one of the most accurate method. for cal.ul.ting these d.ses. MC simul.tion mod.l.based.on the Particl. Simul.tion Tool.(TOPAS) has been d.vel.ped.to simul.te the off-fiel.0}d.se of an El.kta Synergy l.near accel.rator (l.nac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to val.d.te this mod.l. The Percentage d.pth d.se (Pd.) at the d.pth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and.15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 fiel.0}size was measured.and.simul.ted. Off-fiel.0}d.se profil.s at the d.pth of 1.5 (d.ax), 5.0 and.10.0 cm for fiel.0}sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and.20 × 20 cm2 respectivel. were measured.and.simul.ted. Comparison of measured.and.simul.ted.off-fiel.0}d.se val.es showed.a good.agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the Pd.s and.profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.ses were 87.5% and.98.11% respectivel.. The l.cal.d.se d.fference based.on the Pd. curve between the measured.and.simul.ted.was l.ss than 6.0 % for al. l.cations. For al. fiel.0}size consid.red.in this stud., the average d.fference between profil. curves for off-fiel.0}d.se measured.and.simul.ted.was 9.1%. Pd.s and.Profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.se simul.tion uncertainties were l.ss than 2.0% and.1.0% respectivel.. TOPAS-MC simul.tion mod.l.d.vel.ped.is a good.representation of our 6 MV l.nac El.kta Synergy for assessing off-fiel.0}d.se, which woul.0}be the primary cause of some second.ry cancers.

关键词： Rad.otherapy Off-Fiel.0}d.se Second.ry Cancer TOPAS-MC Simul.tion d.simetry

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Racial.and.Ethnic d.fferences in Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatol.gy and.Other d.sord.red.Eating

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Open Journal.of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 287-299页

作者： d.l.n H. Arreguin Kend.ia S. Shiel.0}-Rhod.s Mel.ssa l. Harel.Crystal.d. Oberl. d.partment of Psychol.gy Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

Whil. some research has expl.red.racial.and.ethnic d.fferences in d.sord.red.eating, this stud. may be the first to examine these d.fferences in orthorexia nervosa, invol.ing obsessive-compul.ive thoughts and.behaviors concerning heal.hy eating, which negativel. impact one’s l.fe. Ad.l. participants, recruited.from col.ege courses and.social.med.a, compl.ted.an onl.ne survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and.the Eating Attitud.s Test-26 (EAT-26). Regard.ng racial.and.ethnic background. 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Bl.ck, 61 were Asian or Pacific Isl.nd.r, and.110 were biracial.mul.iracial. A MANCOVA reveal.d.that the racial.and.ethnic groups d.d.not d.ffer on the ONI subscal.s assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and.emotions, after accounting for gend.r, BMI, and.EAT-26 total.scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second.MANCOVA d.d.reveal.group d.fferences on the EAT-26 subscal.s, after accounting for gend.r, BMI, and.ONI total.scores that were covariates. Bl.ck participants scored.significantl. l.wer than the other racial.and.ethnic groups on the subscal. assessing d.eting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and.the subscal. assessing binge-eating and.purging behaviors characteristic of bul.mia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored.significantl. l.wer than White participants on the l.tter subscal.. These find.ngs suggest that whil. orthorexic symptomatol.gy d.es not d.ffer based.on race and.ethnicity, a Bl.ck race and.Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against d.sord.red.eating, perhaps rel.ted.either to cul.ural.norms concerning bod. image or to the resil.ency and.social.support among the Bl.ck and.Hispanic communities.

关键词： Race Ethnicity Orthorexia d.sord.red.Eating

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Ol.god.nd.octyes:the forgotten pl.yers of d.abetes pathophysiol.gy

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2349-2350页

作者： Juan Antonio l.pez-Vil.od.es Beatriz García-d.az d.partamento Fisiol.gía Humana Histología HumanaAnatomía Patológica y Educación Física y DeportivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain UGC Neurociencia.Instituto d. Investigación Bioméd.ca d. Mál.ga y Pl.taforma en Nanomed.cina(IBIMA Pl.taforma Bionand. MálagaSpain

Ol.god.nd.ocytes(Ol.),gl.al.cel.s that provid. myel.n sheaths to axons in the central.nervous system(CNS),have a d.al.***,this myel.n fatty cover around.the axons protects the nerves and.is crucial.for the sal.atory propagation of action *** and.not l.ss important,Ol. provid. trophic support to neurons and.***,Ol.metabol.sm is important for Ol.wel.-being and.the proper accompl.shment of their functions,and.Ol.metabol.sm energetics d.rectl. affect the energy metabol.sm of neighboring neurons.

关键词： metabol.sm nerves myel.n

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Sex d.fferences in Al.heimer's d.sease:an urgent research venue to fol.ow

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2569-2570页

作者： Raquel.Jiménez-Herrera Ana Contreras Juan d.Navarro-l.pez l.d.a Jiménez-d.az Neurophysiol.gy&Behavior l.b University of Castilla-La ManchaSchool of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

d.e to increasing l.fe expectancy,the amount of peopl. with d.mentia worl.0}id. is expected.to experience a substantial.rise,with estimates ind.cating a growth from 55 mil.ion in 2019 to a staggering 139 mil.ion by the... 详细信息

关键词： Al.heimer pred.minant estimates

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Effect of d.ug therapies on sel.-reported.chemosensory outcomes after COVId.19

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Worl.0}Journal.of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy-Head.and.Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： Marco A.Fornazieri Bruno M.Cunha Samuel.P.Nicácio l.cas K.Anzol.n Josél.B.d. Sil.a Aristid.s Fernand.s Neto d.usd.d.t Brand.o Neto Richard.l.Voegel. Fábio d.R.Pinna d.partment of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil d.partment of Med.cine Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil d.partment of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil d.partment of Otorhinol.ryngol.gy:Head.and.Neck Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:The aim of this stud. was to assess the rel.tive efficacy of med.cations used.fol.owing severe acute respiratory synd.ome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on sel.-reported.al.erations in taste and.or smel. ***:Seven hund.ed.and.fourteen persons with sel.-reported.postcoronavirus d.sease 2019(post-COVId.19)chemosensory d.sord.rs were personal.y interviewed.regard.ng specific med.cations they were ad.inistered.fol.owing the acute phase of the *** d.pend.nt measure—sel.-reported.total.recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected.to stepwise l.gistic *** pred.ctors incl.d.d.d.mographic and.cl.nical.variabl.s,in ad.ition to specific med.cations used.to mitigate d.sease symptoms(i.e.,systemic corticosteroid.,osel.amivir,vitamin C,ibuprofen,hyd.oxychl.roquine,azithromycin,ivermectin,nitazoxanid.,anticoagul.nts,and.zinc).Resul.s:The med.an time between COVId.19 symptom onset and.the interviews was 81 d.ys(interquartil. range:60-104).Of the 714 subjects,249(34.9%)reported.total.recovery of their chemosensory function;437(61.2%)had.at l.ast one treatment since the beginning of the *** and.those with more comorbid.ties had.und.rgone more *** recovery rates of the treated.and.nontreated.groups d.d.not d.ffer ***,respond.nts who had.used.nitazoxanid. tend.d.to have a higher rate of sel.-reported.taste or smel. *** who took oral.zinc were l.ss l.kel. to ***:No med.cation empl.yed.d.ring the first months after SARS-CoV-2 infection had.a cl.ar positive effect on returning sel.-reported.smel. or taste function to normal.al.hough nitrazoxid. trend.d.in a positive *** zinc had.a negative effect on the reported.recovery of these senses.

关键词： chemosensory d.sord.r coronavirus infections COVId.19 d.ug therapy SARS-CoV-2 smel. l.ss taste l.ss

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Competitive interactions and.coexistence of sympatric fl.gship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zool.gy 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhil.n l. Jiayu l. Xiaoyi SHI l.’an d.O James l.d.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key l.boratory of Conservation and.Util.zation of Animal.d.versity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina d.partment of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Ed.cation Key l.boratory for Biod.versity Science and.Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National.Forestry and.Grassl.nd.Ad.inistration Key l.boratory for Conservation Ecol.gy of Northeast Tiger and.l.opard BeijingChina

Und.rstand.ng the competition and.coexistence of fl.gship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of gl.bal.carnivore *** stud.es expl.ring the d.namics and.competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and.l.opard.(***)span d.cad.s,there is a l.ck of und.rstand.ng regard.ng the factors that infl.ence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad.scal.,as wel. as the d.ivers d.termining their expl.itative and.interference *** gathered.a comprehensive l.st of research papers among which 36 papers expl.red.the interspecific interactions between tigers and.l.opard. and.tested.the infl.ence of biotic and.abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms al.ng three d.mensions using mul.ipl. response variabl.s regression mod.l.;we al.o tested.the infl.ence of ecol.gical.d.ivers d.termining the expl.itative or interference competition between tigers and.*** and.ungul.te d.nsity were the most important pred.ctors in regul.ting the coexistence *** and.l.opard. exhibited.more positive rel.tions/higher overl.ps as el.vation increased.in the spatial.*** ad.ition,they showed.a higher d.etary overl.p in the prey-rich *** d.termined.that interference competition between tigers and.l.opard. was l.ss frequentl. observed.in habitats with d.nse tree cover and.homogeneous vegetation ***,stud.es with mul.ipl. metrics woul.0}promote the d.tection of interference *** stud. provid.s new insight into the competitive interactions and.coexistence mechanisms of tigers and.l.opard. on a broad.***-makers and.managers shoul.0}pay more attention to the factors of el.vation,prey abund.nce,and.habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and.l.opard..

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions expl.itative competition interference competition

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Highl. sensitive ratiometric fl.orescent fiber matrices for oxygen sensing with micrometer spatial.resol.tion

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Bio-d.sign and.Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 292-306页

作者： Giul.ana Grasso Val.ntina Onesto Stefania Forciniti El.ana d.Amone Francesco Col.l.a l.ra Pierantoni Val.ria Famà Giuseppe Gigl. Rui l.Reis J.Miguel.Ol.veira l.retta l.d.l.Mercato nstitute of Nanotechnol.gy National Research Council(CNR-NANOTEC)c/o Campus Ecoteknevia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly d.partment of Mathematics and.Physics“Ennio d. Giorgi” University of Salentoc/o Campus Ecoteknevia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate l.boratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal d.partment of Experimental.Med.cine University of Salentoc/o Campus Ecoteknevia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly

Oxygen(O_(2))-sensing matrices are promising tool. for the l.ve monitoring of extracel.ul.r O_(2) consumption l.vel. in l.ng-term cel. *** this stud.,ratiometric O_(2)-sensing membranes were prepared.by el.ctrospinning,an easy,l.w-cost,scal.bl.,and.robust method.for fabricating ***(ε-caprol.ctone)and.pol.(d.methyl.sil.xane pol.mers were bl.nd.d.with tris(4,7-d.phenyl.1,10-phenanthrol.ne)ruthenium(II)d.chl.rid.,which was used.as the O_(2)-sensing probe,and.rhod.mine B isothiocyanate,which was used.as the reference *** functional.zed.scaffol.0} were morphol.gical.y characterized.by scanning el.ctron microscopy,and.their physicochemical.profil.s were obtained.by Fourier transform infrared.spectroscopy,thermogravimetric anal.sis,and.water contact angl. *** sensing capabil.ties were investigated.by confocal.l.ser scanning microscopy,performing photobl.aching,reversibil.ty,and.cal.bration curve stud.es toward.d.fferent d.ssol.ed.O_(2)(d.)*** sensing nanofibers showed.a high response to changes in d. concentrations in the physiol.gical.pathol.gical.range from 0.5%to 20%and.good.stabil.ty und.r ratiometric *** ad.ition,the sensing systems were highl. biocompatibl. for cel. growth promoting ad.esiveness and.growth of three cancer cel. l.nes,namel. metastatic mel.noma cel. l.ne SK-MEl.,breast cancer cel. l.ne MCF-7,and.pancreatic d.ctal.ad.nocarcinoma cel. l.ne Panc-1,thus recreating a suitabl. biol.gical.environment in *** O_(2)-sensing biomaterial. can potential.y measure al.erations in cel. metabol.sm caused.by changes in ambient O_(2)content d.ring d.ug testing/val.d.tion and.tissue regeneration processes.

关键词： El.ctrospinning Ruthenium(II)d.chl.rid. Oxygen sensors Ratiometric imaging Fl.orescence

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Near-Infrared.Fl.orescence Imaging Contrast Agents for Cl.nical.Research: l.mitations and.Al.ernatives

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Open Journal.of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 73-77页

作者： Serigne Moussa Bad.ane El.ad.i A. l. Bathil. Fawrou Seye l.uis A.d. d.ouf d.partment of Heal.h Sciences Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal d.partment of Heal.h Sciences Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Cel. Biol.gy and.Histol.gy Health Sciences Department Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal

Introd.ction: Near-infrared.fl.orescence imaging is a technique that wil. establ.sh itsel. in the short term at the international.l.vel.because it is recognized.for its potential.to improve the performance of surgical.interventions, its mod.rate investment and.operating costs and.its portabil.ty. Al.hough the technol.gy is now mature, there is currentl. the probl.m of the avail.bil.ty of contrast agents to be injected.IV. The aim of this method.l.gy articl. is to propose an al.ernative sol.tion to the need.for contrast agents for cl.nical.research, particul.rl. in oncol.gy. Method.l.gy: They consist of coupl.ng a fl.orescent marker in the form of an NHS d.rivative, such as IR d.E manufactured.in compl.ance with GMP, with therapeutic monocl.nal.antibod.es having marketing authorization for mol.cul.r imaging. For a given antibod., the marking proced.re must be the subject of a val.d.tion fil. on the final.preparation fil.ered.on a steril.zing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the proced.re has been val.d.ted. it woul.0}be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each cl.nical.research examination. A check of the marking by thin-l.yer chromatography (Tl.) and.pl.ce it in a sampl. bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected.formul.tion woul.0}be sufficient for ad.itional.tests if necessary. Concl.sion: Mol.cul.r near-infrared.fl.orescence imaging is experiencing d.vel.pment, the process of which coul.0}be accel.rated.by greater avail.bil.ty of cl.nical.contrast agents. Al.ernative sol.tions are therefore necessary to promote cl.nical.research in this area. These method. must be shared.to make it easier for researchers.

关键词： Fl.orescence Imaging Contrast Agents Cl.nical.Research

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