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Direct Reduction of Solid Fe_2O_3 in Molten CaCl_2 by Potentially Green Process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第6期25卷 767-771页

作者： Guoming Li dihua wang Zhen Chen DepartMent of Cllemistry and MaTerials Science College of Sciences Naval University of Engineering Wuhan 430033 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China School of Chemical Environmental and Mining Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

Sintered （300℃） porous pellets of Fe2O3 were electrolyzed to Fe in molten CaCl2 （800-900℃） under argon at 1.8-3.2 V for 2-20 h. The laboratory scale experiments show that it was a potentially direct green method to produce Fe powder. At lower electrolysis voltage （〈2.2 V）, higher current efficiency （〉90%） and smaller energy consumption （-3.0 kWh/kg） can be obtained. When the electrolysis voltage was above 2.4 V, the deposition of metal Ca from the salt lowered the current efficiency and increased the energy consumption. The electrolysis voltage also had effects on the micrographs of the reduced powder. The cubic particles can be seen in the products at the voltage lower than 2.2 V; when the voltage was higher than 2.2 V, it was nodular. The reduction proceeds at the cathode in two steps, i.e., from Fe2O3 to FeO and then to Fe. The oxygen emits at the anode. The process is potentially free of carbon emission and produces two useful products at both cathode and anode, promising a zero-emission technology for the extractive metallurgical industry.

关键词： Electro-reduction Ferric oxide Iron powder Molten calcium chloride

Regulating electrolytic Fe_(0.5)CoNiCuZn_(x) high entropy alloy electrodes for oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline solution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第34期93卷 110-118页

作者： Jian Huang Peilin wang Peng Li Huayi Yin dihua wang School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

The properties of high entropy alloys(HEAs)depend on their phase structures and ***,it is difficult to control the composition of the HEAs that contain highly volatile metals by the conventional arc melting *** this paper,homogeneous powdery face centered cubic(FCC)phase Fe_(0.5)CoNiCuZn_(x) HEAs were prepared by the electrolysis of metal oxides in molten Na_(2)CO_(3)-K_(2)CO_(3) using a stable Ni11Fe10Cu inert oxygen-evolution *** use of oxide precursors and relatively low synthetic temperature are beneficial to efficiently preparing HEAs that contain highly volatile elements such as ***,the microstructures and compositions of the electrolytic HEAs can be easily tailored by adjusting the components of oxide precursors,then further regulating its ***,the electrocatalytic activity of Fe_(0.5)Co NiCuZn_(x) HEAs towards oxygen evolution reactions(OER)was investigated in 1 M *** results show that Zn promotes the OER activity of Fe_(0.5)CoNiCuZn_(x) HEAs,i.e.,the HEA(Zn_(0.8))shows the best OER activity exhibiting a low overpotential of 340 m V at 10 m A/cm^(2) and excellent stability of 24 ***,molten salt electrolysis not only provides a green approach to prepare Fe_(0.5)CoNiCuZn_(x) HEAs but also offers an effective way to regulate the structure of the alloys and thereby optimizes the electrocatalytic activities for water electrolysis.

关键词： High entropy alloy Molten salt electrolysis Zn-containing alloys Water electrolysis Oxygen evolution reaction

Efficient molten salt CO_(2)capture and selective electrochemical transformation processes toward carbon neutrality:advances,challenges,and prospects

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 3116-3135页

作者： Bowen Deng Huayi Yin Kaifa Du dihua wang School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration has reached record levels due to excessive anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from massive industrial ***-energy-driven CO_(2)electroreduction is an effective method of directly converting CO_(2)into various value-added chemicals or materials without subsequent geological disposal *** to their promising thermal stability,wide electrochemical window,tunable oxo-basicity,and nontoxic nature,molten salt electrolytes endow intrinsic advantages,such as fast CO_(2)absorption and selective electrochemical transformation,among different electrolyte species,wherein advanced carbon materials,CO,and hydrocarbons can be generated at relatively high current ***,we review the recent advances in molten salt CO_(2)capture and electrochemical transformation(MSCC-ET)technologies,including reaction mechanisms,CO_(2)absorption kinetics,electrode reaction kinetics,and product *** review highlights feasible strategies for regulating nanostructures,carbon product crystallinity,energy efficiency,overall CO_(2)conversion efficiency,and MSCC-ET adaptability toward practical flue ***,suitable cost-effective inert anode candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction are discussed.

关键词： carbon dioxide electroreduction CO_(2)capture molten salt electrode reaction energy efficiency

A general descriptor for guiding the electrolysis of CO_(2)in molten carbonate

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 748-757页

作者： Zhengshan Yang Bowen Deng Kaifa Du Huayi Yin dihua wang School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and EnergyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Molten carbonate is an excellent electrolyte for the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to carbonaceous ***,the electrolyte–electrode-reaction relationship has not been well ***,we propose a general descriptor,the CO_(2)activity,to reveal the electrolyte–electrode-reaction relationship by thermodynamic calculations and experimental *** studies agree well with theoretical predictions that both cations(Li^(+),Ca^(2+),Sr^(2+)and Ba^(2+))and anions(BO_(2)^(-),Ti_(5)O_(14)^(8-),SiO_(3)^(2-))can modulate the CO_(2)activity to control both cathode and anode reactions in a typical molten carbonate electrolyzer in terms of tuning reaction products and *** this regard,the reduction of CO_(3)^(2-)can be interpreted as the direct reduction of CO_(2)generated from the dissociated CO_(3)^(2-),and the CO_(2)activity can be used as a general descriptor to predict the electrode reaction in molten ***,the CO_(2)activity descriptor unlocks the electrolyte–electrode-reaction relationship,thereby providing fundamental insights into guiding molten carbonate CO_(2)electrolysis.

关键词： Molten carbonate CO_(2)activity CO_(2)RR Electrolyte engineering Carbon

Understanding the electrode reaction process of dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Ni/Fe nanoparticles: Effect of pH and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第10期31卷 13-20页

作者： Kaiyuan Zheng Yuqiao Song Xu wang Xin Li Xuhui Mao dihua wang School of Resources and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy Wuhan University Wuhan 430079China

Herein,with the exploitation of iron and nickel electrodes,the 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)dechlorinating processes at the anode and cathode,respectively,were separately studied via various electrochemical techniques(e.g.,Tafel polarization,linear polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy).With this in mind,Ni/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by chemical solution deposition,and utilized to test the dechlorination activities of 2,4-DCP over a bimetallic *** the iron anode,the results showed that higher 2,4-DCP concentration and solution acidity aggravated the corrosion within the *** charge transfer resistance(Rct)values of the iron electrode were 703,473,444,and 437Ω·cm2 for the initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of0,20,50,and 80 mg/L,*** the bulk pH of the 2,4-DCP solution varied from 3.0,5.0to 7.0,the corresponding Rct values were 315,376,and 444Ω·cm2,*** the nickel cathode,the reduction current densities on the electrode at-0.75 V(*** calomel electrode)were 80,106,and 111μA/cm2,for initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 40,80,and125 mg/*** dechlorination experiments demonstrated that when the initial pH of the solution was 7.0,5.0,and 3.0,the dechlorination percentage of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles was 62%,69%,and 74%,respectively,which was in line with the electrochemical experiments.10 wt.%Ni loading into Ni/Fe bimetal was affordable and gave a good dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP,and fortunately the Ni/Fe nanoparticles remained comparatively stable in the dechlorination processes at pH 3.0.

关键词： 2,4-Dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) Dechlorination Corrosion Catalytic hydrogenation Ni/Fe particles

Eliminating carbon contamination with improved one-step electrochemical preparation of refractory high-entropy alloy TiZrHfNbTa

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第32期163卷 132-139页

作者： Peng Li Jinhang Fan Kaifa Du Peilin wang Ao Liu Huayi Yin dihua wang International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Creating refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)effectively without impurities is a momentous *** methods for the preparation of RHEAs have exacting requirements for raw material purity and energy *** salt electrolytic oxides are applied to the preparation of HEAs by virtue of their low cost and high ***,the use of graphite anodes in electrolysis will result in the carbon contamination of the products due to the deposition of CO_(3)^(2−)at the *** the reaction temperature accelerates the deoxidation of the oxide,thus reducing the amount of carbide but not eliminating *** HfH_(2)instead of HfO_(2)and using Nb_(2)O_(5)to shield the precursor can effectively remove carbon ***,this leads to a complicated preparation process and energy ***,we use the solid oxygen ion-conducting membrane(SOM)containing graphite and Sn(named as SOM@C/Sn)anode to separate the carbon from the molten salt and prevent the circulation of CO_(3)^(2−).The pure single-phase TiZrHfNbTa RHEA can be produced in only one-step with the SOM@C/Sn anode,which completely solves the problem of carbon contamination in the molten salt electrolysis preparation of *** work provides a feasible solution for the preparation of novel complex alloys such as carbon-free RHEAs in a low-cost short process.

关键词： High entropy alloy TiZrHfNbTa Molten salt Electrolysis Carbon contamination

The capacitive performances of carbon obtained from the electrolysis of CO_(2) in molten carbonates: Effects of electrolysis voltage and temperature

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 418-424页

作者： Diyong Tang Yanpeng Dou Huayi Yin Xuhui Mao Wei Xiao dihua wang School of Resource and Environmental Sciences International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei ProvinceWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072HubeiChina

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to capacitive carbon in molten Li2 CO3–Na2 CO3–K2 CO3 is an effective strategy for capturing and utilizing CO2. This paper reports the effects of the cell voltages and operating temperatures(450–650 °C) of the molten salt electrolysis on the capacitive performance of electrolytic carbon. The electrolytic carbon delivers excellent specific capacitance when the cell voltage is 4.5 V and the temperature of molten salt is 450 °C. The carbon obtained at 450 °C and under 4.5 V delivers a specific capacitance of 550 F g^(-1) at 0.2 A g^(-1) in 1 M aqueous H2 SO4, and the capacity retention rate is73% after 10000 cycles. The specific capacitance of the electrolytic carbon increases as the electrolysis temperature decreases, and the optimal cell voltage is 4.5 V.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Electrochemical conversion Molten carbonates Carbon Supercapacitor

A stable oxygen evolution splitting electrocatalysts high entropy alloy FeCoNiMnMo in simulated seawater

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第7期138卷 29-35页

作者： Peng Li Yuanpeng Yao Wengen Ouyang Ze Liu Huayi Yin dihua wang International Cooperation Base for Sustainable Utilization of Resources and Energy in Hubei Province Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Civil EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Stabilizing anode for oxygen evolution(OER)in chlorine-containing electrolytes is a significant *** corrosion inhibitors in electrolytes can alleviate this problem,but the type and dosage of cor-rosion inhibitors need a lot of exploration,and side reactions may occur to reduce current ***,we prepared a FeCoNiMnMo High entropy alloy(HEA)electrode for OER in simulated seawa-ter without corrosion *** exhibits great electrocatalytic activity(overpotential(η)=237 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and excellent stability(200 h at 100 mA cm^(-2)).Experiments and Density Functional The-ory(DFT)calculation show that the protective layer containing K_(2)MoO_(4)is the crucial factor for chlorine resistance of FeCoNiMnMo *** tightly adsorbed state of Cl-and K_(2)MoO_(4)ensures that other oxides are not *** the externally added K_(2)MoO_(4)cannot protect the *** addition,the high-entropy effect of HEA reduces the dissolution of the *** work provides an efficient way to prepare a noble-free HEA catalyst that can stabilize oxygen evolution in corrosive electrolytes.

关键词： High entropy alloy Oxygen evolution reaction Corrosion inhibitor Chlorine resistance K_(2)MoO_(4)

Corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–Ni based alloys exposed to molten MgCl_(2)–KCl–NaCl salt with over-added Mg corrosion inhibitor

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第10期17卷 1608-1619页

作者： Rui Yu Qing Gong Hao Shi Yan Chai Alexander Bonk Alfons Weisenburger dihua wang Georg Müller Thomas Bauer Wenjin Ding Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany School of Resources and Environmental Science Wuhan University(WHU)Wuhan 430072China Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center(DLR)70569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace Center(DLR)70569 CologneGermany

MgCl_(2)–NaCl–KCl salts mixture shows great potential as a high-temperature(>700°C)thermal energy storage material in next-generation concentrated solar power *** Mg into molten MgCl_(2)–NaCl–KCl salt as a corrosion inhibitor is one of the most effective and cost-effective methods to mitigate the molten salt corrosion of commercial Fe–Cr–Ni ***,it is found in this work that both stainless steel 310 and Incoloy 800H samples were severely corroded after 500 h immersion test at 700°C when the alloy samples directly contacted with the over-added Mg in the liquid *** corrosion attack is different from the classical impurity-driven corrosion in molten chloride salts found in previous *** analysis indicates that Ni preferentially leaches out of alloy matrix due to the tendency to form MgNi_(2)/Mg_(2)Ni *** Ni-depletion leads to the formation of a porous corrosion layer on both alloys,with the thickness around 204μm(stainless steel 310)and 1300μm(Incoloy 800H),*** results suggest that direct contact of liquid Mg with Ni-containing alloys should be avoided during using Mg as a corrosion inhibitor for MgCl_(2)–NaCl–KCl or other chlorides for high temperature heat storage and transfer.

关键词： concentrated solar power(CSP) Mg corrosion inhibitor Mg-Ni intermetallic salt purification thermal energy storage(TES)