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Intragastric injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of obesity. Where are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1805-1809页

作者： diego Garcia-Compean Hector Maldonado Garza Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital. Ave Madero y Gonzalitos Col Mitras Centro Monterrey 64700 Mexico

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions particularly in western countries. Most non-surgical treatments of this condition are disappointing. Since 2005, several studies evaluating the effect of Botulinum Toxin type A (BT-A) in gastric antrum by means of endoscopy for the treatment of obesity have been published. This treatment modality was based on the observation that gastric injection of BT-A in laparatomized rats induced a significant reduction of food intake and body weight. Nowadays, 6 studies have been published yielding conflicting results. Differences in selection of patients, doses of BT-A, method of administration of the toxin and instruments of evaluation of some parameters among these studies may be the cause of divergent results. We discuss herein some important features of these studies pointing out on differences among them. At the same time, based on the knowledge of physiological characteristics of normal and abnormal gastric function related with feeding, we discuss the probable causes of failure observed in these trials. Finally, we give some guidelines concerning the way that future research in this field may follow, not without calling attention to disadvantages of this treatment.

关键词： Botulinum toxin Obesity Gastric emptying Gastric motility Gastroparesis

Tandem pore TWIK-related potassium channels and neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第8期14卷 1293-1308页

作者： J.Antonio Lamas diego Fernández-Fernández Laboratory of Neuroscience Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) University of Vigo

TWIK-related potassium channels (TREK) belong to a subfamily of the two-pore domain potassium channels family with three members, TREK1, TREK2 and TWIK-related arachidonic acid-activated potassium channels. The two-pore domain potassium channels is the last big family of channels being discovered, therefore it is not surprising that most of the information we know about TREK channels predominantly comes from the study of heterologously expressed channels. Notw让hstanding, in this review we pay special attention to the limited amount of information available on native TREK-like channels and real neurons in relation to neuroprotection. Mainly we focus on the role of free fatty acids, lysophospholipids and other neuroprotective agents like riluzole in the modulation of TREK channels, emphasizing on how important this modulation may be for the development of new therapies against neuropathic pain, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, ischemia and cardiac complications.

关键词： TREK channels TREK-1 TREK-2 TRAAK neuroprotection free fatty acids lysophospholipids riluzole

Lower marine productivity increases agonistic interactions between sea lions and fur seals in Northern Pacific Patagonia

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 657-666页

作者： Felipe MONTALVA Hector PAVES diego PEREZ-VENEGAS Karin G BARRIENTOS E Carola VALENCIA diego MIRANDA-URBINA Mauricio SEGUEL Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Pontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Santo TomasOsornoChile Centro de Investigacion y Gestion de Recursos Naturales(CIGREN) Instituto de BiologıaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ValparaısoValparaısoChile Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias Escuela de Graduados de laFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y AlimentariasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Sede PatagoniaUniversidad San SebastianPuerto MonttChile Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad de TalcaTalcaChile Department of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada

Interspecific interactions are key drivers of individual and population-level fitness in a wide range of ***,in marine ecosystems,it is relatively unknown which biotic and abiotic factors impact behavioral interactions between competing *** assessed the impact of weather,marine productivity,and population structure on the behavioral agonistic interactions between South American fur seals(SAFSs),Arctocephalus australis,and South American sea lions(SASLs),Otaria byronia,in a breeding colony of *** hypothesized that agonistic interactions between SAFSs and SASLs respond to biotic and abiotic factors such as SAFS population structure,marine productivity,and *** found that SASL and SAFS interactions almost always resulted in negative impacts on the social structure or reproductive success of the SAFS *** adult males initiated stampedes of SAFS and/or abducted and predated SAFS *** SAFS males abundance and severe weather events were negatively correlated with agonistic interactions between ***,proxies for lower marine productivity such as higher sea surface temperature and lower catches of demerso-pelagic fish were the most important predictors of more frequent agonistic interactions between SAFS and *** the current scenario of decline in marine biomass due to global climate change and overfishing,agonistic interactions between competing marine predators could increase and exacerbate the negative impacts of environmental change in these species.

关键词： interspecific interactions climate change Guafo Island sea surface temperature South American fur seal South American sea lion

A novel simple procedure to consider seismic soil structure interaction effects in 2D models

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第3期13卷 535-543页

作者： Juan diego Jaramillo Juan David Gómez Doriam Restrepo Santiago Rivera Universidad EAFIT Medellín Colombia INTEGRAL S.A Medellín Colombia

A method is proposed to estimate the seismic soil-structure-interaction （SSI） effects for use in engineering practice. It is applicable to 2D structures subjected to vertically incident shear waves supported by homogenous half-spaces. The method is attractive since it keeps the simplicity of the spectral approach, overcomes some of the difficulties and inaccuracies of existing classical techniques and yet it considers a physically consistent excitation. This level of simplicity is achieved through a response spectra modification factor that can be applied to the free-field 5%-damped response spectra to yield design spectral ordinates that take into account the scattered motions introduced by the interaction effects. The modification factor is representative of the Transfer Function （TF） between the structural relative displacements and the free- field motion, which is described in terms of its maximum amplitude and associated frequency. Expressions to compute the modification factor by practicing engineers are proposed based upon a parametric study using 576 cases representative of actual structures. The method is tested in 10 cases spanning a wide range of common fundamental vibration periods.

关键词： seismic soil structure interaction simplified procedures modified response spectra

Are the mechanisms involved in astrocyte and lymphocyte death during HIV infection similar?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1707-1708页

作者： diego S. Ojeda Andreas Till Jorge Quarleri Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS) Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICETArgentina Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology Life & Brain CenterUniversity of BonnBonnGermany

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is associated with the death of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The entry of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the central nervous system leads to a broad spectrum of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) ranging from mild to severe dementia. Inside the central nervous system, HIV establishes infection in astrocytes - the predominant cell type in the brain, thus causing neuropathology, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

关键词： Acquired immune broad spectrum remain unknown

Autoimmmune hepatitis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 158-176页

作者： Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli Giorgina Mieli-Vergani diego Vergani Epatocentro Ticino&Facoltàdi Scienze Biomediche Universitàdella Svizzera ItalianaLuganoSwitzerland Institute for Research in Biomedicine BellinzonaSwitzerland. King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences&Medicine at King’s College Hospital LondonUK. Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition CentreMowatLabsKing’s College HospitalLondonUK. Institute of Liver Studies MowatLabsKing’s College HospitalLondonUK.

Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a T-cell mediated,inflammatory liver disease affecting all ages and characterized by female preponderance,elevated serum transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels,positive circulating autoantibodies,and presence of interface hepatitis at liver *** type 1,affecting both adults and children,is defined by positive anti-nuclear and/or antismooth muscle antibodies,while type 2 AIH,affecting mostly children,is defined by positive anti-liver-kidney microsomal type 1 and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 *** the autoantigens of type 2 AIH are well defined,being the cytochrome P4502D6(CYP2D6)and the formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase(FTCD),in type 1 AIH they remain to be ***-1 predisposition is conferred by possession of the MHC class II HLA DRB1*03 at all ages,while DRB1*04 predisposes to late onset disease;AIH-2 is associated with possession of DRB1*07 and DRB1**** majority of patients responds well to standard immunosuppressive treatment,based on steroid and azathioprine;second-and third-line drugs should be considered in case of intolerance or insufficient *** review offers a comprehensive overview of pathophysiological and clinical aspects of AIH.

关键词： Autoimmune Hepatitis Immunopathophysiology Treatment Genetic Predisposition

Erratum to:Recent Advances of Chimp Optimization Algorithm:Variants and Applications

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1618-1618页

作者： Mohammad Sh.Daoud Mohammad Shehab Laith Abualigah Mohammad Alshinwan Mohamed Abd Elaziz Mohd Khaled Yousef Shambour diego Oliva Mohammad A.Alia Raed Abu Zitar College of Engineering Al Ain University112612 Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates College of Computer Sciences and Informatics Amman Arab UniversityAmman 11953Jordan Computer Science Department Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah Faculty for Information TechnologyAl Al-Bayt UniversityMafraq 25113Jordan Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman 19328Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman 11831Jordan Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman 11931Jordan School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 Pulau PinangMalaysia Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private UniversityAmman 11931Jordan Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazig 7120001Egypt The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24382Saudi Arabia Depto.de Innovacio′n Basada en la Informacio′n y el Conocimiento Universidad de GuadalajaraCUCEI45129 GuadalajaraMexico Cyber Security Department Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyAl Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman 11733Jordan Sorbonne Center of Artificial Intelligence Sorbonne University-Abu Dhabi38044 Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Malaysia27500 Petaling JayaMalaysia

Erratum to:J Bionic Eng https://***/10.1007/*** this article the statement in the Funding information section was incorrectly given as‘22UQU4361183DSR03’and should have read‘23UQU4361183DSR03’.

关键词： statement section correctly

Particle flow code simulation of intact and fissured granitic rock samples

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第5期12卷 960-974页

作者： Uxía Castro-Filgueira Leandro R.Alejano diego Mas Ivars Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering University of VigoVigoSpain Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company(SKB) StockholmSweden Division of Soil and Rock Mechanics Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)StockholmSweden

This study presents a calibration process of three-dimensional particle flow code(PFC3D)simulation of intact and fissured granite ***,laboratory stressestrain response from triaxial testing of intact and fissured granite samples is ***,PFC3D is introduced,with focus on the bonded particle models(BPM).After that,we present previous studies where intact rock is simulated by means of flatjoint approaches,and how improved accuracy was gained with the help of parametric ***,models of the pre-fissured rock specimens were generated,including modeled fissures in the form of“smooth joint”type ***,triaxial testing simulations of 1 t 2 and 2 t 3 jointed rock specimens were *** show that both elastic behavior and the peak strength levels are closely matched,without any additional fine tuning of micro-mechanical *** the postfailure behavior,models reproduce the trends of decreasing dilation with increasing confinement and ***,the dilation values simulated are larger than those observed in *** is attributed to the difficulty in modeling some phenomena of fissured rock behaviors,such as rock piece corner crushing with dust production and interactions between newly formed shear bands or axial splitting cracks with pre-existing joints.

关键词： Numerical methods Artificially fissured samples Rock mass behavior Particle flow code Parallel bond Flat-joint Smooth-joint

When Disaster Risk Management Systems Fail: The Case of Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 689-699页

作者： Edson Munsaka Chipo Mudavanhu Lucy Sakala Pepukai Manjeru diego Matsvange Institute of Development Studies National University of Science and TechnologyBulawayoZimbabwe Faculty of Humanities University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Bindura University of Science Education BinduraZimbabwe Midlands State University GweruZimbabwe DanChurch Aid(DCA) BulawayoZimbabwe

On 14 March 2019,Zimbabwe was hit by Cyclone Idai,leaving immeasurable destruction of unprecedented magnitude in its *** Chimanimani District,many lives were lost,many people were reported missing,and others were *** question that immediately comes to mind is:Was the country prepared to manage the Cyclone Idai disaster?Reflecting on the community experiences,the purpose of this research was to interrogate the strength of the disaster risk reduction legislation and institutions in Zimbabwe in the face of meteorological *** research also evaluated the extent of the impact Cyclone Idai had on the Chimanimani communities and the factors that increased the vulnerability to the cyclone.A mixed method approach that involved 1180 participants was *** study found that disaster risk management legislation and institutions in Zimbabwe are *** Idai resulted in the loss of many human lives,loss of livelihoods,and massive damage to *** cyclone exposed capacity and policy gaps in Zimbabwe’s disaster risk management *** study makes a number of recommendations,including strengthening disaster legislation and policy,and disaster risk *** the communities’response to the disaster occurrence,the study also recommends strengthening social capital.

关键词： Cyclone disasters Disaster management policies Early warning systems Zimbabwe