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Fertility,genome stability,and homozygosity in a diverse set of resynthesized rapeseed lines

The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 468-477页

作者： Elizabeth Ihien Katche Antje Schierholt Heiko C.becker Jacqueline Batley Annaliese S.Mason Plant Breeding Department The University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University35392 GiessenGermany Department of Crop Sciences Division of Plant Breeding MethodologyGeorg-August University Göttingen37073 GöttingenGermany School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Rapeseed(Brassica napus,AACC)was formed by hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa(AA)and Brassica oleracea(CC).As a result of a limited number of hybridization events between specific progenitor genotypes and strong breeding selection for oil quality traits,rapeseed has limited genetic *** production of resynthesized *** lines via interspecific hybridization of the diploid progenitor species *** and *** is one possible way to increase genetic variation in ***,most resynthesized lines produced so far have been reported to be meiotically unstable and infertile,in contrast to established *** *** hinders both maintenance and use of this germplasm in breeding *** characterized a large set of 140 resynthesized lines produced by crosses between *** and ***,as well as between *** and wild C genome species(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)for purity(homozygosity),fertility,and genome ***-pollinated seed set,seeds per ten pods as well as percentage pollen viability were used to estimate *** genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 116 genotypes,with at least three individuals per *** of the material which had been advanced through multiple generations was no longer pure,with heterozygosity detected corresponding to unknown parental contributions via *** and genome stability were both *** lines had high numbers of copy number variants(CNVs),indicative of meiotic instability,and high numbers of CNVs were significantly associated with reduced *** putatively stable resynthesized *** lines were *** investigation of these lines may reveal the mechanisms underlying this *** results suggest that selection of stable resynthesized lines for breeding purposes is possible.

关键词： Fertility Genome stability Copy number variants SNP genotyping Resynthesized lines

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A comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic appendectomy among ACS-NSQIP hospitals

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2023年第2期6卷 39-42页

作者： Timothy becker Genaro DeLeon Varun Rao Kevin Y.Pei Indiana University School of Medicine 340 W 10th StIndianapolisIN 46202USA Parkview Health General Surgery Graduate Medical Education 2200 Randallia DrFort WayneIN 46805USA

Objective:Robotic general surgery remains controversial,with some employing the technology for common laparoscopic procedures such as *** few studies have compared robotic appendectomy(RA)to existing techniques,partly due to the relative scarcity of *** purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for RA versus laparoscopic appendectomy(LA).Methods:This retrospective cohort study evaluated procedural specific databases of the American Col-lege of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS-NSQIP)for appendectomy be-tween January 2016 and December 2019 and included all available cases at the time of analysis(June 2021).Demographic and surgical outcomes including composite 30-day complications,specific com-plications,and length of operation were analyzed using a univariate ***:In total,there were 52,559 appendectomies in the NSQIP database between 2016 and *** was restricted to those who underwent minimally invasive *** total,49,850 patients were included in the *** those,49,800 patients underwent LA,and 50 patients underwent *** who underwent RA were older(35.8±4.5 y vs.23.0±0.2 y,p0.90)between RA and LA *** had a longer median operation time(71.0 min vs.46.0 min,p<0.01)but a shorter postoperative stay(0.7 d vs.1.3 d,p<0.01).There was no difference in the frequency of readmission likely related to procedure(4.0%vs.3.0%,p=0.88)or complications(18.0%vs.23.8%,p=0.88);however,RA was associated with increased 30-day mortality(2.0%vs.<0.1%,p<0.01)compared to ***:Our results demonstrated that LA and RA had a similar frequency and profile of *** procedures took longer but resulted in shorter postoperative *** study revealed that RA constituted a mere 0.1%of all cases,with only 50% showing pathology consistent with appendiciti

关键词： Robotics Appendectomy General surgery NSQIP Postoperative complication

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Design and thermodynamic analysis of a pathway enabling anaerobic production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in Escherichia coli

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2023年第4期8卷 629-639页

作者： Karel Olavarria Marco V.becker Diana Z.Sousa Mark C.M.van Loosdrecht S.Aljoscha Wahl Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University and ResearchStippenenweg 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands Centre for Living Technologies Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht AlliancePrincetonlaan 63584 CBUtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Biotechnology Applied Sciences FacultyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-Universit¨atPaul-Gordan-Strasse 391052ErlangenGermany

Utilizing anaerobic metabolisms for the production of biotechnologically relevant products presents potential advantages,such as increased yields and reduced energy ***,lower energy dissipation may indicate that certain reactions are operating closer to their thermodynamic *** stoichiometric analyses and genetic modifications are frequently employed in metabolic engineering,the use of thermodynamic tools to evaluate the feasibility of planned interventions is less *** this study,we propose a novel metabolic engineering strategy to achieve an efficient anaerobic production of poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate(PHB)in the model organism Escherichia *** approach involves re-routing of two-thirds of the glycolytic flux through non-oxidative glycolysis and coupling PHB synthesis with NADH *** complemented our stoichiometric analysis with various thermodynamic approaches to assess the feasibility and the bottlenecks in the proposed engineered *** to our calculations,the main thermodynamic bottleneck are the reactions catalyzed by the acetoacetyl-CoAβ-ketothiolase(EC 2.***.1.9)and the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase(EC 1.***.1.36).Furthermore,we calculated thermodynamically consistent sets of kinetic parameters to determine the enzyme amounts required for sustaining the conversion *** the case of the engineered conversion route,the protein pool necessary to sustain the desired fluxes could account for 20%of the whole cell dry weight.

关键词： Pathway feasibility analysis Protein cost Anaerobic metabolism Engineered pathways Metabolite concentrations

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Dendritic cell-mimicking scaffolds for ex vivo T cell expansion

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第3期21卷 241-252页

作者： Hye Sung Kim Tzu-Chieh Ho Moshe J.Willner Michael W.becker Hae-Won Kim Kam W.Leong Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Wilmot Cancer Institute University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Department of Systems Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA

We propose an ex vivo T cell expansion system that mimics natural antigen-presenting cells(APCs)for adoptive cell therapy(ACT).Microfiber scaffolds coated with dendritic cell(DC)membrane replicate physicochemical properties of dendritic cells specific for T cell activation such as rapid recognition by T cells,long duration of T cell tethering,and DC-specific co-stimulatory *** DC membrane-coated scaffold is first surface-immobilized with T cell stimulatory ligands,anti-CD3(αCD3)and anti-CD28(αCD28)antibodies,followed by adsorption of releasable interleukin-2(IL-2).The scaffolds present both surface and soluble cues to T cells ex vivo in the same way that these cues are presented by natural APCs in *** demonstrate that the DC-mimicking scaffold promotes greater polyclonal expansion of primary human T cells as compared toαCD3/αCD28-func-tionalized *** importantly,major histocompatibility complex molecules derived from the DC membrane of the scaffold allow antigen-specific T cell expansion with target cell-specific killing *** addition,most of the expanded T cells(~97%)can be harvested from the scaffold by density gradient ***,the DC-mimicking scaffold offers a scalable,modular,and customizable platform for rapid expansion of highly functional T cells for ACT.

关键词： Adoptive cell therapy Ex vivo T cell expansion Cytotoxic T cell Dendritic cell membrane Cell membrane coating Scaffold

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Model Experiments on Melting of Alloys with Low Melting Temperature in a Medium with High Melting Temperature

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 1999年第2期6卷 1-9页

作者： becker Jens-Ulrik Oeters Franz Thyssen-Krupp Stahl GmbH Technical University Berlin

Experiments of alloy melting were carried out in water/HCl H 2O eutectic model system. The eutectic has a solid liquid equilibrium temperature of -74 ℃. 5 cm diameter spheres of the eutectic in which three thermocouples in the core, on the edge and in the middle between them had been positioned were cooled to -196 ℃ in liquid nitrogen. After cooling the spheres were immersed into water of 10 ℃, and the changes of temperatures with time in the three thermocouples were measured. In some experiments the temperature on the outer side of the spheres where an ice shell grew up was also measured. In these experiments, the growing rate of the shell was additionally determined. The results for the first minute of the melting process, where the system can be considered as one dimensional, were described by an exact solution of Fouriers equation. The density of liquid ferromanganese at 1 500 ℃ was measured.

关键词： alloy melting model experiment

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Joint Loading Estimation Method for Horse Forelimb High Jerk Locomotion:Jumping

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第4期16卷 674-685页

作者： Joanne becker Mermoz Emmanuel Linares Jean-Marc Airbus Helicopters Aeroport de Marseille ProvenceMarignane 13700France Aix Marseille Univ CNRSISMInst Movement SciMarseille 13009France

Maximal local loads in animal joints are necessary to design bio-inspired mechanical *** studies presented methods to determine joint reaction forces in humans and ***,many of these methods are invasive,and no work has been published yet about the joint reaction forces in the horse forelimb during ***-invasive methods to measure the kinematics and ground reaction force of a horse forelimb were used in this work.A musculoskeletal model of horse forelimb was built with mechanical methods for the estimation of joint reaction *** entire forelimb was reconstructed by scanning real bones geometry with a 3D optical scanner and modeling all the muscles on a Computer Assisted Design(CAD)*** model dynamics were simulated with OpenSim in order to estimate the joint *** study allows knowing an order of magnitude of the loads at the joints at jumping in order to determine latter the maximal joint contact loading values that will be a key at designing bio-inspired joints for mechanical assemblies.

关键词： joint loading jumping kinematics modelling OpenSim

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Laboratory rearing of solitary bees and wasps

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 918-923页

作者： Mira C. becker Alexander Keller Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Ecological experiments often require standardized methods that exclude natural variation and allow manipulation of a single parameter. It has been shown that domesticated honey bee larvae are raisable in a controlled environment. Here we demonstrate that this approach is also transferable to wild solitary bees and wasps without inducing negative effects on their development. Wells may also be supplemented with the antibiotic substance oxytetracycline to control the presence of bacteria. The method thus provides a useful tool to investigate offspring recruitment and larval development in solitary bees and wasps, plus their responses to manipulation of factors as for example diets, toxins and microbiota.

关键词： diet manipulation ecotoxicology larval ontogeny Osmia bicornis oxytetracycline pathogens

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Why People Live in Flood-Prone Areas in Akuressa, Sri Lanka

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 143-156页

作者： Johan Askman Olof Nilsson Per becker Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety Lund University

To investigate why people live in areas at high risk of floods, a qualitative case study was carried out in the areas around Akuressa, in southwest Sri Lanka. Data collection consisted mainly of semistructured interviews with local residents and government officials. The purpose was to study why people live in areas at high risk of floods, by looking beyond the purely physical aspects of living with hazards and exploring the underlying social factors. Four main factors were identified: an overall good living situation; a sense of place; difficulties relocating; and being well-adapted to the situation. The analysis also examined whether government officials shared the views of local residents. The findings highlighted both areas of consensus and discrepancies related to risk awareness, and the efficiency of risk reduction measures that had been implemented by the government. The case study identified and explored underlying social factors, such as risk normalization, risk trade-offs, and push-and-pull processes, which seem to influence the decision to live in a high-risk area.

关键词： Flood risk Risk awareness Risk perception Sri Lanka

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Apoptosis and the target genes of microRNA-21

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第6期30卷 371-380页

作者： Lindsey E.becker Buscaglia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of MedicineUniversity of Louisville

MicroRNA-21(miR-21) is frequently up-regulated in cancer and the majority of its reported targets are tumor *** functional suppression,miR-21 is implicated in practically every walk of oncogenic life:the promotion of cell proliferation,invasion and metastasis,genome instability and mutation,inflammation,replicative immortalization,abnormal metabolism,angiogenesis,and evading apoptosis,immune destruction,and growth *** particular,miR-21 is strongly involved in *** this article,we reviewed the experimentally validated targets of miR-21 and found that two thirds are linked to intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathways of cellular *** suggests that miR-21 is an oncogene which plays a key role in resisting programmed cell death in cancer cells and that targeting apoptosis is a viable therapeutic option against cancers expressing miR-21.

关键词：细胞凋亡 microRNA 靶基因程序性细胞死亡肿瘤抑制基因致癌基因 miR 微RNA

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Integrating biomechanical and motor control principles in elite high jumpers： A transdisciplinary approach to enhancing sport performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 341-346页

作者： James becker Will EW. Wu Department of Kinesiology California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA

Background： In recent years, there has been a proliferation of technology and sport science utilized within an athlete＇s training, especially at the elite level. However, the sport science is a broad field, encompassing disciplines such as biomechanics, motor control and learning, exercise physiology, sports medicine, sport psychology to name a few. Rarely are these disciplines applied in an integrated manner. The purpose of this study was to document the effectiveness of an integrated biomechanics and motor control protocol for improving athlete＇s performance in the high jump. Methods： Four elite high jumpers performed baseline jumps under no^mal conditions and then jumps using a specific external focus of attention cue designed to improve their running posture. Three-dimensional biomeehanical analysis was used to quantify the upright posture throughout the approach as well as horizontal velocity at plant and vertical velocity at takeoff. Results： The results showed that when using the external focus of attention cue, the jumpers were significantly more upright during the approach, had significantly higher horizontal velocities at plant, and generated significantly greater vertical velocities during the takeoff. Conclusion： The results of this study lay the foundation for future work examining how integrating sport science disciplines can improve performance of elite level athletes.

关键词： Biomechanics High jump Motor control Sport performance

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