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Prevalence, Pattern and Evolution of Rheumatic Heart Disease: About 120 Cases at Mother-Children University Hospital Luxembourg (MC UHL), Bamako (Mali)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2018年第7期8卷 319-327页

作者： Ba Hamidou Oumar Maiga Asmaou Kéita Doumbia Coumba Thiam Maiga Salma Souleimane Sidibé Noumou Sangaré Ibrahima Camara Youssouf Sidibé Salimata Diallo Souleymane Menta Ichaka diarra mamadou bocary CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali CHU Mère Enfant le Luxembourg Bamako Mali CHU Sidy Bocar Sall Kati Mali

Introduction: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its complications including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease worldwide. In our setting with no cardiac surgery, data on RHD are therefore important to point out the need for such structure. In this study, we therefore describe rheumatic disease in terms of prevalence, patients’ characteristics and management of patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study from May to September 2012, involving children aged 3 to 15 years old and seen at the Mother and Child University Hospital Luxembourg (MC UHL). Included were all children diagnosed with RHD. The diagnosis of rheumatic fever (RF) was defined using the revised Jones criteria from 1992 and RHD defined according to the WHO/NIH joint criteria. Data of interview, clinical examination, complementary and those on evolution were recorded. Results: We found an hospital prevalence of 6.2%. Mean age was 15.33 years ± 6.005 (3 to 36), females representing 54.2% and students 70%. Mitral regurgitation (MR), Mitral Stenosis (MS) and concomitant MR + MS were most found RHD with resp. 43.3%, 15% and 13.3%. Complications occurred in 74.1% before surgery. An operative indication was set in 90% of all cases whereas only 36% underwent surgery. After surgery immediate complications were dominated by anemia (11.6%) and late ones by heart failure in 18.5% of cases. Conclusion: Despite advances in medical diagnostic approach and therapeutical progress which partly explained the relatively high prevalence, the evolution of rheumatic heart disease in our context is unfavorable due to the lack of a surgical management structure. While waiting for a cardiology institute, the focus should be on information and awareness in primary prevention.

关键词： Retrospective Acute Rheumatic Fever Rheumatic Heart Disease Bamako

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Pediatric Hypertension (HTN) Assessed by Various Methods: A Study among Pediatric Inpatients in University Hospital Gabriel Touré(UH-GT)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 144-154页

作者： Hamidou Oumar Ba Youssouf Camara Ibrahima Sangare Maiga Belco Diakite mamadou A. Dembele Fofana Cheick Hamala Toure mamadou Hamidou Camara Sogodogo Adama Traore Aladji Sidibe Samba Sidibe Noumou Doumbia Coumba Thiam Maiga Asmaou Kéita Konate Massama Sonfo Boubacar Menta Ichaka Ilo Bella Diall Togo Boubacar diarra mamadou bocary Service de Cardiologie CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Service de Cardiologie CHU Kati Bamako Mali Service de Pédiatrie CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Service de Cardiologie du CHU Point G Bamako Mali Service de Cardiologie CHU Mère-Enfant Bamako Mali Service de Médecine Interne et d’Endocrinologie Hôpital du Mali Bamako Mali

Introduction: It is known for decades that a correlation among child blood pressure and adult pressure exist. There are few publications on Hypertension (HTN) in pediatric area. We therefore conducted this study to estimate the extension of HTN among children and looking for associated factors. Methods: Blood pressure was assessed using the references released by the National institutes of health in the United States, those of the French Society of Pediatric Nephrology and z-score. We used the auscultation method with appropriate cuff adapted to the child’s upper arm. We got for each arm 3 blood pressure measures taken children seated or lying on the back and mean blood pressure was calculated and used for the evaluation of the pressure level. The arm with the higher blood pressure was considered for the study. Socio-demographical and clinical data were collected anonymously on a formulary and then inserted in a Microsoft Access Database. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software using appropriate tests. Results: The study involved 154 patients (boys:girls = 56.5:43.5) aged 3 to 16 years. Patients of 11 years and older made 57.1% of the sample. Most patients suffered from severe malaria (35.1%, glomerular and heart diseases with respectively 16.2% and 9.1%. The global proportion of hypertensive patients was 27%, 39% and 5.2% respectively based on references of the French society of nephrology, those of the 4th report of the NHBPEP and standard deviation. Looking for associated factors with hypertension the logistic regression found no predictor for hypertension using pressure cut-offs values based on the French society of nephrology and those of the 4th report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Programm (NHBPEP). Conclusion: Children must be checked for hypertension to avoid organ damage and later cardiovascular complications. Blood pressure assessment should be preferably done on outpatients as the role of the st

关键词： Hypertension Pediatric Bamako

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Double Discordance with Pulmonary Stenosis: About a Clinical Case

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第12期10卷 825-830页

作者： Asmaou Keita Maiga Boubacar Sonfo Daffé Sanoussi Fofana Daouda Diallo Souleymane Terra Abdoul Wahab Thiam Coumba Ba Hamidou Touré mamadou Camara Youssouf mamadou bocary diarra Cardiology Department CHU Mère - Enfant Bamako Mali Cardiology Department of CHU Kati Bamako Mali Cardiology Department CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: Double discordance or corrected transposition of the great vessels is a rare congenital heart disease. It is an atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial mismatch. It is a complex and unusual form of congenital heart disease. Often asymptomatic, in its isolated form, bradycardia, murmur and cyanosis can be a mode of revelation. Case presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old child, asymptomatic at birth, after he started to have dyspnea on exertion, recurrent bronchitis, motivating a cardiological consultation. On cardiac physical examination, the heart sounds regular, not rapid at 81 BPM with a grade 3-4/6 systolic murmur at the 4th left EIC (Intercostal space). EKG (electrocardiogram) shows PR interval at 0.20 seconds. Cardiac ultrasound reveals atrioventricular discordance, vascular malposition, anterior aorta, the two vessels placed side by side, minimal pulmonary insufficiency, a small leak at the levels of the mitral and tricuspid valves, dystrophic pulmonary valves with an average gradient of 91 mmHg, max at 158 mmHg. Regular follow-up has been recommended through the performance of a clinical examination and cardiac ultrasound. Conclusion: The double discordance can be asymptomatic, and survival can be long in the isolated forms, but the evolution is not always benign, especially in the associated forms. It depends on the function of the systemic right ventricle and associated abnormalities.

关键词： Double Discordance CHU ME Luxembourg Bamako

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An Approach to Detect Structural Development Defects in Object-Oriented Programs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 494-510页

作者： Maxime Seraphin Gnagne Mouhamadou Dosso mamadou diarra Souleymane Oumtanaga Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University Félix HOUPHOU&#203T-BOIGNY Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Research and Innovation Unit in Mathematics and Digital Sciences National Polytechnic Institute Félix HOUPHOU&#203T-BOIGNY Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire

Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.

关键词： Object-Oriented Programming Structural Development Defect Detection Software Maintenance Pre-Trained Models Features Extraction Bagging Neural Network

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Evaluation of the Integrated Management Program for Acute Malnutrition in the Douentza Health District, Mopti Region, Mali

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 790-806页

作者： Abdoul Salam diarra Lamine Traore Mohamed diarra Tawfiq Abu mamadou Traore Yacouba Guindo Sidi Sangare Seydou Kante Intimbeye Tembine Dramane Coulibaly mamadou Fodé diarra Salia Keita Sadio Sambala Diallo mamadou Samake Hamadoun Sangho National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Bamako Mali Division of Nutrition Regional Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene Mopti Mali Department of Pediatric Health Referral Center of Kalaban Coro Koulikoro Mali Private Practice for Family and Emergency Medicine Casablanca Morocco Division of Nutrition General Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene Bamako Mali Administration Department Health Referral Center of Djenne Mopti Mali Administration Department Health Referral Center of Douentza Mopti Mali Administration and Planning Department Regional Health Directorate Mopti Mali Division of Health Department Regional Health Directorate of Mopti Mopti Mali Golden Life American Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali

Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program for acute malnutrition (IMPAM). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January to December 2020 in the Douentza health district. The study included anyone with at least one malnourished child aged 6 to 59 months in their care who agreed to take part in the study, community health center staff who had given their consent, and the URENI manager at the Douentza reference health center. Data collected via questionnaires were entered into Excel and then analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: A total of 138 acutely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months, including 71 girls (51.45%), 138 accompanying mothers and 11 health workers, were included in our case study. Among the malnourished, 54.34% were in the 12 - 23 months age group and 69.57% had the severe form. 93% of the mothers interviewed were satisfied with the care provided, and all the health staff interviewed stated that community conflicts had an impact on IMPAM’s activities. Cure rates were 81% in Moderate Outpatient Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAM), 84% in Severe Ambulatory Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAS) and 92% in Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education Unit (URENI). Drop-out rates were 19% in URENAM, 16% in URENAS and 0% in URENI. The death rate was 8% in URENI and 0% in URENAM and URENAS. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of malnutrition in the district (10.54%). It also reveals that factors such as inter-community conflict and insecurity have seriously affected the IMPAM program.

关键词： Care Acute Malnutrition Children Aged 6 - 59 Months IMPAM Douentza

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Nutritional Composition of Four Underexploited Wild Fruits in Mali

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 26-40页

作者： mamadou Abdoulaye Konare Cheickna Cisse Nouhoum diarra Marius K. Somda mamadou Wele Rokia Sanogo Laboratory of Plant and Food Biochemistry and Biotechnologies (LBVA_B) Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FST) University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali African Center of Excellency in Bioinformatics (ACE-B) University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Centre for Research in Biological Sciences Food and Nutrition (CRSBAN) University Joseph Ki-Zerbo (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) Bamako Mali Department of Traditional Medicine (DMT) National Institute of Research in Public Health (INSRP) Bamako Mali

Malnutrition and food insecurity are major concerns for the Malian authorities. The objective of this study was to strengthen the knowledge about the nutritional and physicochemical values of four underutilized edible wild fruits picked at two cities belonging to different bioclimatic zones of Mali. The physicochemical and nutritional parameters were performed using standard methods. The findings revealed that all these parameters varied from one fruit to another, this outcome could be associated with the provenances of the wild fruits (p-value R. sudanica fruits to 5.34 g/100g DM for those of B. aegyptiaca, all these samples were being harvested from Sikasso. The highest concentrations of vitamins are C (150,800 to 151,000 μg/100g DM), E (1,310 to 1,350 μg/100g DM) and A (38 to 40 μg/100g DM) respectively for the fruits of Z. mauritiana, B. aegyptiaca and S. senegalensis. In addition, these fruits would constitute a potential source of minerals such as iron, phosphorus and calcium. Thereby, these fruits are promising raw materials to be used against the malnutrition linked to the micronutrients defici

关键词： Wild Fruits Nutritional Values Provenances Malnutrition Food Insecurity

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Angiographic Features of Intracranial Aneurisms in Mali: A Preliminary Study of 105 Patients

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： Mahamadou Dama Oumar Coulibaly Oumar Diallo Daouda Sissoko Hawa diarra Kalba Tembine mamadou Salia diarra Madani Ouologem Drissa Kanikomo Neurosurgery Department University Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali Radiology Department University Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali Anesthesiology Department University Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali Neurosurgery Department Hospital of Luxembourg Bamako Mali Unite of Neurology Infirmery of the Armies Bamako Mali Department of Neurosurgery Gabriel Touré Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Rupture of intracranial aneurisms leads to severe morbidity and mortality. There are two modalities of treatment surgery and endovascular treatment. The diagnosis is made by angiography (DSA, CTA, RMA). The angiographic features used to assess the risk of the complications and choose the treatment modality are size, location and aneurism morphology. Materials and Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of all patients admitted to the hospital of Mali with IAs from 2015 to 2021 either 7 years. Patients who were less than 18 years old, those with non-aneurysmal SAH, patients who request a discharge and those with an incomplete angiographic description of the IAs were excluded from the analysis. Results: We have collected 105 patients with 109 aneurysms. The sex ratio was 2/1 in favor of females. The mean age was 44.51 years with the range from 18 to 70 years. The presentation mode was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 97% of cases. 76.19% had confirmed high blood pressure before the bleeding. 19.04% were diabetics. 98% of our patients have made a CT angiography and 2% have made MR angiography for the aneurysm diagnosis. 97.24% of aneurisms were located in the anterior part of the Willis circle. 39.44% of these aneurisms were the anterior communicating complex aneurysm. 27.52% of aneurysm had a small size, 42.20% had a medium size, 20.18% large size against 5.50% of the giant (Figure 3) and the middle cerebral artery was the most involved in the least. 95.41% of cases were saccular aneurysms against 4.59% fusiform. Conclusion: The angiographic feature of an intracranial aneurism in the Malian population may differ from other populations of the sub-region. The anterior communicating complex aneurysm is more common and the aneurism of the posterior part of the Willis circle is less common. We found the aneurism size ≥ 6 mm, ACA, MCA and Pcom more frequent.

关键词： Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Aneurism CT Angiography RMA

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Migration of a Progestin Implant into a Pulmonary Artery: Observation of a Case at the Reference Health Center of Commune III of the District of Bamako in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1431-1436页

作者： Hamady Sissoko Souma Kodio Hamidou Albachar Cheickna Sylla Salif diarra Sidy Moctar Diakité Mohamed Traoré Souleymane Traoré Ibrahim Fomba Ouncoumba diarra Nana Bah Drissa diarra Mahamoudou Coulibaly bocary Sidi Koné Hawa Samaké Ahmadou Coulibaly mamadou Traoré Seydou Z. Dao Sitapha Dembélé Samou diarra Konimba Koné Alou Samaké Sanogo Siaka Amara Reference Health Centre of Commune III of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Gabriel Toure University Hospital Center in Bamako Bamako Mali Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Kalaban Coro Reference Health Centre Bamako Mali Mohamed VI Perinatal Clinic Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune V of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali Point-G Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune II of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali H Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes Kayes Mali Reference Health Centre of Commune VI of the District of Bamako Bamako Mali

It was a 36-year-old patient, 5th Pregnancy, 5th Delivery, 4 live children, and I deceased, had a consultation in the department for the removal of implants. Questioning revealed that she had had the implant three years ago without medical follow-up. It was in view of the difficulties in extracting the capsule that the chest X-ray and CT scan carried out concluded that the implant had migrated into a branch of the left pulmonary artery. Therapeutic abstention has been the attitude of cardiovascular surgeons.

关键词： Migration Implant Pulmonary Artery Bamako

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Detection of Cocoa Leaf Diseases Using the CNN-Based Feature Extractor and XGBOOST Classifier

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第10期14卷 2955-2972页

作者： Kouassi Simeon Kouassi mamadou diarra Kouassi Hilaire Edi Brou Jean-Claude Koua Mechanics and Computer Science Laboratory Felix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Mathematics and Computer Science Laboratory Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Ivory Coast

Among all the plagues threatening cocoa cultivation in general, and particularly in West Africa, the swollen shoot viral disease is currently the most dangerous. The greatest challenge in the fight to eradicate this pandemic remains its early detection. Traditional methods of swollen shoot detection are mostly based on visual observations, leading to late detection and/or diagnostic errors. The use of machine learning algorithms is now an alternative for effective plant disease detection. It is therefore crucial to provide efficient solutions to farmers’ cooperatives. In our study, we built a database of healthy and diseased cocoa leaves. We then explored the power of feature extractors based on convolutional neural networks such as VGG 19, Inception V3, DenseNet 201, and a custom CNN, combining their strengths with the XGBOOST classifier. The results of our experiments showed that this fusion of methods with XGBOOST yielded highly promising scores, outperforming the results of algorithms using the sigmoid function. These results were further consolidated by the use of evaluation metrics such as accuracy, mean squared error, F score, recall, and Matthews’s correlation coefficient. The proposed approach, combining state of the art feature extractors and the XGBOOST classifier, offers an efficient and reliable solution for the early detection of swollen shoot. Its implementation could significantly assist West African cocoa farmers in combating this devastating disease and preserving their crops.

关键词： Machine Learning Cocoa Leaf Diseases Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Feature Extraction Image Recognition XGBOOST

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Etiological Aspects of the Dilatation of the Upper Urinary Tract at University Hospital of Gabriel Toure

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Open Journal of Urology 2018年第7期8卷 199-205页

作者： Amadou Kassogué mamadou Tidiani Coulibaly Zanafon Ouattara Adama Yaflé diarra Aly Tembely Department of Urology University Hospital of Pr Bocar Sidy Sall at Kati Mali Department of Urology University Hospital of Gabriel Toure at Bamako Mali Department of Urology University Hospital of Point G at Bamako Mali

Introduction: The dilatation of the upper urinary tract, signs in the vast majority of cases the presence of a ureteral obstacle. The etiologies are diverse. Mali is a country where urinary schistosomiasis is endemic. Repeated infestation may result in long-term ureteropelastic dilatation secondary to stenotic sequelae. The objective is to study the causes of dilatations of the upper urinary tract. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 12 months, from October 2010 to September 2011, performed in the urology department of Gabriel Toure University Hospital in Bamako. The parameters studied were: age, sex, reason for consultation, medical history, urinary analysis, etiological diagnosis, management, evaluation of renal failure. Result: In 12 months, we collected 50 cases of dilatations of the upper urinary tract representing 0.66% of all consultations. The average age of our patients was 35 years old. The sex ratio was 2.13 in favor of men. A history of urinary schistosomiasis was found in 25 patients or 50%. Low back pain was the most common reason for consultation, 76%. The renal and bladder ultrasonography performed in all 50 patients in our series found bilateral dilatation in 68% of patients and unilateral dilation in 32% of cases. Urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli was found in 53% of cases. Ureterovesical reimplantation was performed in 40% of cases. Conclusion: The dilatation of the upper urinary tract, consequence of an anatomical or functional obstruction, constitutes a rather frequent pathology and constituted 10% of the surgical acts of our service. Etiologies are diverse: congenital and acquired. Open surgery gives good results, but the introduction of innovative minimally invasive surgical technique is necessary.

关键词： Etiological Dilatation of the Upper Urinary Tract Treatment

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