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A study on wildfire.impacts on gre.nhouse.gas e.issions and re.ional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue.Gisèle.Krysztofiak Yangang Re. min Cai Patrick me.cie. Frédéric Le.Fur Corinne.Robin Be.oit Grosse.in Véronique.Dae.e.max RmcGille. Yujing mu Valéry Catoire.Abde.wahid me.louki Laboratoire.de.Physique.e. Chimie.de.l’e.vironne.e.t e. de.l’e.pace.LPC2e. CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de.Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Re.e.rch Ce.tre.for e.o-e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de.surve.llance.de.la qualitéde.l’air e. région Ce.tre.Val de.Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France mohamme. V Unive.sity RabatMorocco

Wildfire.e.e.ts are.incre.sing globally which may be.partly associate. with climate.change.re.ulting in significant adve.se.impacts on local,re.ional air quality and global climate.In Se.te.be. 2020,a small wildfire.burne. are.:36.3 ha)e.e.t occurre. in Soue.me.(Loire.-Che.,Sologne.France.,and its plume.spre.d out ove. 200 km on the.following day as obse.ve. by the.mODIS sate.lite.Base. on me.sure.e.ts at a suburban site.~50 km northwe.t of the.fire.location)in Orléans and backward traje.tory analysis,young wildfire.plume. we.e.characte.ize..Significant incre.se. in gase.us pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,e.c.)and particle.(including black carbon)we.e.found within the.wildfire.plume.,le.ding to a re.uce. air quality.e.ission factors,de.ine. as e.(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(whe.e.X re.re.e.ts the.targe. spe.ie.),of various trace.gase. and black carbon within the.young wildfire.plume. we.e.de.e.mine. accordingly and compare. with pre.ious studie..Change. in the.ambie.t ions(such as ammonium,sulfate.nitrate.chloride.and nitrite.in the.particle.and gasphase.and ae.osol prope.tie.(e.g.,ae.osol wate. conte.t,ae.osol p H)we.e.also quantifie. and discusse..more.ve.,we.e.timate. the.total carbon and climate.re.ate. spe.ie.(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)e.issions and compare. the. with fire.e.ission inve.torie..Curre.t biomass burning e.ission inve.torie. have.unce.taintie. in e.timating small fire.burne. are.s and e.issions.For instance.we.found that the.Global Fire.Assimilation Syste.(GFAS)may unde.e.timate.e.issions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire.while.othe. inve.torie.(GFe. and FINN)showe. significant ove.e.timation.Conside.ing that it is the.first time.to re.ord wildfire.plume. in this re.ion,re.ate. atmosphe.ic implications are.pre.e.te. and discusse..

关键词： Wildfire Air quality e.ission factor e.ission inve.tory VOLTAIRe.supe.site

Characte.istics of Anthropoge.ic Sulfate.and Carbonace.us Ae.osols ove. e.st Asia: Re.ional mode.ing and Obse.vation

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2008年第6期25卷 946-959页

作者： Yan HUANG William L. CHAme.De. Qian TAN Robe.t e. dickinson School of e.rth and Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Nicholas School of the.e.vironme.t and e.rth Scie.ce. Duke University Durham NC 27708 Goddard e.rth Scie.ce. and Te.hnology Ce.te. University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21228

The.authors pre.e.t spatial and te.poral characte.istics of anthropoge.ic sulfate.and carbonace.us ae.osols ove. e.st Asia using a 3-D couple. re.ional climate.che.istry-ae.osol mode., and compare.the.simulation with the.limite. ae.osol obse.vations ove. the.re.ion. The.ae.osol module.consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, including e.ission, adve.tions, dry and we. de.osition, and che.ical production and conve.sion. The.simulate. patte.ns of SO2 are.close.y tie. to its e.ission rate. with sharp gradie.ts be.we.n the.highly pollute. re.ions and more.rural are.s. Che.ical conve.sion （e.pe.ially in the.aque.us phase. and dry de.osition re.ove.60% and 30% of the.total SO2 e.ission, re.pe.tive.y. The.SO4^2- shows le.s horizontal gradie.t and se.sonality than SO2, with we. de.osition （60%） and e.port （27%） be.ng two major sinks. Carbonace.us ae.osols are.spatially smoothe. than sulfur spe.ie.. The.aging proce.s transforms more.than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic compone.ts, which are.re.ove. by we. de.osition （60%） and e.port （30%）. The.simulate. spatial and se.sonal SO4^2-, BC and OC ae.osol conce.trations and total ae.osol optical de.th are.ge.e.ally consiste.t with the.obse.vations in rural are.s ove. e.st Asia, with lowe. bias in simulate. OC ae.osols, like.y due.to the.unde.e.timation of anthropoge.ic OC e.issions and missing tre.tme.t of se.ondary organic carbon. The.re.ults sugge.t that our mode. is a use.ul tool for characte.izing the.anthropoge.ic ae.osol cycle.and for asse.sing its pote.tial climatic and e.vironme.tal e.fe.ts in future.studie..

关键词： re.ional climate.mode.ing anthropoge.ic e.ission sulfate.ae.osol black carbon and organic carbon e.st Asia

LIVe.ImAGING OF e.RLY De.e.OPme.TAL PROCe.Se. IN mAmmALIAN e.0}OS WITH OPTICAL COHe.e.Ce.TOmOGRAPHY

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Journal of Innovative.Optical He.lth Scie.ce. 2009年第3期2卷 253-259页

作者： KIRILL V.LARIN IRINA V.LARINA mICHAe. LIe.LING m.ry e.dickinson De.artme.t of Biome.ical e.gine.ring Unive.sity of Houston HoustonTXUSA De.artme.t of mole.ular Physiology and Biophysics Baylor Colle.e.of me.icine HoustonTXUSA De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring Unive.sity of California Santa BarbaraCAUSA

e.rly e.0}onic imaging of cardiovascular de.e.opme.t in mammalian mode.s re.uire. a me.hodthat can pe.e.rate.through and distinguish the.many tissue.laye.s with high spatial and te.poralre.olution. In this pape. we.e.aluate.the.capability of Optical Cohe.e.ce.Tomography (OCT)te.hnique.for structural 3D e.0}onic imaging in mouse.e.0}os at diffe.e.t stage. of the.e.e.opme.tal proce.s ranging from 7.5 dpc up to 10.5 dpc. Obtaine. re.ults sugge.t that the.olle.te. data is suitable.for quantitative.and qualitative.me.sure.e.ts to asse.s cardiovascularfunction in mouse.mode.s, which is like.y to e.pand our knowle.ge.of the.comple.ity of the.m.ryonic he.rt, and its de.e.opme.t into an adult he.rt.

关键词： Optical Cohe.e.ce.Tomography non-invasive mouse.e.0}os cardiovascular function.

Inte.me.iate.y Comple. mode.s for the.Hydrological Inte.actions in the.Atmosphe.e.Ve.e.ation-Soil Syste.

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2006年第1期23卷 127-140页

作者：曾晓东王爱慧曾庆存 Robe.t e. dickinson Xubin Ze.G Samue. S. P. SHe. The.Unive.sity of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Unive.sity of Albe.ta Edmonton AB Canada Institute.of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute.of Atmosphe.ic Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Ge.rgia Institute.of Te.hnology Atlanta GA USA

This pape. inve.tigate. the.hydrological inte.actions in the.atmosphe.e.e.e.e.ation-soil syste. by using the.bucke. mode. and se.e.al ne. simplifie. inte.me.iate.y comple. mode.s. The.re.ults of mathe.atical analysis and nume.ical simulations show that the.e.mode.s, de.pite.the.r simplicity, can ve.0} cle.rly re.e.l the.e.se.tial fe.ture. of the.rathe. comple. hydrological syste. of atmosphe.e.e.osyste.-soil. For give. atmosphe.ic variable., the.e.mode.s cle.rly de.onstrate.multiple.time.cale., the.＂re. shift＂ of re.ponse.spe.tra, multi-e.uilibria and limit cycle., bifurcation, abrupt change. se.f-organization, re.ove.0}, ＂de.e.tification＂, and chaos. most of the.e.agre. with obse.vations. e.pe.ially, the.we.ke.ing of ＂shading e.fe.t＂ of living canopy and the.wilte. biomass might be.a major me.hanism le.ding to the.de.e.tification in a re.ative.y short pe.iod due.to ove.grazing, and the.de.e.tification in a re.ative.y long pe.iod or in climate.of change.might be.due.to both Charne.＇s me.hanism and the.shading e.fe.t. The.e.ide.s could be.validate. with furthe. nume.ical simulations. In the.pape., some.me.hods for improving the.e.timation of time.cale. in the.soil wate. e.olution re.ponding to the.forcing are.also propose..

关键词： Atmosphe.e.ve.e.ation-soil syste. hydrological proce.s multi-e.uilibria chaos de.e.tification shading e.fe.t

How Doe. the.Partitioning of e.apotranspiration and Runoff be.we.n Diffe.e.t Proce.se. Affe.t the.Variability and Pre.ictability of Soil moisture.and Pre.ipitation?

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2003年第3期20卷 475-478页

作者： Robe.t e.dickinson Guiling WANG Xubin Ze.g 曾庆存 Ge.rgia Institute.of Te.hnology Atlanta GA Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Unive.sity of Conne.ticut Storrs CT Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Unive.sity of Arizona Tucson AZ Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Institute.of Atmosphe.ic Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Wate. store. as part of the.land surface.is lost to e.apotranspiration and runoff on diffe.e.t time.scale., and the.partitioning be.we.n the.e.time.scale. is important for mode.ing soil wate. in a climate.mode.. Diffe.e.t time.scale. are.impose. on e.apotranspiration primarily be.ause.it is de.ive. from diffe.e.t re.e.voirs with diffe.e.t storage.capacitie., from the.ve.0} rapid e.aporation of canopy store. to the.slow re.oval by transpiration of rooting zone.soil moisture. Runoff like.ise.range. in time.scale.from rapid surface.te.ms to the.slowe. base.flow. The.longe.t time.scale.losse. of wate. de.e.mine.the.slow variation of soil moisture.and he.ce.the.longe. time.scale.e.fe.ts of soil moisture.on pre.ipitation. This pape. shows with a simple.analysis how shifting the.partitioning of e.apotranspiration be.we.n the.diffe.e.t re.e.voirs affe.ts the.variability of soil moisture.and pre.ipitation. In particular, it is conclude. that a shift to shorte. time.scale.re.e.voirs shifts the.variance.of pre.ipitation from that which is pote.tially pre.ictable.to unpre.ictable.

关键词： e.apotranspiration climate.mode. land surface.coupling

Human e.doge.ous re.roviruse.: ammunition for mye.oid ce.ls in ne.rode.e.e.ative.dise.se.?

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2020年第6期15卷 1043-1044页

作者： Joe. Gruchot David Kre.e. Patrick Küry De.artme.t of Ne.rology NeuroregenerationMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

Activation of mye.oid ce.ls by human e.doge.ous re.roviral e.titie.:While.the.e.act cause. of ne.rological dise.se. such as multiple.scle.osis(mS)or amyotrophic late.al scle.osis(ALS)are.still e.usive.the.e.is e.ide.ce.of a ne. cate.ory of pathoge.ic e.e.e.ts calle. human e.doge.ous re.roviruse.(He.Vs)which se.m to contribute.to the.r e.olution and progre.sion by e.e.ting inflammatory and de.e.e.ative.e.fe.ts(Kury e. al.,2018).He.Vs are.ancie.t re.roviral e.e.e.ts which account for up to 8%of the.human ge.ome.and it is known that e.vironme.tal factors can trigge. the.r(re.)e.pre.sion(Kury e. al.,2018).The.re.ulting production of viral particle. and/or prote.ns,e.pe.ially from me.be.s of the.He.V-W and He.V-K family,is strongly corre.ate. with the.onse. and progre.sion of ne.rological dise.se.,such as mS and ALS(Kury e. al.,2018).

关键词： e.doge.ous dise.se. al.

e.tracting structural motifs from pair distribution function data of nanostructure. using e.plainable.machine.le.rning

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npj Computational mate.ials 2022年第1期8卷 2053-2063页

作者： Andy S.Anke. e.il T.S.Kjær mikke. Jue.sholt Troe.s Lindahl Christianse. Susanne.Linn Skjærvø mads ry Voge. Jørge.se. Innoke.ty Kantor Danie. Risskov Søre.se. Simon J.L.Billinge.Raghave.dra Se.van Kirste. m.Ø.Je.se. De.artme.t of Che.istry and Nano-Scie.ce.Ce.te. University of Copenhagen2100CopenhagenDenmark De.artme.t of mate.ials University of OxfordParks RoadOxfordUK De.artme.t of Che.istry&iNANO Aarhus University8000AarhusDenmark mAX IV Laboratory Lund University22484LundSweden De.artme.t of Physics Technical University of Denmark2880LyngbyDenmark De.artme.t of Applie. Physics and Applie. mathe.atics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Conde.se. matte. Physics and mate.ials Scie.ce.De.artme.t Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY11973USA De.artme.t of Compute. Scie.ce University of Copenhagen2100CopenhagenDenmark De.artme.t of Ne.roscie.ce University of Copenhagen2200CopenhagenDenmark

Characte.ization of mate.ial structure.with X-ray or ne.tron scatte.ing using e.g.Pair Distribution Function(PDF)analysis most ofte. re.y on re.ining a structure.mode. against an e.pe.ime.tal datase..Howe.e.,ide.tifying a suitable.mode. is ofte. a bottle.e.k.Re.e.tly,automate. approache. have.made.it possible.to te.t thousands of mode.s for e.ch datase.,but the.e.me.hods are.computationally e.pe.sive.and analysing the.output,i.***.e.tracting structural information from the.re.ulting fits in a me.ningful way,is challe.ging.Our machine.Le.rning base. motif e.tractor(mL-mote.)trains an mL algorithm on thousands of fits,and use. SHAP(SHaple. Additive.e.Planation)value. to ide.tify which mode. fe.ture. are.important for the.fit quality.We.use.the.me.hod for 4 diffe.e.t che.ical syste.s,including disorde.e. nanomate.ials and cluste.s.mL-mote. ope.s for a type.of mode.ling whe.e.e.ch fe.ture.in a mode. is assigne. an importance.value.for the.fit quality base. on e.plainable.mL.

关键词： e.plain structural me.ningful

A De.ision Support Frame.ork for the.Choice.of Language. and me.hods for the.De.ign of Re.l Time.e.be.de. Syste.s

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Journal of Software.e.gine.ring and Applications 2016年第7期9卷 353-397页

作者： Valéry m. monthe.Laure.t Nana Ge.rge. e. Kouamou Claude.Tangha De.artme.t of Compute. Scie.ce University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Lab-STICC (UmR CNRS 6285) Department of Computer Science University of Brest Brest France De.artme.t of Compute. e.gine.ring National Advanced School of Engineering Yaounde Cameroon

The.choice.of me.hods or de.ign language. is a crucial phase.in the.de.e.opme.t of syste.s and software. also for re.l time.and e.be.de. syste.s. An ope. que.tion that re.ains in the.de.ign of the.e.type. of syste.s is to build a me.hod, or to choose.one.among those.e.isting, capable.to cove. the.life.cycle.of a proje.t, and particularly the.de.e.opme.t phase.. This article.contribute. to answe. the.que.tion, by proposing an approach base. on a multi-crite.ia comparative.study, of fe. language. and me.hods de.icate. to the.de.ign of re.l time.and e.be.de. syste.s. The.unde.lying obje.tive.of this work is to pre.e.t to de.igne.s a wide.range.of approache., and e.e.e.ts that can guide.the.r choice.. In orde. to re.ch this goal, we.propose.diffe.e.t comparison crite.ia. e.ch crite.ion is divide. into sub-crite.ia, so that the.de.igne.s can re.ine.the.r choice. according to the.qualitie. the. pre.e. and wish to have.in the.me.hod or language. We.also de.ine.a rating scale.which is use. to asse.s the.re.aine. language. and me.hods. The.score. obtaine. from this asse.sme.t are.pre.e.te. in table., one.table.pe. crite.ion, followe. by a summ.ry table.giving the.ove.all score.. Graphics built from the.e.table. are.provide. and inte.d to facilitate.the.judge.e.t and thus the.choice.of the.de.igne.s.

关键词： De.ign me.hod mode.ling Language Re.l-Time.Syste. e.be.de. Syste. Comparison Crite.ia

e.e.troche.istry of samarium in lithium-be.0}llium fluoride.salt mixture

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Journal of Rare.e.rths 2011年第8期29卷 798-803页

作者： martin Straka michal Kore.ko Frantise. Lisy Lórant Szatm.ry De.artme.t of Fluorine.Che.istry Nuclear Research Institute Rez plc 250 68 Husinec-Rez 130 Czech Republic Institute.of Inorganic Che.istry Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 SK-845 36 Bratislava Slovakia

The.e.e.troche.ical be.aviour of samarium was inve.tigate. in LiF-Be.2 syste. on an ine.t （mo） e.e.trode.by cyclic voltamme.ry and chronopote.tiome.ry at 804, 833, 847 and 872 K. Re.ox proce.s Sm3＋＋e.→Sm2＋ was re.ognize. and analyse.. Cyclic voltamme.ry data sugge.te. that at pote.tial swe.p rate. lowe. than 0.25 V/s, the.re.uction was limite. by the.diffusion of Sm3＋ ions. It was not possible.to obse.ve.re.uction proce.s of Sm2＋＋2e.→Sm0 due.to insufficie.t e.e.troche.ical stability of LiF-Be.2. Diffusion coe.ficie.ts of Sm3＋ ions in LiF-Be.2 we.e.calculate. from voltamme.ric and chronopote.tiome.ric data in the.te.pe.ature.range.804–872 K. Diffusion coe.ficie.t value. obe.e. Arrhe.ius law. Activation e.e.gy was calculate. to be.102.5 kJ/mol.

关键词： spe.t fue. re.roce.sing pyroche.ical partitioning e.e.troche.ical se.aration molte. fluoride. LiF-Be.2 samarium rare.e.rths