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Assessing Biomedical Solid and Liquid Waste Management in University Hospital Centers (CHU) in Togo, 2021

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第4期12卷 401-420页

作者： Takpaya Gnaro Awedeou Ali Atèhèzi Adom Etsri Sename Abiassi Cyriaque Degbey Yenduban Douti Dédé Koeviakoe Messan Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh didier koumavi ekouevi Training and Research Center in Public Health University of Lomé Lomé Togo Head Office of Hygiene and Basic Sanitation of Togo Lomé Togo Regional Institute of Public Health Comlan Alfred Quenum (IRSP-CAQ) University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction. Biomedical waste represents an environmental concern and a risk to healthcare workers, users of healthcare services, and the surrounding population. This study aimed to assess the management of solid and liquid biomedical waste in University Hospitals Centers (UHC) in Togo in 2021. Methods. This is a cross-sectional, evaluative and analytical study undertaken in 2021. It involved 3 UHCs, 25 departments, 340 care providers and departments randomly selected, 72 directors or deputies, supervisors and heads of departments, 27 collection and incineration agents selected by a reasoned choice technique, and 44 patients and attendants selected by an accidental choice technique. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi2 statistical test for comparing proportions and logistic regression. Results. Solid and liquid waste management was “poor” due to non-use of waste management guidelines (ORa = 3.50;p = 0.0000), insufficient training of healthcare providers and collection agents (ORa = 6.55;p = 0.0000 and ORa = 6.08;p = 0.0000 respectively), insufficient user awareness sessions (ORa = 4.04;p = 0.0001), insufficient coordination of activities (ORa = 5.07;p = 0.0002), insufficient supervision of service providers and collection agents (ORa = 2.34;p = 0.0000), insufficient monitoring and follow-up of activities (ORa = 20.40;p = 0.0000). The sorting was not systematic (74.1%), and the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the effluents were relatively high. Conclusion. Managing solid and liquid biomedical waste is insufficient in Togo’s university hospitals and represents a potential risk to human health and the environment.

关键词： Management Biomedical Waste Healthcare Providers and Services University Hospitals Togo

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Biochemical Profile of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Infectious Disease Management Centre in Lomé in 2020

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 271-294页

作者： Lochina Feteke Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko Mamadou Alpha Prateaux Aweréou Kotosso Fagdéba David Bara Komi Séraphin Adjoh Mounerou Salou koumavi didier ekouevi Mohaman Djibril Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine Lomé Togo Département de Biochimie Médicale Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Institut National D’Hygiène Lomé Togo Centre Médico-Chirurgical Interarmé Conakry Guinée Département de Pneumologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Lomé Togo Unité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM) Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contr&ocircle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (LAMICODA) Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Services de Laboratoire Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus Lomé Togo Département de Santé Publique Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Background: COVID-19, an infectious viral disease, has caused a global health crisis. Most cases remain asymptomatic. The majority of patients have mild symptoms while about 15% develop a severe form. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection appears broad, encompassing asymptomatic infection, upper respiratory tract symptoms, and severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure that can lead to death. Laboratory tests play an important role in the management of COVID-19 patients. In addition to being essential for the diagnosis, several biological analyses make it possible to identify the inflammatory processes and the potential complications of this disease. This study attempted to identify biochemical assays that could help in the prognosis of the disease to ensure early management. Methods: This was a descriptive study. It focused on patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 19, 2020, to January 26, 2021, at the Infectious Disease Management Centre in Lomé (Togo). Medians were compared using the (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon) test and frequencies were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: We included 782 patients. The median age was 41 years IQR from 32 to 55. We observed several biochemical abnormalities in varying proportions for all biochemical parameters studied. Compared to non-serious patients, critically ill patients at admission had more frequently elevated urea, creatinine, transaminases, TG, GGT, CRP and blood glucose. Also, they had more frequent decreases in total cholesterol, HDL-c, blood chloride, and blood calcium. As for patients who died during hospitalization, compared with healed patients, they had more frequent elevations of urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT. CRP and blood glucose. They also had a more frequent decrease in total cholesterol, HDL-c, blood chloride, blood calcium, and blood glucose (p = 0.025). Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-19 is a multi-organ systemic inflammatory viral disease that sh

关键词： COVID-19 Biochemical Anomalies Togo 2022

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Hospital Stakeholders’ Perception on Environmental Effects Related to Biomedical Waste in Togo’s University Hospitals (UHC) in 2021

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第2期13卷 57-72页

作者： Takpaya Gnaro Awedeou Ali Kokou Ayamekpe Cyriaque Degbey Farouk Salami-Odjo Abdoul-Rahim Ouro-Koura Panaveyi Malou Adom Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh didier koumavi ekouevi Public Health Training and Research Center University of Lomé Lomé Togo Basic Sanitation and Hygiene Office of Togo Lomé Togo Regional Public Health Institute Comlan Alfred Quenum (IRSP-CAQ) University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Given its effects, hospital waste is an environmental concern and a threat to health personnel, users of health services and neighboring populations. Our objective was to assess the perception of health care stakeholders on the environmental effects related to biomedical waste produced in Teaching Hospitals (CHU) in Togo in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study held from June 24 to August 28, 2021. It targeted three university hospitals, 340 health care providers and services selected by a probabilistic method with a simple random technique in 25 services, 72 directors, deputy directors, supervisors and heads of services, 27 collection and incineration agents selected by a non-probabilistic method with a reasoned choice technique, 44 patients and attendants and 36 householders of neighboring residents selected by a non-probabilistic method with an accidental choice technique. Variables such as the spreading of disease vectors, soil, air and water contamination, the presence of unpleasant odors and unsightly living conditions were assessed. Results: According to the respondents, biomedical waste causes the proliferation of vectors (55.3%), an unsightly environment inside the hospital (47.1%), and unpleasant odors (61.2%). Incineration operations disturb hospital residents (52.8%), according to the householders of the residents. During observation, we note deposits of waste that have not been destroyed and wastewater flowing in some places. Conclusion: Biomedical waste in Togo’s university hospitals generates environmental effects and therefore potentially high risks for human health. Improving their management should be a concern for all hospital actors.

关键词： Environmental Effects Biomedical Waste Teaching Hospitals Environment Togo

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Screening for Precancerous Cervical Lesions in Women of Reproductive Age in the Kara Region of Togo in 2022

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 293-305页

作者： Gatibe Yendu-Suglpak Gnatou Zézé Onivogui Latame Komla Adoli Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi Arnold Junior Sadio Yao Rodion Konu Martin Kouame Tchankoni Wendpouiré Ida Carine Zida-Compaore Amegnona Agbonon didier koumavi ekouevi Department of Public Health University of Lomé Faculty of Health Sciences Lomé Togo African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP) Lomé Togo Institute of Public Health and Development University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France French School of Public Health (EHESP) University of Rennes Rennes France Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Lomé Lomé Togo Center for Training and Research in Public Health University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women and is a public health problem. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and to describe its associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Kara region of Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 6 to 14, 2022 in 11 health centers in Kara. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and screening for precancerous cervical lesions was performed by visual inspection of the cervix, after application of 5% acetic acid and Lugol’s. Logistic regression analysis was performed to describe factors associated with precancerous lesions. Results: A total of 728 women with a median age of 36, interquartile range [31 - 41] were enrolled. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions was 3.9%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI: [2.6 - 5.4]. Factors associated with the presence of precancerous lesions were age at first sexual intercourse ≥ 18 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 3.67;95% CI [1.17 - 18.4]) and being a sex worker (aOR = 8.14;95% CI [1.96 - 27.1]). HIV infection was not associated with the presence of precancerous lesions. Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the importance of intensifying cervical cancer screening efforts in resource-limited countries for better management. These efforts should prioritize vulnerable populations such as female sex workers.

关键词： Precancerous Lesions Cervix Visual Inspection Togo

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Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis B among Women of Childbearing Age in the Kara Region of Togo in 2022

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第12期13卷 319-328页

作者： Gatibe Yendu-Suglpak Gnatou Fatoumata Binta Tidiane Diallo Fifonsi Adjidossi Gbeasor-Komlanvi Sibabe Agoro Arnold Junior Sadio Latame Komla Adoli Wendpouire Ida Carine Zida-Compaore Yao Rodion Konu Martin Kouame Tchankoni Amegnona Agbonon didier koumavi ekouevi Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo African Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP) Lomé Togo Togo Office World Health Organization (WHO) Lomé Togo Center for Training and Research in Public Health University of Lomé Lomé Togo Ministry of Health Public Hygiene and Universal Access to Health Care Lomé Togo Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Lomé Lomé Togo Institute of Public Health and Development University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France

Introduction: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Few up-to-date data on this disease are available in developing countries, including Togo. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B among women of childbearing age in the Kara region of Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 23 to 25 September 2022 during a fairground campaign. Data were collected using a standardised questionnaire. HBV screening was performed using “SD-BIOLINE HBsAg WB” rapid immunochromatographic tests. HBV prevalence was reported with its 95% confidence interval (CI). Regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HBV infection. Results: A total of 327 women were enrolled, with a median age of 34 years and an interquartile range of [25 - 43]. Nearly half (49.5%) of the women had had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 18 and 2.1% had at least 2 sexual partners at the time of the survey. The majority (91.7%) had not used a condom the last time they had sex. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 10.4% (95% CI: 7.5 - 14.2]). In multivariable analysis, having had sexual intercourse for the first time after the age of 18 (ORa = 0.17;95% CI [0.06 - 0.43];p Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of monitoring the prevalence of hepatitis B in women of childbearing age, and of implementing targeted prevention and screening measures to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus Women of Childbearing Age Togo

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Low Birth Weight and Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lomé (Togo) in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 31-44页

作者： Roméo Mèdéssè Togan Ounoo Elom Takassi Fifonsi Gbeasor-Komlanvi Arnold Junior Sadio Rodion Yao Konu Martin Kouame Tchankoni Iwone Oumarou Adama Latame Komla Adoli Dzayissé Yawo Atakouma didier koumavi Ekouévi Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo African Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP) Lomé Togo Training and Research Center in Public Health University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Global Health in the Global South (GHIGS) Team Insem UMR 1219 IRD EMR 271 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France

Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years following these recommendations, we conducted this study to estimate the coverage for three doses of IPT-SP (IPT3) as well as the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and its associated factors in Lomé (Togo) in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2021. An exhaustive recruitment of women and their newborns was carried out in the maternity wards of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center. Data from antenatal consultations and clinical data of the newborns were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with LBW. Results: A total of 252 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Median age of the mothers was 27 years, IQR [24-31]. More than a third (35.3%) of the mothers were primigravida. IPT3 coverage was 66.7% and 14.7% of newborns had a LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 33.3% [23.3-43.4] in women who had received fewer than 3 doses of IPT-SP and 5.4% [2.0-8.8] in those who had received at least 3 doses of IPT-SP (p Conclusion: Ten years following recommendations of the WHO on IPT-SP, malaria prevention based on IPT-SP is not optimal among pregnant women in Lomé, and the proportion of LBW children remains high. Actions to strengthen the three-dose IPT-SP policy are needed to prevent malaria and its consequences among newborns in Togo.

关键词： Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment Low Birth Weight Togo

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COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Severe Outcomes among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in West Africa, Togo, 2021

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 87-104页

作者： Awèréou Kotosso Yao Rodion Konu Lidaw Déassoua Bawe Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Yawovi Mawufemo Tsevi Koffi Atsu Aziagbe Akouda Akessiwe Patassi Bawoubadi Abaltou Gnimdou Tchamdja Lampouguini Nebona Komi Séraphin Adjoh didier ekouevi Majesté Ihou Wateba Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune Lomé Togo Service des Maladies Infectieuses Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo Unité de Recherche Mixte 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Centre University of Bordeaux National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Bordeaux France Département de Santé Publique Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Kara Kara Togo Service d’Anesthésie et Réanimation Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Kara Kara Togo Service de Néphrologie et d’Hémodialyse Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo Service de Pneumo-Phtisiologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus-Olympio Lomé Togo

Objectives: More than a year after its introduction, COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in the Togolese population and little data were available on its benefits for hospitalized patients. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the prognosis of hospitalized patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to the Centre Hospitalier Régional Lomé Commune (Togo) between June 1, 2021 and May 31, 2022. Primary outcomes (admission to the intensive care unit and death) were presented with frequency and proportion. Mortality rates were presented by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and compared by appropriate statistical tests. Factors associated with inpatient death were described by performing a Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: A total of 604 patients were hospitalized (50.0% women). The mean age was 54.03 ±17.1 years. Only 55 patients were fully vaccinated (9.1%). ICU admission was significantly more frequent in unvaccinated patients than in vaccinated ones (63.0% vs. 38.2%;p Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination had a significant benefit for patients with COVID-19 infection in terms of reducing the risk of death. Based on real-world data from sub-Saharan Africa, this information can help optimize the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination by raising community awareness and increasing vaccine coverage while reducing hesitancy.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Prognosis Mortality Sub-Saharan Africa

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Structural correlation and chemistry of molten NaF-ScF_(3) with dissolved metal aluminium:TG/DTA,XRD,NMR and molecular dynamics simulations

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3356-3369页

作者： Aydar Rakhmatullin Frantisek Simko didier Zanghi Zuzana Netriová Ilya BPolovov Ayrat Dimiev Konstantin V.Maksimtsev Catherine Bessada Michal Korenko Conditions Extrêmes et Materiaux:Haute Température et Irradiation CEMHTIUPR 3079-CNRS Univ Orleans45071 OrleansFrance Department of Molten Systems Institute of Inorganic ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences84536 BratislavaSlovakia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Application-CEMEA Slovak Academy of Sciences84511Bratislava.Slovakia Department of Rare Metals and Nanomaterials Institute of Physics and TechnologyUral Federal UniversityUral Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University420008KazanRussia

For the first time,the mechanism of metal aluminum dissolution in NaF-ScF_(3) eutectic melts and the chemical interaction between the constituents of this mixture have been thoroughly studied by a combination of differential thermal analysis(DTA),high temperature and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD) coupled with the molecular dynamic *** formation of an insoluble Al_(3)Sc alloy in molten(NaF-ScF_(3))_(eut)system was proven,and the chemical mechanism of this aluminothermic Al_(3)Sc alloy production was *** ex situ examinations bring to light the formation of NaScF_4 and solid solution of Na_(3)(Al,Sc)F_(6) in cooled *** molecular dynamics calculations of the bath allow us to construct the structural model and to predict viscosity,density and electrical conductivity of the reagent melt to help to optimize the conditions of the alloy synthesis.

关键词： Scandium Alloy Molten salts NMR Molecular dynamics

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Design of bifunctional single-atom catalysts NiSA/ZIF-300 for CO_(2) conversion by ligand regulation strategy

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3827-3834页

作者： Wengang Fu Yapei Yun Hongting Sheng Xiaokang Liu Tao Ding Shuxian Hu Tao Yao Binghui Ge Yuanxin Du didier Astruc Manzhou Zhu Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringInstitutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China Universitéde Bordeaux ISMUMR CNRS N°5255351 Cours de La Libération33405 Talence CedexFrance National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Anhui Tongyuan Environment Energy Saving Co. LtdHefei 230041China

Carbon-supported noble-metal-free single-atom catalysts(SACs)have aroused widespread interest due to their green chemistry aspects and excellent ***,we propose a“ligand regulation strategy”and achieve the successful fabrication of bifunctional SAC/MOF(MOF=metal-organic framework)nanocomposite(abbreviated NiSA/ZIF-300;ZIF=ZIF-8)with exceptional catalytic performance and *** designed NiSA/ZIF-300 has a planar interfacial structure with the Ni atom,involving one S and three N atoms bonded to Ni(Ⅱ),fabricated by controllable pyrolysis of volatile Ni-S *** CO_(2) cycloaddition to styrene epoxide,NiSA/ZIF-300 exhibits ultrahigh activity(turnover number(TON)=1.18×105;turnover frequency(TOF)=9830 molSC·mol_(Ni)^(-1)·h^(-1);SC=styrene carbonate)and durability at 70℃ under 1 atm CO_(2) pressure,which is much superior to Ni complex/ZIF,NiNP/ZIF-300,and most reported *** study offers a simple method of bifunctional SAC/MOF nanocomposite fabrication and usage,and provides guidance for the precise design of additional original SACs with unique catalytic properties.

关键词： single atom catalyst bifunctional CO_(2)conversion cycloaddition

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Organizational Resilience:A Key Factor for Business Survival and Value Creation-A Secondary Publication

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2024年第2期7卷 245-253页

作者： Josédidier Váquiro Capera The University Foundation of the Andean Region PereiraColombia

The lodging and restaurant services sector in the city of Pereira presents complex situations generated by the turbulence of the new business *** that survive the new challenges and those recently established require strategies that allow them to extend their life ***,the study aims to identify how to apply resilience and management disciplines in a tool that allows companies in the sector under study to sufficiently face situations of high *** this objective requires knowing the causes of the short life span of many companies,identifying how surviving companies articulate management disciplines with their strategic objectives,and analyzing the possibility of formulating an organizational model based on resilience as a *** methodology applied was *** sample was simply random;23 companies were analyzed through structured interviews and participant *** the most significant results:the deficient application of management disciplines was identified as an important cause of company closures;the level of acceptance to implement the practice of resilience and management disciplines in companies;and the way to apply resilience and management disciplines in an instrument that builds *** was concluded that an organizational model should be formulated where resilience and management disciplines are applied to face times of crisis.

关键词： Resilience Financial management Risk management Information management Knowledge management

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