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Variation in species assemblages due to micro-topography and flow regime govern vegetation carbon stock in seasonal floodplain wetlands

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 602-616页

作者： Priyanka Sarkar Tapati Das dibyendu adhikari Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Assam UniversitySilchar 788011India Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong 793022India

Hypothesis:Variation in species assemblages due to micro-topographic features and flow regime determine vegetation carbon stock in floodplain *** and method:We tested this hypothesis in Chatla—a tropical floodplain wetland located in northeast *** sampling stations characterized by contrasting micro-topographic and flow parameters were selected in the wetland for *** composition,assemblage pattern,and vegetation carbon stock were studied in these stations during three flood phases,i.e.,early,middle,and late flood phases following standard *** and multivariate statistics were used to determine the relationship between the selected environmental parameters,plant species assemblages,and vegetation carbon stock of the ***:Thirty-one species of herbs and five species of shrubs were recorded from the five stations in Chatla floodplain *** regime characterized by water flow velocity and discharge showed substantial variations across the *** parameters in turn are related to variations in the micro-topographic characteristics namely depth,width,and cross-sectional area of the *** species composition and abundance differed significantly with respect to micro-topography and flow regime as revealed by the cluster *** canonical correspondence analysis revealed strong association of plant species assemblages with the micro-topography and flow regime within the *** regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship of the vegetation carbon stock with the water ***:Spatial variation in plant species diversity because of micro-topography and flow regime determines the vegetation carbon stock in floodplain *** of these parameters by anthropogenic activities such as mining and quarrying may potentially influence the carbon stocking potential of seasonal floodplain ***,appropriate measures should be taken to main

关键词： Riparian vegetation Tropical wetland Vegetation biomass Ecosystem services Northeast India

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Abundance and habitat-suitability relationship deteriorate in fragmented forest landscapes:a case of Adinandra griffithii Dyer,a threatened endemic tree from Meghalaya in northeast India

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 23-31页

作者： dibyendu adhikari Aabid Hussain Mir Krishna Upadhaya Viheno Iralu Dilip Kumar Roy Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong 793022India Department of Environmental Studies North-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong 793022India Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences North-Eastern Hill UniversityShillong 793022India Botanical Survey of India Eastern Regional CentreShillong 793003India

Introduction:A strong positive‘abundance and habitat-suitability’relationship is crucial for conservation of ***,anthropogenic alteration of natural landscapes leading to land use and land cover change,habitat loss,and species extinctions(may)have putatively disturbed this ***,it is important to study the nature of the relationship in such human influenced ***:In this study,we endeavored to understand the consistency of the relationship in the fragmented natural landscapes in the Khasi,Garo,and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya in northeast India,with Adinandra griffithii(an endangered endemic tree)as a model *** reconstructed the distribution of its suitable habitats as a function of the remotely sensed vegetation phenology(i.e.,EVI data),using point occurrence data and ecological niche modeling(ENM)*** of the abundance and habitat characterization was done through field surveys following standard ***:The study revealed that remotely sensed landscape-level vegetation phenology could effectively discriminate the suitable and unsuitable habitats of threatened *** regression model showed a weak positive correlation between abundance and predicted habitat suitability for adult trees indicating(plausible)deterioration in the ***,sapling and seedling populations did not show a precise trend in this ***-based studies revealed that removal of the species from the suitable habitats because of anthropogenic disturbances possibly weakened the abundance-suitability ***:The findings of the study enjoin the need for re-establishment of the species in the suitable areas for its conservation and perpetuation.

关键词： Abundant-center hypothesis Species abundance Habitat suitability EVI ENM

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Regeneration ecology and population status of a critically endangered and endemic tree species (Ilex khasiana Purk.) in north-eastern India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第3期20卷 223-228,286页

作者： Upadhaya Krishna Barik Saroj Kanta adhikari dibyendu Baishya Ratul Lakadong Nigyal John Division of Environmental Science Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences School of Technology North-Eastern Hill University Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany School of Life Sciences North-Eastern Hill University

Detailed studies on population structure and regeneration ecology of Ilex khasiana were carried out at five representative natural populations i.e. Mylliem (Population–I), Upper Shillong (Population–II), Shillong Peak (Population–III), Laitkor (Population–IV) and Nongpiyur (Population–V) to probe into the responsible affecting factors for its population structure and regeneration ability in these populations. Experimental observation under three controlled light conditions (full sunlight (100%), intermediate sunlight (50%) and low sunlight (30%)) showed that the growth status and survival rates of seedlings under intermediate and low light were better than those under the high light condition. The density-diameter distribution in population of adult trees (≥5cm dbh) exhibited a typical character of a regenerating population. A higher seedling mortality rate in natural populations of I. khasiana was most probably due to increase in light intensity following vegetation destruction and other anthropogenic disturbances that cause opening of forest canopy. The findings of the present study would be of immense value in formulating appropriate conservation measures for the species.

关键词： Ilex khasiana endangered species population status regeneration north-eastern India

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Climate-change habitat shifts for the vulnerable endemic oak species(Quercus arkansana Sarg.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 117-127页

作者： Suresh Chandra Subedi Seth Drake Binaya adhikari Mark V.Coggeshall Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas Tech UniversityRussellvilleARUSA Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA School of Natural Resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA

Quercus arkansana(Arkansas oak)is at risk of becoming endangered,as the total known population size is represented by a few isolated *** potential impact of climate change on this species in the near future is high,yet knowledge of its predicted effects is *** study utilized the biomod2 R package to develop habi-tat suitability ensemble models based on bioclimatic and topographic environmental variables and the known loca-tions of current distribution of *** predicted suitable habitats across three climate change scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)for 2050,2070,and *** findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for *** is approximately 127,881 km^(2) across seven states(Texas,Arkansas,Alabama,Louisiana,Mississippi,Georgia,and Florida);approximately 9.5%is encompassed within state and federally managed protected *** models predict that all current suitable habitats will disap-pear by 2050 due to climate change,resulting in a northward shift into new regions such as Tennessee and *** large extent of suitable habitat outside protected areas sug-gests that a species-specific action plan incorporating pro-tected areas and other areas may be crucial for its ***,protection of *** habitat against climate change may require locally and regionally focused conservation policies,adaptive management strategies,and educational outreach among local people.

关键词： Biomod2 Climate change Conservation Habitat loss Habitat shift Species distribution modeling Oak species

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Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda adhikari Adarsha SUBEDI Achyut TIWARI Bharat Babu SHRESTHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road *** verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant ***,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in ***,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural *** sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the *** each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior *** results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central ***,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road *** emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

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Evaluation of hand infections in the emergency department using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： David Ahmad Haidar David Mintz Brandon M Wubben Omar Rizvi Srikar adhikari Department of Emergency Medicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final *** most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

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Patterns,Causes and Perceptions of Human-Large Carnivore Conflict in the Chitwan National Park,Nepal

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第4期15卷 838-849页

作者： Parwati TIWARI Bishnu Prasad BHATTARAI Jagan Nath adhikari Binod BHATTARAI Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Zoology Birendra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityChitwan 44200Nepal Nepal Zoological Society Kathmandu 44600Nepal

One of the major management problems in and around protected areas is the intensifying conflict between local people and wildlife,especially large *** depredation and human fatalities caused by attacks of carnivores are found to be serious obstacles in conflict *** study aims to explore the patterns,costs,causes and perceptions of human large carnivore conflict in the Nawalpur area of Chitwan National *** patterns of livestock loss and human casualties due to large carnivores(Panthera tigris and Panthera pardus)were analysed using the secondary data reported to Chitwan National Park from 2001 to *** understand the people’s perception towards carnivores and wildlife conservation,150 victim respondents were asked,with one household selected from each *** 19-year study period,a total of 521 incidents caused by large carnivores were reported,which included 33 human casualties and 488 livestock *** was responsible for the maximum conflict incidents in *** total relief provided for human deaths and injuries was US$17524.41,whereas US$13702.18 was used to compensate for livestock depredation in the Nawalpur area by authorities of the Chitwan National *** than 64%of the respondents liked the presence of carnivores in their area and had a positive attitude toward the conservation of large carnivores,even though the carnivores were responsible for livestock depredation and human injury and ***’s satisfaction with the relief scheme provided by the government depended on ethnicity,gender,age class,occupation,education,insurance,and livestock ownership,but they believed the scheme was not ***,an effective relief scheme and awareness about the process of relief funding should be conducted in conflict *** awareness programs for local communities about large carnivores,their behavior,and preparing predator-proof corrals would be helpful in minimizing conflict in the study a

关键词： depredation human wildlife conflict leopard tiger relief fund

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Defect mediated losses and degradation of perovskite solar cells:Origin impacts and reliable characterization techniques

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 217-253页

作者： Himangshu Baishy Ramkrishna Das adhikari Mayur Jagdishbhai Patel Deepak Yadav Tapashi Sarmah Mizanur Alam Manab Kalita Parameswar Krishnan lyer Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039AssamIndia Department of Chemistry Indian Institute ofTechnology GuwahatGuwahati739AssamIndi

The rapid advancement of halide-based hybrid perovskite materials has garnered significant research attention,particularly in the domain of photovoltaic *** to their exceptional optoelec-tronic properties,they demonstrated power conversion efficiency(PcE)of over 25%in single junction solar *** the notable progress in PCE over the past decade,the inherent high defect density pre-senting in perovskite materials gives rise to several loss mechanisms and associated ion migration in per-ovskite solar cells(PsCs)during operational *** factors collectively contribute to a significant stability challenge in PsCs,placing their longevity far behind for *** numerous reports have explored defects,ion migration,and their impacts on device performance,a com-prehensive correlation between the types of defects and the degradation kinetics of perovskite materials and PsCs has been *** this context,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins of defects and ion migration,emphasizing their correlation with the degradation kinetics of per-ovskite materials and PsCs,leveraging reliable characterization ***,these charac-terization techniques are intended to comprehend loss mechanisms by different passivation approaches to enhance the durability and PCE of PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Defects lon migration Degradation Stability

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Agile and reactive rabies vaccination techniques in countries with low and middle incomes

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Animal Diseases 2024年第2期4卷 75-77页

作者： Rupak Kandel Anil Subedi Sonu adhikari Department of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology Agriculture and Forestry University(AFU)RampurChitwan 44209Nepal University of New England ArmidaleNSW 2350Australia

Rabies are still a major public health risk in low-and middle-income nations,endangering both human and animal *** is caused by rabies virus(RABV)from the Rhabdoviridae family of the genus *** infection affects the central nervous system,mainly the brain and spinal cord,causing acute encephalitis,which has the highest case fatality rate ever recordednearly 100%.Although all mammals can be infected by RABV,dogs are thought to be the main source of *** bites cause 95%of human cases of rabies,but in endemic areas,this number increases to 99%(Harischandra,Gunesekera et al.2016).

关键词： rabies Rabies acute

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Climate-driven dengue fever outbreaks in Nepal:Trends,challenges,and strategies

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 135-138页

作者： Chandan Kumar Thakur Samita adhikari Meghnath Dhimal Clinical Microbiology Karnali Academy of Health SciencesJumla 21200KarnaliNepal Hospital Infection Control Nepal Mediciti HospitalLalitpur 44700BagmatiNepal Research Section Nepal Health Research CouncilKathmandu 44600BagmatiNepal

Dengue fever(DF)has become a major public health concern in Nepal,with increasing outbreaks in recent *** by Aedes mosquitoes,this climate-sensitive viral disease presents a significant challenge for healthcare providers and *** 2004,Nepal has experienced a sharp increase in DF cases,peaking in 2022 with 54784 cases and 88 *** surge,driven mainly by serotypes 1,2,and 3,is exacerbated by climate change,which prolongs mosquito breeding seasons due to warmer temperatures and increased *** trend has even impacted previously unaffected hilly *** dengue control strategies must focus on climate change adaptation,strengthening healthcare system reinforcement,raising public awareness,and enhancing vector control *** initiatives,like the national dengue control program,play a critical role,but research and community engagement are also vital for prevention and early *** climate resilience into public health efforts is essential to reducing the dengue burden in Nepal.

关键词： Climate change Dengue fever Dengue outbreaks Dengue control Nepal Public health Vector-borne diseases

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