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Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in outpatients with cirrhosis in Brazil: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10219-10225页

作者： Marcelo Campos Appel-da-silva Suelen Aparecida da silva Miozzo Isabella de Azevedo dossin Cristiane Valle Tovo Fernanda Branco Angelo Alves de Mattos Graduate Program:Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto AlegreRS 900150-170Brazil Ultrasound Imaging Servince Hospital Santa Casa de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRS 90050-170Brazil

AIM To determine the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the impact of HCC surveillance on early diagnosis and survival of cirrhotic outpatients. METHOdS In this retrospective cohort study, cirrhotic outpatients undergoing HCC surveillance between March 2005 and March 2014 were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were HIV coinfection; previous organ transplantation; diagnosis of HCC at first consultation; missing data in the medical chart; and less than 1 year of follow-up. Surveillance was carried out every six months using ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Ten-year cumulative incidence and survival were estimated through Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Four hundred and fifty-three patients were enrolled, of which 57.6% were male. Mean age was 55 years. Hepatitis C virus and heavy use of alcohol were the main etiologic agents of cirrhosis. HCC was diagnosed in 75 patients(16.6%), with an estimated cumulative incidence of 2.6% in the 1st year, 15.4% in the 5th year, and 28.8% in the 10 th year. Median survival was estimated at 17.6 mo in HCC patients compared to 234 mo in non-HCC patients(P detected in patients who underwent surveillance every 6 mo or less(P = 0.05). However, survival was not different between patients with early stage vs non-early stage tumors [HR = 0.54(0.15-1.89), P = 0.33].CONCLUSION HCC is a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis and adherence to surveillance programs favors early diagnosis.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Epidemiology Surveillance Survival

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Rodent hosts and flea vectors in Brazilian plague foci:a review

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 810-819页

作者： diego Leandro REIS dA silva FERNANdeS Matheus FILGUEIRA BEZERRA Marise SOBREIRA BEZERRA dA silva Nilma Cintra LEAL Christian Robson de SOUZA REIS Alzira Maria Paiva de ALMEIdA Nacional Reference Service for Plague Institut Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ PERecifePEBrazil department of Microbiology Institut Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ PERecifePEBrazil

Plague,caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium,has several foci scattered throughout a large area from the Brazilian territory that ranges from the Northeastern State of Cearáto the Southeastern State ofMinas Gerais and another separated area at the State of Rio de *** review gathers data from plague control and surveillance programs on the occurrence and geographic distribution of rodent hosts and flea vectors in the Brazilian plague areas during the period of from 1952 to ***,we discuss how the interaction between *** and some rodent host species may play a role in the disease *** absence of human cases nowadays in Brazil does not mean that it was *** dynamics of plague in Brazil and in other countries where it was introduced during the 3rd pandemic are quite alike,alternating epidemics with decades of ***,it remains an important epidemic disease of global *** existence of a large animal reservoir and competent vectors demonstrate a need for continuous surveillance to prevent new outbreaks of this disease in humans.

关键词： fleas plague rodents transmission vectors

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Ingredients from integral valorization of Isabel grape to formulate goat yogurt with stimulatory effects on probiotics and beneficial impacts on human colonic microbiota in vitro

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 1331-1342页

作者： Francyeli Araújo silva Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga Evandro Leite de Souza Glenise Bierhalz Voss Maria Manuela Estevez Pintado Margarida Angélica da silva Vasconcelos department of Nutrition Federal University of PernambucoRecife 50670-420Brazil department of Nutrition Health Sciences CenterFederal University of ParaíbaJoão Pessoa 58050-585Brazil Universid.de Católica Portuguesa CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório AssociadoEscola Superior de BiotecnologiaPorto 4169-005Portugal

Isabel grape(IG)products have high contents of phenolic compounds and fiber recognized for their positive impacts on microorganisms associated with health benefits to *** study evaluated the effects of goat yogurts formulated with ingredients from IG integral valorization on the growth and metabolism of different probiotic strains,as well as on the population of selected bacterial groups and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in *** yogurts with IG ingredients(IGI)stimulated the growth of tested Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic strains during a 48-h cultivation,as well as decreased the pH values and enhanced the organic acid *** yogurts with IGI increased the population of Lactobacillus *** Bifidobacterium *** a 24-h in vitro colonic fermentation.A stable Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio close to 1 was found in media with goat yogurt formulations during the colonic fermentation,being similar to the effect caused by *** yogurt formulations with IGI caused increased production of short-chain fatty acids and sugar consumption during colonic *** yogurts with IGI should be a valuable strategy for development of novel added-value foods with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and human health.

关键词： Goat dairy product Grape Beneficial microorganisms Gut microbiota Modulatory effects

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Thermodynamic aspects of inclusion engineering in steels

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 412-419页

作者： A.Costa e silva EEIMVR-UFF Av.Trabalhadores 420Volta RedondaRJBrasil IBQN- Rio de JaneiroRJBrasil

Tailoring non-metallic inclusions in accordance to the desired effect on steel properties has gained widespread acceptance in the last decades and has become known as “inclusion engineering”. Effective inclusion engineering involves three steps：（a） a good knowledge of how inclusions influence properties, （b） understanding what is the effect of each type of inclusions on these properties and thus which is the most desirable inclusion in a given product and （c） adjusting the processing parameters to obtain these inclusions. A significant portion of the process adjustment is done during steel refining, where the steel can be tailored so that the desired chemical composition of the non-metallic inclusions that will precipi- tate can be altered. Understanding the relations between steel chemistry, processing variables and inclusion chemical composition requires significant understanding of the thermodynamics of the systems involved. These complex equilibrium calculations are best done using computational thermodynamics. In this work some of the basic techniques used to control inclusion composition are reviewed and the thermodynamic information required to perform this task is presented. Several examples of the application of computational thermodynamics to inclusion engineering of different steels grades are presented and compared with experimental results, whenever possible. The potential and limitations of the method are highlighted, in special those related to thermodynamic data and databases.

关键词： computational thermodynamics steel non-metallic inclusions

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Ecological intensification of cropping systems enhances soil functions,mitigates soil erosion,and promotes crop resilience to dry spells in the Brazilian Cerrado

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 591-604页

作者： Lucas de Castro Moreira da silva Junior Cesar Avanzi devison Souza Peixoto Marina Neves Merlo Emerson Borghi Alvaro Vilela de Resende Salvador Francisco Acuna-Guzman Bruno Montoani silva department of Soil Science Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)37200-900LavrasMGBrazil department of Water Resources Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)37200-900LavrasMGBrazil Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(EMBRAPA)PO Box:28535701-970Sete LagoasMGBrazil department of Physics Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)37200-900LavrasMGBrazil Center for Engineering and Industrial development(CIdeSI) Pie de la Cuesta 702Desarrollo San PabloQuerétaroQro.76125Mexico

Water scarcity threatens global food security and agricultural systems are challenged to achieve high yields while optimizing water *** deficit can be accentuated by soil physical degradation,which also triggers water losses through runoff and consequently soil *** soil health in cropping systems within the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been surveyed throughout the years,information about soil erosion impacts and its mitigation are still not well understood;especially concerning the role of cropping system diversification and its effects on crop ***,the aim of this study was to assess whether ecological intensification of cropping systems-inclusion of a consorted perennial grass and crop rotation-could promote soil coverage and consequently decrease water erosion and soil,water,and nutrient *** work studied the effects of crop rotation and consorted Brachiaria,along with different levels of investment in fertilization on soil physical quality and on soil,water,and nutrient losses,and crop *** proved that soybean monoculture(SS)is a system of low sustainability even under no-till in the Brazilian Cerrado *** exhibited high susceptibility to soil,water,and nutrient losses,causing low crop *** results showed that water losses in SS cropping system were approximately 10%of the total annual rainfall,and total K losses would require an additional 35%of K ***,ecological intensification of cropping systems resulted in enhanced soil environmental and agronomic functions,increased grain yield,and promoted soil and water conservation:high soil cover rate,and low soil,water and nutrient *** intensification proved to be an adequate practice to boost crop resilience to water deficit in the Brazilian Cerrado.

关键词： Crop rotation Grain production Nutrient losses Soil physical quality Tropical region

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Vegetative propagation of Apuleia leiocarpa(Vogel)***

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 455-462页

作者： JoséGabriel de Souza silva diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo david Pessanha Siqueira Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de Carvalho deborah Guerra Barroso Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAvenida Alberto LamegoCampos dos GoytacazesRJ 2000Brazil

Apuleia leiocarpa is an environmentally and economically significant Atlantic Forest species threat-ened by ongoing *** vegetative propagation of the species could be a step forward to enable implanta-tion of clonal seed orchards and multiplication of selected trees but remains unknown to *** study assessed the mini-cutting technique for propagation of *** and.determined the time required for rooting and viable mini-cutting type and *** results show that it is possible to propagate *** with mini-cuttings derived from mini-stumps produced with seeds;the mini-stumps pre-sented regrowth capacity and remained constantly produc-tive for 1 year;10-cm *** mini-cuttings should remain under misting conditions for at least 40 days,and the vegetative propagation of *** with intermediate 7-to 10-cm mini-cuttings resulted in more vigorous clonal seedlings than smaller mini-cuttings.

关键词： Mini-cutting Tropical woody species Adventitious rooting Fabaceae

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未固结流砂地层采油过程中出砂情况模拟实验

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石油勘探与开发 2017年第5期44卷 811-816页

作者： PERERA M S A RANJITH P G RATHNAWEERA T d.de silva G P d LIU T department of Civil Engineering Monash University department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of Melbourne

为了研究未固结流砂储集层在采油过程中的出砂情况和影响出砂的主要因素,进行了不同条件下的出砂过程模拟实验。使用水洗白砂、黏土(高岭土)和蒸馏水制成未固结流砂地层模型,利用新开发的出砂模拟装置进行了模拟实验,并分析了作用于地... 详细信息

为了研究未固结流砂储集层在采油过程中的出砂情况和影响出砂的主要因素,进行了不同条件下的出砂过程模拟实验。使用水洗白砂、黏土(高岭土)和蒸馏水制成未固结流砂地层模型,利用新开发的出砂模拟装置进行了模拟实验,并分析了作用于地层的拖曳力和地层胶结特征对出砂的影响。研究表明,随着拖曳力的增加,出砂速度和产油速度都加快;随着胶结物含量的增加,出砂量和产油量明显降低,甚至在胶结物含量较高的情况下出砂量几乎为零。地层压力大的油藏在开采期间由于产生了较大的拖曳力更可能出砂,而拖曳力和有效地层应力共同影响油藏的总体产油量。可以根据地层黏土含量估计出砂情况,从而通过采取适当的防砂措施尽可能减少出砂量。某些情况下油藏比气藏更容易出砂。

关键词：流砂地层出砂采油工艺黏土含量胶结程度拖曳力

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A Bidimensional Finite Element Study of Crack Propagation in Austempered ductile Iron

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1411-1424页

作者： Gustavo von Zeska de França Roberto Luís de Assumpção Marco Antonio Luersen Carlos Henrique da silva department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Technology–ParanáCuritiba81280-340Brazil

Austempered ductile iron(AdI)is composed of an ausferritic matrix with graphite nodules and has a wide range of applications because of its high mechanical strength,fatigue resistance,and wear resistance compared to other cast *** amount and size of the nodules can be controlled by the chemical composition and austenitizing *** the nodules have lower stiffness than the matrix and can act as stress concentrators,they influence crack ***,the crack propagation mechanism in AdI is not yet fully *** this study,we describe a numerical investigation of crack propagation in AdIs subjected to cyclic *** numerical model used to calculate the stress intensity factors in the material under the given conditions is built with the aid of Abaqus commercial finite element *** crack propagation routine,which is based on the Paris law,is implemented in *** results of the simulation show that the presence of a nodule generates a shear load on the crack ***,even under uniaxial tensile loading,the presence of the nodule yields a non-zero stress intensity factor in mode II,resulting in a deviation in the crack propagation *** is the primary factor responsible for changing the crack propagation direction towards the *** the parameters,for example,increasing the nodule size or decreasing the distance between the nodule and crack tip,can intensify this *** simulations comparing two different AdIs with the same graphite fraction area,the crack in the material with more nodules reaches another nodule in a shorter propagation time(or shorter number of cycles).This suggests that the high fatigue resistance observed in AdIs may be correlated with the number of nodules intercepted by a crack and the additional energy required to nucleate new *** summary,these findings contribute to a better understanding of crack propagation in AdIs,provide insights into the relationship between the presence

关键词： Austempered ductile iron(AdI) fatigue crack propagation graphite nodule

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p-Cresol mineralization and bacterial population dynamics in a nitrifying sequential batch reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1885-1893页

作者： Carlos david silva Lizeth Beristain-Montiel Flor de Maria Cuervo-López Anne-Claire Texier department of Biotechnology-CBS Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaMexico City 09340Mexico department of Process and Technology-CNI Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-CuajimalpaMexico City 05300Mexico

The ability of a nitrifying sludge to oxidize p-cresol was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor （SBR）. p-Cresol was first transformed to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzoate, which were later mineralized. The specific rates of p-cresol consumption increased throughout the cycles. The bacterial population dynamics were monitored by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 0dGGE） and sequencing of dGGE fragments. The ability of the sludge to consume p-cresol and intermediates might be related to the presence of species such as Variouorax paradoxus and Thauera mechernichensis, p-Cresol （25 to 200 mg C/L） did not affect the nitrifying SBR performance （ammonium consumption efficiency and nitrate production yield were close to 100% and 1, respectively）. This may be related to the high stability observed in the nitrifying communities. It was shown that a nitrifying SBR may be a good alternative to eliminate simultaneously ammonium and p-cresol, maintaining stable the respiratory process as the bacterial community.

关键词： Nitrificationp-Cresol oxidationSequential batch reactorPopulation dynamicsEcological indices

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Integrating geochemical(surface waters, stream sediments)and biological(diatoms) approaches to assess AMd environmental impact in a pyritic mining area： Aljustrel(Alentejo, Portugal)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 215-226页

作者： Ana Teresa Luís Nuno duraes SaloméFernandes Pinheiro de Almeida Eduardo Ferreira da silva University of Aveiro Department of GeosciencesGeoBioTec--GeobiosciencesGeotechnologies and Geoengineering Research CenterCampus de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal University of Aveiro Department of BiologyGeoBioTec--GeobiosciencesGeotechnologies and Geoengineering Research CenterCampus de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centro de Ciencias do Mar CCMARUniversidade do AlgarveCampus de Gambelas8005-139 FaroPortugal

Aljustrel mines were classified as having high environmental hazard due to their large tailings volume and high metal concentrations in waters and *** assess acid mine drainage impacted systems whose environmental conditions change quickly,the use of biological indicators with short generation time such as diatoms is *** study combined geochemical and diatom data,whose results were highlighted in 3 groups：Group 1,with low p H（1.9–5.1）and high metal/metalloid（Al,As,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn;0.65–1032 mg/L）and SO4（405–39124 mg/L）*** acidophilic species,Pinnularia aljustrelica,was perfectly adapted to the adverse conditions;in contrast,teratological forms of Eunotia exigua were found,showing that metal toxicity affected this *** low availability of metals/metalloids in sediments of this group indicates that metals/metalloids of the exchangeable fractions had been solubilized,which in fact enables metal/metalloid diatom uptake and consequently the occurrence of teratologies;Group 2,with sites of near neutral p H（5.0–6.8）and intermediate metal/metalloid（0.002–6 mg/L）and SO4（302–2179 mg/L）concentrations;this enabled the existence of typical species of uncontaminated streams（Brachysira neglectissima,Achnanthidium minutissimum）;Group 3,with samples from unimpacted sites,showing low metal/metalloid（0–0.8 mg/L）and SO4（10–315 mg/L）concentrations,high pH（7.0–8.4）and Cl contents（10–2119 mg/L）and the presence of brackish to marine species（Entomoneis paludosa）.For similar conditions of acidity,differences in diversity,abundance and teratologies of diatoms can be explained by the levels of metals/metalloids.

关键词： Surface waters Stream sediments diatoms Metals/metalloids AMd Teratologies

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