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Peri-implant gas accumulation in response to magnesium-based musculoskeletal biomaterials:reframing current evidence for preclinical research and clinical evaluation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 59-71页

作者： Yu Sun Heike Helmholz regine Willumeit-römer Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

Historically,the rapid degradation and massive gas release from magnesium(Mg)implants resulted in severe emphysema and mechanical *** the advent of new alloys and surface treatment methods,optimized Mg implants have re-entered clinics since last decade with reliable ***,the optimization aims at slowing down the degradation process,rather than exemption of the gas *** study involved a systematic evaluation of current preclinical and clinical evidence,regarding the physical signs,symptoms,radiological features,pathological findings and complications potentially associated with peri±implant gas accumulation(PIGA)after musculoskeletal Mg *** literature search identified 196 potentially relevant publications,and 51 papers were enrolled for further analysis,including 22 preclinical tests and 29 clinical studies published from 2005 to *** Mg-based materials have been evaluated in animal research,and the application of pure Mg and Mg alloys have been reported in clinical follow-ups involving multiple anatomical sites and musculoskeletal *** tissue and intraosseous PIGA are common in both animal tests and clinical follow-ups,and potentially associated with certain adverse *** examinations especially micro-CT and clinical CT scans provide valuable information for quantitative and longitudinal *** according to simulation tests involving Mg implantation and chemical processing,tissue fixation could lead to an increase in the volume of gas cavity,thus the results obtained from ex vivo imaging or histopathological evaluations should be interpreted with *** still lacks standardized procedures or consensus for both preclinical and clinical evaluation of ***,by providing focused insights into the topic,this evidence-based study will facilitate future animal tests and clinical evaluations,and support developing biocompatible Mg implants for the treatment of musculoskeletal

关键词： Magnesium implant Degradation Hydrogen Gas release Postoperative follow-up

An Efficient Modelling of Oversampling with Optimal Deep Learning Enabled Anomaly Detection in Streaming Data

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 249-260页

作者： r.rajakumar S.Sathiya Devi Srinivasa ramanujan Centre SASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonamTamil Nadu 612001India University College of Engineering BIT CampusAnna UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India

recently,anomaly detection(AD)in streaming data gained significant attention among research communities due to its applicability in finance,business,healthcare,education,*** recent developments of deep learning(DL)models find helpful in the detection and classification of *** article designs an oversampling with an optimal deep learning-based streaming data classification(OS-ODLSDC)*** aim of the OSODLSDC model is to recognize and classify the presence of anomalies in the streaming *** proposed OS-ODLSDC model initially undergoes preprocessing *** streaming data is unbalanced,support vector machine(SVM)-Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SVM-SMOTE)is applied for oversampling ***,the OS-ODLSDC model employs bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi LSTM)for AD and ***,the root means square propagation(rMSProp)optimizer is applied for optimal hyperparameter tuning of the Bi LSTM *** ensuring the promising performance of the OS-ODLSDC model,a wide-ranging experimental analysis is performed using three benchmark datasets such as CICIDS 2018,KDD-Cup 1999,and NSL-KDD datasets.

关键词： anomaly detection deep learning hyperparameter optimization oversampling SMOTE streaming data

Design of computer vision assisted machine learning based controller for the Stewart platform to track spatial objects

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 1195-1208页

作者： Dev Kunwar Singh CHAUHAN Pandu r.VUNDAVILLI Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752050India

The present work aims to develop an object tracking controller for the Stewart platform using a computer vision-assisted machine learning-based *** research is divided into two *** first module focuses on the design of a motion controller for the Physik Instrumente(PI)-based Stewart *** contrast,the second module deals with the development of a machine-learning-based spatial object tracking algorithm by collecting information from the Zed 2 stereo vision ***,simple feed-forward neural networks(NN)are used to predict the orientation of the top table of the *** training,the x,y,and z coordinates of the three-dimensional(3D)object,extracted from images,are used as the input to the *** contrast,the orientation information of the platform(that is,rotation about the x,y,and z-axes)is considered as the output from the *** orientation information obtained from the network is fed to the inverse kinematics-based motion controller(module 1)to move the platform while tracking the *** training,the optimised NN is used to track the continuously moving 3D *** experimental results show that the developed NN-based controller has successfully tracked the moving spatial object with reasonably good accuracy.

关键词： Stewart platform feed-forward neural networks motion controller inverse kinematics stereo vision

Navigating the Challenges of Emerging Contaminants to Protect Human and Ecological Health

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jiuhui Qu Michael r.Hoffmann Gang Yu School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Linde-robinson Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519000China

Emerging contaminants are defined as chemicals that are not currently(or have only recently been)regulated and about which there are concerns regarding their impact on human or ecological *** contaminants are widely detected in air,water,soil,sediment,and biotic *** is against this backdrop of urgency that we have curated this special issue titled“Emerging Contaminants Control:Science and Technology,”with the goal of uniting the latest scientific insights and pioneering strategies to address this global *** special issue embarks on a comprehensive examination of the emerging contaminants dilemma,covering aspects such as risk assessment,remediation technologies,environmental surveying,and the broader implications for *** a collection of articles,we probe deep into the core of this issue,showcasing studies that range from appraising environmental risks to forging new methods for treatment and scrutinizing the occurrence of contaminants across different environmental settings.

关键词： Ecological surveying environmental

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss rice Fields (Far-North region, Cameroon) and Transfer to rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon research Center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (CrEGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss Accumulation

Soil security and global food security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 297-302页

作者： David r.MONTGOMErY Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington townSeattleWA 98105USA

Over the course of the postglacial period has managed to add degrade a substantial portion of the world's potential agricultural land. The soil loss and degradation that has repeatedly impacted regional societies around the world resulted from agricultural practices that increased the physical loss of soil(erosion), reduced soil organic matter, changed p H(acidification) or salinity,and disrupted or altered communities of soil life. In the coming century, as continued soil degradation threatens global food security while the global population keeps rising it is imperative that farmers develop and adopt soilhealth building(regenerative) practices to solve a problem that has plagued societies throughout history. Growing evidence suggests that agricultural systems that combine cover crops, reduced tillage, and diverse crop rotations can reduce erosion, enhance soil health and rebuild soil organic matter to cultivate beneficial soil life and harvest both economic and environmental benefits. In the coming post-oil world, global food security would benefit from a global effort to promote soil restoration to help addresses the challenge of sustainably feeding the world, increase soil-based carbon sequestration,protect on-farm biodiversity and reduce off-farm water pollution. Because soil security sets a solid foundation for global food security, agricultural policies and subsidies should be reformed to encourage farmers to adopt regenerative,soil-building practices.

关键词： Agriculture soil security food security regenerative

rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBrM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS rhodes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natural resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIrO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Moran Michael r.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

Structural changes in the obese brain

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2561-2562页

作者： Anna r.r.Da Conceicao Marcelo N.N.Vieira Fernanda G.De Felice D’Or Institute for research and Education Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Centre for Neuroscience Studies Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences&Department of PsychiatryQueen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Obesity represents a major global health concern,with widespread growing prevalence and severe consequences for the quality of life and life expectancy of affected individuals and for the economic burden of healthcare systems(Prospective Studies Collaboration,2009).Obesity is a well-established risk factor for a variety of conditions including metabolic,vascula r,and heart diseases,and seve ral types of cancer(Prospective Studies Collaboration,2009).

关键词： diseases consequences prevalence