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Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Abundance of Crocodylus suchus (Saint-Hilaire 1807) within the Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第12期12卷 788-803页

作者： Ilassa ouedraogo Adama Oueda M. Emmanuel Hema Matthew H. Shirley B. Gustave Kabre Departement de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et écologie Animales Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche/Sciences Appliquées et Technologiques Université de Dédougou Dédougou Burkina Faso Institute for the Environment Florida International University North Miami USA

In Burkina Faso, human activities are practiced in Nazinga Game Ranch (NGR) which is colonized by West African crocodiles Crocodylus suchus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1807) decades ago. This study which aims to estimate impact of anthropogenic activities on abundance of C. suchus has been conducted in NGR reservoirs. For data collection, C. suchus populations were counted morning, afternoon and night from October 2015 to May 2017 in 11 reservoirs. Binoculars were used for remote observations and spotlight was used by night. According to the size of the sites and its accessibility, direct observations were carried out on foot or by canoe. Every time we observed crocodiles, they were numbered and added information such as their size, their behavior, geographical coordinates and the type of habitat were collected. Human activities were noted after direct observations. The R software version 3.5.3 was used for data analysis. A total of 1849 crocodiles including hatchlings, juveniles, subadults and adults were counted in these 11 reservoirs of the NGR. They were more abundant in reservoirs than rivers with highest abundances in Akalon, Akwazena, Kalieboulou and Barka. Crocodile showed very high visibility at night their abundances showed important correlation with human activities and environmental factors such as roads, fishing, tourism, moon phases and “died crocodiles” and in NGR.

关键词： Crocodylus suchus Abundance Human Activities Protected Area Burkina Faso

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CT Aspects of Psychomotor Delays in Children Aged 0 to 5 Years at Bogodogo University Hospital (Ouagadougou)

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第3期12卷 92-101页

作者： ouedraogo Nina-Astrid Tall Mohamed Sawadogo Adama Kambou Tiemtore Benilde Marie Ange Yougbare Solange Cisse Rabiou Laboratory of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Radiology Department Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pediatric Department of the University Hospital of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Radiology Department Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Psychomotor delays in children are mainly investigated by CT imaging, due to the low availability and accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging in our context. Our aim was to study the CT aspects of psychomotor retardation (PMR) in children under 5 years of age at the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with retrospective collection carried out over a period of twelve months (from September 2020 to August 2021). Our study focused on the reports of cranioencephalic CT scans performed on children aged 0 to 5 years, in whom a clinical diagnosis of psychomotor retardation had been made. Variables studied included socio-demographic data, clinical data, technique of CT examination, description of lesions and normality or not of the conclusion. Results: Cranioencephalic CT in children aged 0 - 5 years represented 9.78% of all CT scans performed in this age group. The sex ratio was 1.39. The mean age of the subjects in these reports was 18.31 ± 13.97 months and the modal class was [13 - 24] months. The CT scan was considered pathological in 85.10% of cases (n = 57). The most frequently noted encephalic anomalies were cerebral atrophy isolated in 54.4% of the cases (n = 31) or associated with other lesions in 30.1% of the cases (n = 17). Hydrocephalus was noted in 19.5% of the cases (n = 11). Conclusion: The lesions were mostly sequelae of cerebral ischaemia or cerebromeningeal infections. There were few cerebral malformations. There was no tumour etiology noted.

关键词： CT Scan Brain Child Ouagadougou Psychomotor Delay

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Stabilization of a Lateric Clay from Burkina Faso with Cement-Metakaolin for an Application in Road Construction

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 1-20页

作者： Souleymane Sanou Issiaka Sanou Moussa ouedraogo Halidou Bamogo Lohami Valentin Landry Gnoumou Younoussa Millogo Seynou Mohamed Laboratoire de Chimie et Energies Renouvelables (LaCER) Département de Chimie Université Nazi BONI (UNB) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux (LC2M) Département de Chimie Université Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of this work is to obtain a composite of clay-cement-metakaolin having good mechanical properties and geotechnical. To do this, a lateritic clay from Burkina Faso referenced ALK was characterized by various methods (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, thermal analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma, Atomic Emission Spectrometry) in order to be used as a base course after adding cement and metakaolin. The results of the mineralogical characterization of this clay showed that it is composed of kaolinite (65.7 wt.%), quartz (19.3 wt.%) and goethite (10.8 wt.%). The geotechnical tests carried out showed that ALK is moderately plastic with a plasticity index Ip = 22%. The optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density are respectively 15.9% and 1.76 g∙cm-3. Simple compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are Rc = 1.59 MPa and ft = 0.149 MPa respectively. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) index at 95% is 40% and above the minimum value of 30% shows that ALK can be used as a sub-base course in road construction. The addition of cement and metakaolin in various proportions improved the CBR index and the mechanical strength of the composites produced. This improvement is due to the formation of hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) resulting from the pozzolanic reaction between the portlandite of the cement and the amorphous silica of the metakaolin. Thus the 2 wt.% metakaolin and 6 wt.% cement formulation with a 95%CBR index of 81% is suitable for the development of a base course in road construction.

关键词： Lateritic Clay Cement Metakaolin Road Construction The California Bearing Ratio Index

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Impacts of Agricultural Activities on Land Degradation along the Bomboré River in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 176-195页

作者： Joseph Nomwindé Kabore Elie Serge Gaëtan Sauret Wennegouda Jean Pierre Sandwidi Raoul Christian ouedraogo Brahima Sorgho Senghor Campus Senghor University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso General Office of Plants Productions Ministry of Agriculture Animal and Fishery Resources Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Research/National Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research Farak&#244ba Research Station Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Higher School of Engineering University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Alliance for the Green Revolution Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Molecular Chemistry and Materials Laboratory Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Land along the Bomboré River in the rural commune of Mogtédo in Burkina Faso is experiencing degradation. The explanatory causes of this degradation constitute the subject of this study. To do this, a survey was conducted among agricultural producers deployed along the watercourse. Soil profiles were described and samples were taken to analyze pH, soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and texture. The RUSLE model approach based on landstat8 OLI/TIRS and SRTM satellite images dated December 17, 2021 with fairly good radiometric, spatial, and spectral resolution was used to calculate the land loss rate. In terms of results, the potentially irrigable areas that spread out on both sides of the banks of the river cover 209.23 ha with a perimeter of 6.16 km. The number of irrigators is 26 producers and they grow 17.92 ha of vegetables. Soil analyzes indicate the presence of a moderate acid on the vertisol with a pH between 5.57 and 5.86. On the depth 0 - 30 cm of the horizon, the color of the horizons ranges from 5YR4/2 on the talweg and on the right bank to 7.5YR3/2 on the left bank and presents no risk of salinity because the electrical conductivity measured is less than 1dS/cm. The diagnosis of hydromechanical equipment shows that producers use 46 motor pumps for irrigation, of which 15 motor pumps run on gasoline and 31 motor pumps on butane gas with a ratio of 1.7 motor pumps per producer. The number of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipes used by producers in combination with a motor pump gives an average of 44 per farmer. In terms of mineral fertilization, the gross doses used by producers are 415.53 kg/ha of NPK and 201.55 kg/ha of urea, while the quantities of phytosanitary products are 3.99 l/ha of pesticides and 1.42 l/ha of herbicides. Agricultural activities emit about 222,436.66 kgCO2eq into the atmosphere, whose emissions from motor pumps represent 84.52% of these total emissions. The land loss estimate gives an average rate of 2.30

关键词： Agricultural Irrigation Land Degradation RUSLE Model Erosion Rate Environment

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Trophic Structure of the Fish Community in the Samandeni Reservoir—Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第9期13卷 621-632页

作者： Minoungou Mahamoudou Kiendrebeogo Seni ouedraogo Raymond Da Nomwine Sawadogo Marc Florent Yabyoure Bance Victor Oueda Adama Laboratoire de Biologie et écologie Animales Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Environnement de l’Economie verte et du Changement Climatique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Environnement et Forêts Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Filière Agrosylvopastorale Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Manga Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso

From November 2020 to August 2022, the diet of 12 fish species from the Samandeni reservoir was examined in order to describe the diet and the trophic level of each of them. The analysis of this vital function allows a better knowledge of the concerned ecosystem and gives opportunity for its better management. The fish were sampled with gill nets and cast net. A total of 213 stomach contents of individuals belonging to 12 species grouped in 7 families and 10 genera were analysed. Results showed low to medium vacuity coefficients. The preys were mainly composed of fish, insects, detritus, zooplankton and phytoplankton. Variability in the use of resources by individuals was evident. Thus, the 12 species were classified as fish-eating predators, granivorous, zooplanktivorous, insectivorous and filter-feeding microphages. Then, the fish trophic structure of the Samandeni reservoir was elaborated.

关键词： Diet Vacuity Coefficient Trophic Organisation Samandeni Burkina Faso

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An Exact Solution of Telegraph Equations for Voltage Monitoring of Electrical Transmission Line

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Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第11期14卷 669-679页

作者： Daouda Konane Wend Yam Serge Boris ouedraogo Toussaint Tilado Guingane Abdoulaye Zongo Zacharie Koalaga François Zougmoré Laboratoire de Matériauxet Environnement (LAME) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Direction de la Distribution Société Nationale de l’Electricité du Burkina (SONABEL) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Telegraph equations are derived from the equations of transmission line theory. They describe the relationships between the currents and voltages on a portion of an electric line as a function of the linear constants of the conductor (resistance, conductance, inductance, capacitance). Their resolution makes it possible to determine the variation of the current and the voltage as a function of time at each point of the line. By adopting a general sinusoidal form, we propose a new exact solution to the telegraphers’ partial differential equations. Different simulations have been carried out considering the parameter of the 12/20 (24) kV Medium Voltage Cable NF C 33,220. The curves of the obtained solution better fit the real voltage curves observed in the electrical networks in operation.

关键词： Telegraph Equation Electric Network Voltage Variation Electrical Transmission Lines Analytical Solution

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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Capacities of Two Medicinal Plants Used against Urinary Infections in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第12期12卷 671-683页

作者： Sami Eric Kam Roland Nâg-Tiéro Meda Soufiane Domalick Sanou Windmi Kagambega Clarisse ouedraogo Franck Téounviel Somda Isaac Saamou Boni Eliasse Zongo Daniel Kobo Gnada Azouman Da Benjamin Kouliga Koama Hermann Yempabou Ouoba Georges Anicet ouedraogo Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Santé et Biotechnologies Animales Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactériologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Médicine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. and Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR. Methodology: The crude hydro-acetonic and aqueous extracts as well their fractionations were prepared. The total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins contents were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and vanillin acid methods, respectively. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated using standard methods. Results: Euphorbia hirta showed significant contents of total phenolic and flavonoids in n-Butanol (145.14 ± 1.37 GAE/100mg extracts) and ethyl acetate (23.56 ± 0.68 mg QE/ 100mg extracts) fractions. Total tannins were high in hydro-acétonique extract (11.18 ± 0.31 mg TAE/100mg extracts) and aqueous fraction (11.12 ± 0.28 mg TAE/100mg extracts) of Terminalia avicennioides stem barks. Extracts and fractions of both plants demonstrated a strongly antioxidant capacity through the free radicals scavenging and the ferric ions reducing. Concerning antimicrobial screening the extracts of Terminalia avicennioides were effective against 16 causative pathogens of urinary tract infections. Bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus and 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains was found with aqueous fraction of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. This fraction also highlighted a synergetic effect with some antibiotics used against these bacterial strains. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides leaves could be recommended as an herbal drug formulation for the urinary infections management.

关键词： Antimicrobial Antioxidant Euphorbia hirta L. Terminalia avicennioides GUILL & PERR Urinary Infections

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Factors for Postponement or Cancellation of Operating Programs Set in the Orthopedics-Traumatology Department of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第12期12卷 451-462页

作者： Mamoudou Sawadogo Alexandre Stanislas Korsaga Sayouba Tinto Anatole ouedraogo Didier Denne Christian Darga Abdourahmane Ouangre Anne Valérie Kabore Orthopedic-Traumatology Department Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Orthopedics-Traumatology Department Regional University Teaching Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

Objective: The purpose of this work was to study the factors of cancellations or postponement of regulated operating programs of the Orthopedic-Traumatology unit of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study over a period of six months. All interventions postponed or canceled during the study period were included. Patients who died or were lost to follow-up before surgery were not included. Results and Comments: the postponement/ cancellation rate was 24.5%. Out of 83 operations cancelled, 72.3% of patients were under 50 years old [extreme 15 and 88 years old]. ASA classes I and II were dominant with 57% and 37% of patients canceled, respectively. There were more postponed interventions (67.5%) than definitive cancellations (32.5%). The causes found were avoidable in 68.7% of cases. The most common was the unavailability of labile blood products (57%), the lack of financial means (36%) and the absence of the patient (28%). The results of our study show that 53% of the causes of cancellations were related to the organization of the hospital. Conclusion: the cancellation rate of orthopedic surgeries remains high at Yalgado Ouédraogo University Teaching Hospital. Most of the causes of cancellations are potentially preventable and the vast majority of them are related to the organization of the hospital. Financial accessibility to care plays an important role in cancellations.

关键词： Postponement Cancellation Settled Surgery Orthopedics-Traumatology Causes

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Influence of Sorbent Type on Drying Efficiency, Production Costs and Nutritional Values of Mango By-Products Feeds for Livestock

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1221-1231页

作者： Kiendrébéogo Timbilfou Koadia Marcelle Grâce Sodre Etienne Barry Drissa ouedraogo Zangbéwindin Isidor Tarpaga Vianey Laboratoire Centrale d’Horticulture (LCH /Centre Régional d’Excellence en Fruits et Légumes (CRE-FL) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) Département Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude des Ressources Naturelles et des Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie (ED-SNA)/Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) section du Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques de l’Est Fada Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to determine the best food absorbents between wheat, rice and maize bran and palm kernel cake, from a technical and economic point of view, in order to make a better recommandation for their use in the production process of food based on mango by-products (peels, peels + pulp). To this end, series of 18 kg of fresh feed were prepared and spread out in a stall for sun-drying using a randomized Fisher system. Preparations were made using either mango peels (75%) + absorbent (25%) or pulp + mango peels (67%) + sorbent (33%). The results show that mango Peel feed loses more water (WL) with lover production yields (PY), higher mango incorporation rates into dry feed (MRI), longer drying times (UDT) and lower production costs (CPkgPD) than mango peel + pulp. The average DM, MAT, ADF and NDF fiber contents were almost equal to those of mango peels + pulp feed. The average Crude Fiber (CF) (25.13%) and DEp (2839 kcal/kgDM) contents were higher for mango skin feed than for mango skin + pulp feed, at 8.59% and 2536 for MAT and DEp respectively. Mango peels + wheat bran (PSB25) and whole mango (MESB33) feeds recorded the highest and almost equal levels of TCP, NDF and MM. Production costs per kg of feed dry mater (CPkgDM) for feed produced at 25% were on average 33% higher than for whole mango (WM) feed. Excluding mango raw material, palm kernel meal (PK), rice bran (RB), maize bran (MB) and wheat bran (WB) can be ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th in terms of cumulative performance of production parameters. Producers can then choose the type of sorbent they wish to use according to this ranking and the local availability of the sorbent. These feeds can be used for both ruminants and monogastrics, but are better suited to ruminant feeding due to their high fiber content.

关键词： Mango Provends Food Absorbent Drying Efficiency Nutritional Values An-imal Feed Ivory Coast

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Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell p-n Junction Capacitance Behavior Modelling under an Integrated External Electrical Field Source in Solar Cell System

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Energy and Power Engineering 2020年第5期12卷 143-153页

作者： Adama ouedraogo Boukaré ouedraogo Boureima Kaboré dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies Department of Physics Unit of Training and Research in Pure and Applied Sciences Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Kaya Burkina Faso Université Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso

The state of the p-n junction is very important to explain the performances of a solar cell. Some works give the influence of the electric field on the junction capacitance. However, these works do not relate the quality of the p-n junction under the electic field. The present manuscript is about a theoretical modelling of the p-n junction capacitance behavior of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell under an integration of the external electrical field source. An external electrical source is integrated in a solar cell system. The electronic carriers charge generated in the solar cell crossed mainly the junction with the great strength external electrical field. In open circuit, this crossing of the electronic charge carriers causes the thermal heating of the p-n junction by Joule effect. The p-n junction capacitance plotted versus the junction dynamic velocity and the photo-voltage for different external electrical fields. The electric field causes the decrease of the photo-voltage mainly the open-circuit photo-voltage. The decrease of the photo-voltage translates the narrowing of the Space Charge Region (SCR). The average value of the external electric field used in this study is not sufficient to cause the breakdown of the p-n junction of the solar cell system under integration of the external electrical field production source. The increase of the electrical field causes rather the narrowing of the SCR. That can provide an improvement of the solar cell’s electrical outputs.

关键词： Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell Space Charge Region Photo-Current Photo-Voltage Conversion Efficiency pn-Junction Capacitance External Electrical Field

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