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Coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites, and its association with anaemia in children in Cameroon

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 382-388页

作者： Anna Longdoh Njunda Shuri Ghasarah Fon Jules Clement Nguedia Assob dickson shey nsagha Tayong Dizzle Bita Kwenti Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of BueaP.B.63BueaCameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene University of BueaP.B.63BueaCameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaP.B.63BueaCameroon

Background:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites,as well as to determine its association with anaemia in children aged 10 years and below in Muyuka,*** and methods:This was a cross-sectional *** were febrile children who were admitted to the Muyuka district hospital between April and October *** and stool samples were collected from those participants who gave consent to take part in the *** concentration(Hb)and complete blood count(CBC)were performed using an automated haematology analyser(Mindray®,BC-2800).Giemsa-stained blood film was examined to detect malaria parasites,while the formol-ether concentration technique was used to detect intestinal parasitic infections(IPIs).The Pearson’s chi-square,Student’s T-test and correlation analysis were all performed as part of the statistical ***:Four hundred and eleven(411)children successfully took part in this *** prevalence of malaria,IPIs,malaria and IPI coinfection,and anaemia observed were 98.5%,11.9%,11.9%and 44.8%,*** and IPIs were significantly associated with age;anaemia was more prevalent in children under five years of age(p=0.000),whereas IPIs were more prevalent in children aged between five and 10 years(p=0.006).The parasite species isolated included Ascaris lumbricoides(36[73.5%]),Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(9[18.4%])and hookworm(4[8.2%]).The mean Hb observed was 10.64 g/dl(±1.82).A significant negative correlation was observed between malaria parasite density and *** was no significant difference in the prevalence of anaemia among children infected with malaria,IPIs,or malaria and IPI coinfection,or among non-infected ***,the mean Hb did not differ among infected and non-infected ***:This study showed that malaria and IPIs still constitute a major public health problem in the study area despite a lack of any si

关键词： Malaria Intestinal parasites Intestinal parasitic infections Coinfection Anaemia Children Prevalence Cameroon

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A Public Health Model and Framework to Mitigate the Impact of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第1期4卷 27-37页

作者： dickson shey nsagha Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin Jules Clement Nguedia Assob Anna Longdoh Njundah Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

UNICEF, UNAIDS and USAID developed a global strategic framework to guide responses to care and protect orphans and other vulnerable children in the context of HIV/AIDS. In the developing world, about 132 million people have lost one or both parents due to the AIDS pandemic and 25 million children have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS in 2010. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon is estimated at 5.1%. As of 2010, there were 304,000 deaths due to AIDS in Cameroon. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000 were AIDS orphans. The HIV/AIDS burden impacts child survival, growth and development in the traditional African setting. With so many orphans in the population, along with many vulnerable children, strategies must be developed to respond more effectively to their critical needs. This study provides a model for OVC care and support in Cameroon. The model was developed out of extensive work using a participatory approach involving traditional, administrative and health stakeholders on OVC in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle, Ekondo Titi, and Bafaka-Balue communities in Cameroon. Consultancy services with PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa coupled with facilitation of many training workshops on OVC with Save the orphans Foundation, the Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health and working with the National AIDS Control Committee. The essential components of a holistic framework for the care of OVC have been identified. A public health model for the care of OVC and a mechanism for their identification and a referral system for testing OVC for HIV are proposed. Through this model, a mechanism for the effective holistic care of OVC and collaboration is enhanced.

关键词： Orphans Vulnerable Children HIV AIDS Public Health Model Cameroon

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Sexual Risk Behaviours among People Living with HIV and Implications for Control in the North West Region of Cameroon

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 198-205页

作者： Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti dickson shey nsagha Bita Dizzle Tayong Kwenti Anna Longdoh Njunda Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene University of Buea Buea Cameroon Regional Hospital Buea Buea Cameroon

In Cameroon, despite extensive control efforts against HIV/AIDS, the number of new HIV infections is still on the rise. The factors contributing to this are not clearly understood. We hypothesized that it may lie on people living with HIV (PLHIV). In a case-control descriptive study, we studied the characteristics and sexual risky behaviour of PLHIV in the North West Region of Cameroon which has the highest HIV prevalence. Participants were screened for HIV and a structured questionnaire was used in data collection. An equivalent number (350) of PLHIV and controls who did not differ with respect to age and sex participated. Relative to the control, PLHIV were generally less educated (P < 0.001), poorer and less privileged (P < 0.001) with no stable source of income. Among participants that were once married, a greater proportion of PLHIV were divorced (OR = 5.23, P = 0.007), and widows (OR = 2.73, P = 0.001). Among participants that were single, a relatively greater proportion of PLHIV practiced multi-partner sex (OR = 4.55, P< 0.001). History of STDs was higher in PLHIV than the control (OR = 1.88, P = 0.001). Out of 350 PLHIV, 280 (80%) admitted to having had sexual intercourse after being diagnosed of which only 127 (41.78%) admitted to using condoms and 132 (47.14%) admitted to concealing their HIV status from their sexual partner(s). These findings have implications in HIV control programs which should target the poor and the less educated, as well as the sexual behaviour of PLHIV, so as to reverse the current rising trend of new infections in the country.

关键词： HIV/AIDS STDs Risk Factors HIV Control North West Region Cameroon

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Comparative evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test,an antibody ELISA,and a pLDH ELISA in detecting asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in blood donors in Buea,Cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 931-939页

作者： Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti Longdoh Anna Njunda Beltine Tsamul shey dickson nsagha Nguedia Jules-Clement Assob Kukwah Anthony Tufon Dilonga Henry Meriki Enow George Orock Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaP.B.63BueaSouthwest RegionCameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaP.B.63BueaSouthwest RegionCameroon Blood Bank Regional Hospital BueaP.B.32BueaSouthwest RegionCameroon Programme in Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaSouthwest RegionCameroon

Background:In malaria endemic areas,infected blood donors serve as a source of infection to blood recipients,which may adversely affect their *** necessitates the proper screening of blood to be used for transfusion in these *** purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in blood donors in Buea,Cameroon,and to evaluate the performance of a rapid diagnostic test(RDT),a malaria antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and a Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase(pLDH)ELISA in the detection of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in the target ***:In a prospective study conducted between September 2015 and June 2016,1240 potential blood donors were *** donors were screened for malaria parasites using Giemsa microscopy(GM)and a RDT.A sub-sample of 184 samples,comprising 88 positive and 96 negative samples,were selected for the evaluation of the pLDH ELISA and the antibody *** chi-square test and correlation analysis were performed as part of the statistical *** statistical significance cut-off was set at P<***:The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in this study was found to be 8.1%(95%CI:6.6-9.7).The prevalence was not observed to be dependent on the age or sex of the *** RDT had a sensitivity(88.0%),specificity(99.1%),and negative predictive value(99.0%)higher than the *** performance of the pLDH ELISA,which demonstrated the highest positive predictive value(91.6%),was generally comparable to the *** sensitivity was lowest with the antibody ELISA(69.9%),which also demonstrated the highest false positive and false negative *** detection threshold for the pLDH(three parasites/μl)was lower compared to the RDT(50-60 parasites/μl).Non-significant positive correlations were observed between the parasite density and the pLDH titers and malaria antibody ***:Overall,the RDT and the pLDH ELISA demonstrated a perfectly correlated agreem

关键词： Blood transfusion Malaria RDT pLDH ELISA Malaria antibody ELISA Comparative evaluation Sensitivity Specificity Buea Cameroon

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Control of malaria and other vector-borne protozoan diseases in the tropics: enduring challenges despite considerable progress and achievements

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Denis Zofou Raymond B Nyasa dickson S nsagha Fidele Ntie-Kang Henry D Meriki Jules Clement N Assob Victor Kuete Biotechnology Unit Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon CEPAMOQ Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 8580DoualaCameroon Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre Department of ChemistryUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon Department of Biochemistry University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon

Vector-borne protozoan diseases represent a serious public health challenge,especially in the tropics where poverty together with vector-favorable climates are the aggravating *** of the various strategies currently employed to face these scourges is seriously *** enormous efforts,vaccines-which represent the ideal weapon against these parasitic diseases—are yet to be sufficiently developed and *** and vector control are therefore the sole effective attempts to minimize the disease ***,both strategies are also highly challenged by the phenomenon of drug and insecticide resistance,which affects virtually all interventions currently *** recently growing support from international organizations and governments of some endemic countries is warmly welcome,and should be optimally exploited in the various approaches to drug and insecticide research and development to overcome the burden of these prevalent diseases,especially malaria,leishmaniasis,Human African Trypanosomiasis(HAT),and Chagas disease.

关键词： Malaria Vector-borne protozoan diseases African trypanosomiasis Chagas disease Leishmaniasis Vector control Chemotherapy Vaccine development

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Pap Smear Screening, the Way Forward for Prevention of Cervical Cancer? A Community Based Study in the Buea Health District, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第4期5卷 226-233页

作者： Gregory Edie Halle Ekane Thomas Egbe Obinchemti Charlotte Tchuente Nguefack Desmond Molar Nkambfu Robert Tchounzou dickson nsagha Georges Mangala Nkwele George Enow Orock Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics Buea Regional Hospital Buea Cameroon

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common gynecologic malignancy in the world due to lack of awareness and poor uptake of cervical cancer screening services especially in low income countries. In Cameroon, though there is a national cervical cancer-screening program the service has been limited to some main cities without an appreciable impact. Aims: The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice towards Pap smear screening, thus evaluating its suitability as a screening procedure in Cameroon, through this pilot study in the Buea Health District. Methods: The study was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive survey that involved 309 women. Women from 18 years were enrolled for the study from 9th?October to 20th?November 2013. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.3 years (SD = 11.7 years). Most of the women (29.5%) who had gone for the Pap test were in the 41 - 50 years age group. Only 3.6% of the study participants had “good” knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. Approximately 20% of the women had a previous Pap smear test with 55.7% of them having the test just once. Eighty two percent of those who had secondary and tertiary levels of education had never had a Pap smear test. Awareness of risk factors for cervical cancer was low. Fear of pain, positive results after screening, non-curability of cervical cancer were some factors associated with a low Pap test uptake (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is poor knowledge and perceived barriers by women about Pap smear screening and follow-up services. For an impact to be made in the prevention of cervical cancer, Pap smear screening is not the preferred method because of these limitations in this community.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Pap Smear Knowledge Attitude Buea

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