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SV2B defines a subpopulation of synaptic vesicles

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第9期15卷 1-13页

作者： Isabelle Paulussen Hannes Beckert Timothy FMusial Lena J.Gschossmann Julia Wolf Mathieu Schmitt Jérôme Clasadonte Georges Mairet-Coello Christian Wolff Susanne Schoch Dirk dietrich Synaptic Neuroscience Team Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Synaptic Neuroscience Team Department of NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonn 53127Germany Microscopy Core Facility Medical FacultyUniversity of BonnBonn 53127Germany UCB Pharma Braine l’Alleud 1420Belgium

Synaptic vesicles can undergo several modes of exocytosis,endocytosis,and trafficking within individual synapses,and their fates may be linked to different vesicular protein ***,we mapped the intrasynaptic distribution of the synaptic vesicle proteins SV2B and SV2A in glutamatergic synapses of the hippocampus using three-dimensional electron ***2B was almost completely absent from docked vesicles and a distinct cluster of vesicles found near the active *** contrast,SV2A was found in all domains of the synapse and was slightly enriched near the active ***2B and SV2A were found on the membrane in the peri-active zone,suggesting the recycling from both clusters of ***2B knockout mice displayed an increased seizure induction threshold only in a model employing high-frequency *** data show that glutamatergic synapses generate molecularly distinct populations of synaptic vesicles and are able to maintain them at steep spatial *** almost complete absence of SV2B from vesicles at the active zone of wildtype mice may explain why SV2A has been found more important for vesicle release.

关键词： 3D electron microscopy synaptic vesicles synaptic vesicle proteins endocytosis trafficking spatial organization

Simulation Modeling in Plant Breeding: Principles and Applications

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第8期6卷 908-921页

作者： WANG Jian-kang Wolfgang H pfeiffer Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic lmprovement/CIMMYT China Office Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China 2 HarvestPlus clo the International Center for Tropical Agriculture （CIAT） A. A. 6713 Cali Colombia

Conventional plant breeding largely depends on phenotypic selection and breeder＇s experience, therefore the breeding efficiency is low and the predictions are inaccurate. Along with the fast development in molecular biology and biotechnology, a large amount of biological data is available for genetic studies of important breeding traits in plants, which in turn allows the conduction of genotypic selection in the breeding process. However, gene information has not been effectively used in crop improvement because of the lack of appropriate tools. The simulation approach can utilize the vast and diverse genetic information, predict the cross performance, and compare different selection methods. Thus, the best performing crosses and effective breeding strategies can be identified. QuLine is a computer tool capable of defining a range, from simple to complex genetic models, and simulating breeding processes for developing final advanced lines. On the basis of the results from simulation experiments, breeders can optimize their breeding methodology and greatly improve the breeding efficiency. In this article, the underlying principles of simulation modeling in crop enhancement is initially introduced, following which several applications of QuLine are summarized, by comparing the different selection strategies, the precision parental selection, using known gene information, and the design approach in breeding. Breeding simulation allows the definition of complicated genetic models consisting of multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis, and genes, by environment interaction, and provides a useful tool for breeders, to efficiently use the wide spectrum of genetic data and information available.

关键词： breeding simulation genetic model breeding strategy design breeding

Thermokinetic and conductivity analyzes of the high CO2 chemisorption on Li5AlO4 and alkaline carbonate impregnated Li5AlO4 samples:Effects produced by the use of CO2 partial pressures and oxygen addition

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第5期26卷 919-926页

作者： Pedro Sánchez-Camacho J.Francisco Gómez-García Heriberto pfeiffer Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies(LaFReS) Instituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesUniversidad Nacional Autońoma de MexicoCircuito exterior s/nCd.UniversitariaDel.Coyoacan C.P.04510Ciudad de Me´xicoMexico

The effect of COpartial pressure was evaluated during the COchemisorption in penta lithium aluminate（LiAlO）, using different COand Opartial pressures in the presence or absence of alkaline carbonates. Results showed that using low PO（0.1） did not affect the kinetic and final COchemisorption process. Moreover, small additions of oxygen（PO= 0.05） into the mixture flue gas, seemed to increase the COchemisorption. Additionally, the presence of alkaline carbonates modified the COcapture temperature range. COchemisorption kinetic parameters were determined assuming a double exponential model where direct COchemisorption and COchemisorption controlled by diffusion processes are ***, ionic diffusion was analyzed by ionic conduction analysis, where all the gravimetric and ionic measurements were in good agreement showing different diffusion processes depending on ***, the oxygen and alkaline carbonate additions have positive effects during the COchemisorption process in LiAlO, and a possible reaction mechanism is presented.

关键词： CO2 capture Thermogravimetric analysis Partial pressure Ionic conduction

Lost in transition： Forest transition and natural forest loss in tropical China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第3期39卷 149-153页

作者： Deli Zhai Jianchu Xu Zhicong Dai dietrich Schmidt-Vogt Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies (CMES) Kunming Institute of Botuny (CAS) Lanhei Road 132 Kunming 650201 China World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Central and East Asia Office Lanhei Road132 Kunming 650201 China Instituteof-Environment and Ecology School of the Environment and Safety Engineering fiangsu University No. 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China Mountain Societies Research Institute University of Central Asia 138 Toktogul Street Bishkek 720001 Kyrgyzstan

The term forest transition refers to a change in forest cover over a given area from a period of net forest area loss to a period of net gain. Whether transitioning from deforestation to reforestation can lead to improved ecosystem services, depends on the quality and characteristics of the newly established forest cover. Using publicly available data, we examine forest transition in two regions of tropical China: Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. We found that the overall increase of forest cover in both areas during the1980 s was due to an increase in plantation forests rather than to increases in the area covered by natural forest. We also found a time lag between the increase in overall forest cover and an increase in natural forest. On Hainan Island, natural forest continued to decline beyond the point in time when overall forest cover had started to increase, and only began to recover ten years after the turning point in 1978. In Xishuangbanna, where the transition point occurred ten years later, the decline of natural forest cover is still going on. These divergent trends underlying forest transition are concealed by the continued practice to apply the term "forest" broadly, without distinguishing between natural forests and planted *** to the use of undiscriminating terminology, the loss of natural forest may go unnoticed, increasing the risk of plantation forests displacing natural forests in the course of forest transition. Our findings are important for programs related to forest management and ecosystem services improvement, including reforestation and Payments for Ecosystem Services programs.

关键词： Deforestation Forest transition Rubber plantation Time lag Tropical China

Study of Formation and Propagation of Streamers in SF_6 and Its Gas Mixtures with Low Content of SF_6 Using a One-Dimensional Fluid Model

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第3期14卷 187-191页

作者：李付亮汪沨王国利 W.pfeiffer 何荣涛 Hunan Technical College of Water Resources and Hydropower School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University National Engineering Laboratory for Ultra High Voltage Engineering Technology(Kunming Guangzhou) Technische Universitt Darmstadt 64283 DarmstadtGermany XuJi(Xiamen) Intelligent Switchgear Manufacturing Co. Ltd.

Using a hybrid Monte Carlo Collision/Fluid model, the formation and propagation of streamers in SF6 and its gas mixtures are simulated. The simulation is based on an accurate numerical solution of Poisson＇s equation in conjunction with the continuity fluid equation for electrons, negative ions, and positive ions. The factors that influence the formation and propagation of streamers are investigated. The electron density, positive and negative ion density, and electric field in the discharge channel are also presented, which are very important in understanding the phenomena of streamers and in assessing the insulation strength of the gas mixture.

关键词： streamer fluid SF6 insulation

Phylogenetic Origin of Phyllolobium with a Further Implication for Diversification of Astragalus in China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第9期51卷 889-899页

作者： Mingli Zhang Yun Kang Lihua Zhou dietrich Podlech Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation in Add Region Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography the Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China pharmacy School Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China Department of Botany California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA 94118-4503 USA Faculty of Biology Munich University Munich D-80336 Germany

Astragalus is a species-rich genus occurring in the western arid habitats in China and its diversification and infrageneric relationships in this region remain unclear. In the present study, based on molecular data, we aim to （i） test whether Phyllolobium （previously treated as a subgenus Pogonophace in Astragalus） should be warranted; and （ii） date the origin of Phyllolobium and probable diversification of Astragalus sensu stricto （s.s.）. We sequenced five species from Phyllolobium first and collected all related sequences from the genus, Astragalus s.s and their close relatives （Oxytropis and Caragana etc.）. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that all species of Phyllolobium comprise a monophyletic sister-group to genera of the subtribe Coluteinae. Molecular dating suggested that Phyllolobium and Astragalus s.s. originated around 8 and 10 million years ago. These two estimates are highly consistent with the intense uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau inferred from geological evidence. In addition, one section of Pogonophace （Sect. Robusti） was estimated to originate 2.5 million years ago and this section with a tendency for dry habitats seems to be evidence of Asian intensified aridity resulting from the intense uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Astragalus dating distribution pattern diversification Phyllolobium phylogeny Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau Sino-Himalayan flora.

Ultrasound-based artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5530-5546页

作者： Ji-Qiao Liu Jia-Yu Ren Xiao-Lan Xu Li-Yan Xiong Yue-Xiang Peng Xiao-Fang Pan Christoph F dietrich Xin-Wu Cui Department of Medical Ultrasound Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound Wuhan Third HospitalTongren Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Health Medical Department Dalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian 116000Liaoning ProvinceChina Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin Kliniken Hirslanden Beau SiteSalem und PermanenceBern 3003Switzerland

Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, is gaining extensive attentionfor its excellent performance in medical image analysis. It can automatically makea quantitative assessment of complex medical images and help doctors to makemore accurate diagnoses. In recent years, AI based on ultrasound has been shownto be very helpful in diffuse liver diseases and focal liver lesions, such asanalyzing the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver and the stage of liver fibrosis,identifying benign and malignant liver lesions, predicting the microvascularinvasion of hepatocellular carcinoma, curative transarterial chemoembolizationeffect, and prognoses after thermal ablation. Moreover, AI based on endoscopicultrasonography has been applied in some gastrointestinal diseases, such asdistinguishing gastric mesenchymal tumors, detection of pancreatic cancer andintraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and predicting the preoperative tumordeposits in rectal cancer. This review focused on the basic technical knowledgeabout AI and the clinical application of AI in ultrasound of liver and gastroenterologydiseases. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of AI.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Ultrasound Liver Gastroenterology Deep learning

Artificial intelligence in liver ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第27期28卷 3398-3409页

作者： Liu-Liu Cao Mei Peng Xiang Xie Gong-Quan Chen Shu-Yan Huang Jia-Yu Wang Fan Jiang Xin-Wu Cui Christoph F dietrich Department of Medical Ultrasound The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Medical Ultrasound Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshi 445000Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Medical Ultrasound The First People's Hospital of HuaihuaHuaihua 418000Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Medical Ultrasound Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin Kliniken Hirslanden Beau SiteSalem und PermanenceBern 3626Switzerland

Artificial intelligence(AI)is playing an increasingly important role in medicine,especially in the field of medical *** can be used to diagnose diseases and predict certain statuses and possible events that may ***,more and more studies have confirmed the value of AI based on ultrasound in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases and focal liver *** can assess the severity of liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver,differentially diagnose benign and malignant liver lesions,distinguish primary from secondary liver cancers,predict the curative effect of liver cancer treatment and recurrence after treatment,and predict microvascular invasion in hepatocellular *** findings from these studies have great clinical application potential in the near *** purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce the current status and future perspectives of AI in liver ultrasound.

关键词： Machine learning Deep learning Radiomics Diffuse liver diseases Focal liver diseases Ultrasound

Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-when,who and how?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5803-5821页

作者： Christoph G dietrich Monika Rau Andreas Geier Department of Internal Medicine Bethlehem Health CenterStolberg 52222Germany Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a frequent liver disease,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome and especially in Western *** of NAFLD comprise progressive fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** also represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,extrahepatic neoplasia and other organ damage,such as renal *** the epidemiological importance of the disease,new developments in specific treatment of the disease and the wide availability of noninvasive techniques in estimating steatosis and fibrosis,NAFLD should be subject to screening programs,at least in countries with a high prevalence of the *** review discusses prerequisites for screening,cost-effectiveness,current guideline recommendations,suitability of techniques for screening and propositions for the following questions:Who should be screened?Who should perform screening?How should screening be performed?It is time for a screening program in patients at risk for NAFLD.

关键词： Screening Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis