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Additive manufacturing and 3D printing of metallic biomaterials

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Engineered Regeneration 2021年第1期2卷 288-299页

作者： Kaitlyn Chua Irfaan Khan Raoul malhotra Donghui Zhu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUnited States

The advancements of 3D printing technology have been combined with the use of metallic biomaterials to cre-ate devices and products for the biomedical field.3D printing has been a revolutionary process that makes the fabrication of metallic biomedical devices highly specific and simultaneously easier than other fabrication *** purpose and overall function of each medical device created is dependent on the type of metal used along with its fabrication *** this review paper,the major characteristics of metallic biomaterials,includ-ing iron,magnesium,zinc,titanium,cobalt,and stainless steel,will be *** considerations of these metallic biomaterials include degradation rate,biocompatibility,and mechanical properties will be ***,various additive manufacturing processes will be *** on the 3D printing method and the use of specific alloys,these properties can be altered to optimize their functionality for purposes such as bone implants,stents,and other devices.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Metallic biomaterials Alloys Biodegradable Implants

Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第30期7卷 2962-2967页

作者： Neel malhotra Melanie D Beaton Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Western University London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital

There is no single pharmacologic therapy that has been approved to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population. The backbone of therapy currently includes intensive lifestyle modification withestablished targets for diet and weight loss. The use of unsweetened, unfiltered coffee along with limiting high fructose corn syrup have emerged as beneficial dietary recommendations. The use of empiric oral hypoglycemic agents and vitamin E, however, has not been widely accepted. Developing bariatric surgical techniques are promising, but additional studies with long-term follow up are needed before it can be widely recommended. Finally, liver transplantation is an increasingly frequent consideration once complications of endstage disease have developed. The future treatment of those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will likely involve a personalized approach. The importance of the gut microbiome in mediating hepatocyte inflammation and intestinal permeability is emerging and may offer avenues for novel treatment. The study of anti-fibrotic agents such as pentoxifylline and FXR agonists hold promise and new pathways, such as hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor antagonists are being studied. With the incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome increasing throughout the developed world, the future will continue to focus on finding novel agents and new applications of existing therapies to help prevent and to mediate the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

关键词： Lobular inflammation Non-alcoholic fattyliver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis

Isolated Bell's palsy-An unusual presentation of dengue infection

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 82-84页

作者： Soumia Peter malhotra N Peter P Sood R Department of Medicine Christian Medical College & Hospital Department of Radiodiagnosis Christian Medical College & Hospital

Dengue fever is a very common arthropod-borne infection in tropical *** complications in dengue fever are relatively uncommon and among these,isolated cranial neuropathies have been reported only very *** present an unusual neurological complication of Bell’s palsy(lower motor neuron 7 th nerve palsy) associated with dengue *** the best of our knowledge,there have been very few documented cases of Flavivirus causing isolated Bell’s palsy.

关键词： Dengue infection Bell’s palsy

To “tell or not to tell”——Exploring disclosure about medicine use by people living with sleep disorders

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第4期20卷 338-347页

作者： Vibha malhotra Joanna Harnett Erica McIntyre Amie Steel Keith Wong Bandana Saini School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia The Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine School of Public Healththe University of TechnologySydneyNew South Wales 2007Australia Institute for Sustainable Futures the University of TechnologySydneyNew South Wales 2007Australia The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research the University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2037Australia Sydney Medical School Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Department of Respiratory&Sleep Medicine Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNew South Wales 2050Australia

Objective: To explore the difference in rates and reasons for disclosure of either conventional or complementary medicine(CM) to healthcare practitioners between people living with sleep disorders(SDs) and those without ***: A cross-sectional survey(N = 2019 adults) that measured sociodemographic characteristics,health status, health service utilisation, health literacy and health communication(medicine disclosure)of a representative sample of Australians was conducted. Data from participants reporting an SD(n = 265)were compared to those not reporting an SD to assess measures of health communication and disclosure about medicine ***: Overall, rates of medicine disclosure to both conventional and CM practitioners were high, in respondents with(70%) and without an SD(57%). Those reporting an SD had higher expectations of their conventional health practitioner’s knowledge of CM, associated clinical decision-making skills, and approval of CM use, and held a higher degree of concern about drug interactions(P < 0.05). The main reasons cited for disclosing CM use to conventional health practitioners and conventional medicine use to CM practitioners were “I want them to fully understand my health status” and“I was concerned about drug interactions with the CMs used.”Conclusion: The high rate of medicine use disclosure by people with SDs is driven by an intention to inform their healthcare practitioner about their health status and concerns about potential medicine interactions. Therefore, research about the expectations that people with an SD have of their conventional healthcare practitioners’ knowledge of CM and CM-drug interactions requires further ***, further examination of CM practitioner’s conventional medicine knowledge is encouraged.

关键词： Medicine disclosure Complementary medicine Drug interactions Sleep disorder Patient safety Cross-sectional survey

Compartmentalized Metabolic Engineering for Artemisinin Biosynthesis and Effective Malaria Treatment by Oral Delivery of Plant Cells

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Molecular Plant 2016年第11期9卷 1464-1477页

作者： Karan malhotra Mayavan Subramaniyan Khushboo Rawat Md. Kalamuddin M. Irfan Qureshi Pawan malhotra Asif Mohmmed Katrina Cornish Henry Daniell Shashi Kumar1 Metabolic Engineering Group Malaria Research Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India Department of Biotechnology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India Department of Horticulture and Crop Science The Ohio State University Wooster OH 44691 USA Department of Biochemistry School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Artemisinin is highly effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites, which affects nearly half of the global population and kills 〉500 000 people each year. The primary cost of artemisinin is the very expensive process used to extract and purify the drug from Artemisia annua. Elimination of this apparently unnecessary step will make this potent antimalarial drug affordable to the global population living in endemic regions. Here we reported the oral delivery of a non-protein drug artemisinin biosynthesized （~0.8 mg/g dry weight） at clinically meaningful levels in tobacco by engineering two metabolic pathways targeted to three different cellular compartments （chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria）. The doubly transgenic lines showed a three-fold enhancement of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and targeting AACPR, DBR2, and CYP71AV1 to chloroplasts resulted in higher expression and an efficient photo-oxidation of di- hydroartemisinic acid to artemisinin. Partially purified extracts from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants inhibited in vitro growth progression of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Oral feeding of whole intact plant cells bioencapsulating the artemisinin reduced the parasitemia levels in challenged mice in comparison with commercial drug. Such novel synergistic approaches should facilitate low-cost production and delivery of artemisinin and other drugs through metabolic engineering of edible plants.

关键词： bioencapsulation oral delivery of plant material dihydroartemisinic acid isopentenyl pyrophosphate,plant transformation drug biosynthesis

Total hip replacement for arthritis following tuberculosis of hip

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第8期6卷 636-640页

作者： Vijay Kumar Bhavuk Garg Rajesh malhotra Department of Orthopaedics All India Institute of Medical Sciences

AIM: To present the results of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for post tubercular arthritis of the hip ***: Sixty-five patients(45 male, 20 female) with previously treated tuberculosis of the hip joint underwent cementless THA for post tubercular arthritis. The average age at the time of THA was 48 years(range 29 to 65 years). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, chest X-ray and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were done preoperatively to confirm resolution of the disease and to rule out any residual disease. Intra-operative samples were taken for microbiological examination, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and histological examination. Patients were started on anti-tubercular drugs one week before the operation and continued for 6 mo post operatively. The patients were followed up clinically using the Harris hip score as well as radiologically for any loosening of the implants, osteolysis and any recurrence of tuberculosis. Any complications especially the recurrence of the infection was also ***: The mean interval from completion of antitubercular therapy for tuberculosis to surgery was 4.2 years(range, 2-6 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients had ankylosis whereas 48 patients had functional but painful range of motion. The mean surgical time was 97 min(range, 65-125) whereas the mean blood loss was 600 m L(range, 400-900 m L). The average follow up was 8.3 years(range 6-11 years). The average Harris Hip score improved from 27 preoperatively to 91 at the final follow up. Seventeen patients had acetabularprotrusion which was managed with impaction grafting and cementless acetabular cup. The bone graft had consolidated in all these 17 patients at the follow up. Two patients developed discharging sinuses at 9 and 11 mo postoperatively respectively. The discharge tested positive for tuberculosis on the PCR. Both these patients were put on antitubercular therapy for another year. Both of them recovered and had no evidence of

关键词： Total hip replacement Cementless hip replacement Tuberculosis hip Post-tubercular arthritis hip Total hip arthroplasty

Disseminated cysticercosis presenting with bilateral proptosis: A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第7期12卷 337-338页

作者： Ravindra Kumar Garg Neeraj Kumar Imran Rizvi Hardeep Singh malhotra Department of Neurology King George’s Medical University Uttar Pradesh

Rationale: Disseminated cysticercosis is characterized by presence of cysts in multiple body organs, like brain, skin, eyes, muscles and rarely heart and *** concerns: A 22-year-old man presented with bilateral proptosis of 1-year duration. He also had two episodes of cysticercosis encephalitis. In the second episode of encephalopathy, the patient ***: Disseminated ***: Corticosteroids(Initially intravenous dexamethasone 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, followed by oral prednisolone 1.0 mg/kg/day).Outcomes: The patient died of cysticercosis encephalitis approximately 2 months ***: Disseminated cysticercosis in our case presented only with proptosis as he had very heavy infestation of the brain and eyes. Heavy larval infestation in a patient with disseminated cysticercosis can be life-threatening.

关键词： Neurocysticercosis Cysticercosis encephalitis Proptosis

Colitis cystica profunda of the rectum: An unexpected operative finding

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第7期4卷 177-180页

作者： Abraham A Ayantunde Claire Strauss Malathi Sivakkolunthu Anu malhotra Department of Surgery Southend University Hospital Department of Histopathology Southend University Hospital

Colitis cystic profunda is a rare entity benign condition of the colon and rectum that can mimic suspicious polyps or malignancy. The commonest sites of affectation are the rectum and the sigmoid colon but it can be unusually widely distributed in the colon. The aetiology of this condition is not fully elucidated and confident diagnosis can only be made on histological features. We hereby describe a patient who presented with significant rectal symptoms and an unexpected finding of a submucosal mucous cyst mimicking a suspicious rectal polyp and highlighted its significance and the review of the literature.

关键词： Colitis cystica profunda Suspicious rectal polyp Solitary rectal ulcer Rectal prolapse Adenocarcinoma

Speed-Direction Sensing under Multiple Vehicles Scenario Using Photonic Radars

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5399-5410页

作者： Abhishek Sharma Sushank Chaudhary Jyoteesh malhotra Muhammad Saadi Sattam Al Otaibi Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij Department of Electronics Technology Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar143005India Wireless Communication Ecosystem Research Unit Department of Electrical EngineeringChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Electronics and Communication Guru Nanak Dev UniversityRegional Campus JalandharIndia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia

Recent reports from World Health Organization(WHO)show the impact of human negligence as a serious concern for road accidents and casualties *** are number of reasons which led to this negligence;hence,need of intelligent transportation system(ITS)gains more attention from researchers *** achieving such autonomy different sensors are involved in autonomous vehicles which can sense road conditions and warn the control system about possible *** work is focused on designing one such sensor system which can detect and range multiple targets under the impact of adverse atmospheric conditions.A high-speed Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave(LFMCW)based Photonic Radar is proposed to detect multiple targets by integrating Mode division multiplexing(MDM).Reported results in terms of range frequency,Doppler frequency and range resolution are demonstrated using numerical simulations with the bandwidths of 1 and 4 GHz and under adverse atmospheric conditions carrying 75 dB/km of *** prove the effectiveness of the proposed photonic radar,moving targets are also demonstrated with different *** reported substantial range resolution of 15 cm using 1 GHz of bandwidth and 3 cm using 4 GHz of bandwidth.

关键词： World health organization linear frequency modulated continuous wavelength mode division multiplexing intelligent transportation system photonic radar autonomous vehicle