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Perspective:The Rapidly Expanding Need for Biosecurity by Design

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 261-263页

作者： diane dieuliis National Defense University Fort McNairWashingtonDCUSA

Advancing biotechnologies are revolutionizing not only health and medicine, but also many different sectors such as agriculture,energy, chemistry, and textiles. As synthetic biology is leveraged as a programmable platform for the creation and biodesign ofhigh-value biological medicines, foods, and commodities, the world is facing new territory in terms of ensuring the safety andsecurity of both novel and engineered biological organisms, as well as the biological and digital platforms in which they aredesigned. Biosecurity practices and policies have traditionally revolved around preventing the misuse of biological pathogens,primarily through controlling access to pathogens. The advent of biodesign capabilities, such as gene editors, gene synthesiscapabilities, and genetic engineering, requires a reevaluation of traditional biosecurity policies to mitigate risks associated withsuch engineering of biological entities. Here, features of “Biosecurity by Design” approaches are described, including theapplication of risk/benefit analysis and risk mitigation, post-COVID opportunities, and ethical global norms in the progressionof biodesign and growing bioeconomies.

关键词： traditionally primarily benefit

An approach to incorporate linkage disequilibrium structure into genomic association analysis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第6期35卷 381-385页

作者： diane Wagener Statistics and Epidemiology Unit Research Triangle Institute

In this study, we propose to use the principal component analysis （PCA） and regression model to incorporate linkage disequilibrium （LD） in genomic association data analysis. To accommodate LD in genomic data and reduce multiple testing, we suggest performing PCA and extracting the PCA score to capture the variation of genomic data, after which regression analysis is used to assess the association of the disease with the principal component score. An empirical analysis result shows that both genotype-based correlation matrix and haplotype-based LD matrix can produce similar results for PCA. Principal component score seems to be more powerful in detecting genetic association because the principal component score is quantitatively measured and may be able to capture the effect of multiple loci.

关键词： genetic association analysis principal component analysis linkage disequilibrium

Metal-organic framework(MOF)-derived catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Recent progress and future perspectives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 230-245页

作者： Kabir Opeyemi Otun Xinying Liu diane Hildebrandt Institute for the Development of Energy fo r African Sustainability College of ScienceEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Chemistry Kwara State UniversityPMB 1530llorinKwara StateNigeria International Joint Laboratory of New Energy Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018HebeiChina

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis(FTS) is an important catalytic chemical reaction that converts a mixture of CO and H2(syngas) derived from biomass, coal or natural gas into ultra-clean fuels or value-added chemicals. However, most traditional catalysts used in the Fischer-Tropsch process are faced with the problems of high deactivation rate triggered by sintering, phase changes and oxidation which hamper their catalytic performance. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived materials have been a promising alternative in addressing the catalyst deactivation problems in FTS because of the encapsulation of their metal nanoparticles in carbon matrix and absence of large particle size, among other reasons. Therefore, this review emphasizes the most recent research headway in the investigation of MOFs as precursors to achieve high-performance FTS catalysts. Precisely, the design of iron and cobalt-based FTS catalysts from parent MOFs via MOF-mediated synthesis, the catalytic activity of the MOF-derived materials and the promoter effects under FTS operation were outlined and discussed. We have also evaluated the influence of MOF structures on the FTS performance and compared them with traditional/commercially available catalysts to show the importance of this approach. Finally, the challenges and opportunities to further expedite the extensive research efforts and promote their applications in material design and FT technology were mentioned.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Catalyst MOFMS Deactivation

Neuronal growth cones and regeneration: gridlock within th extracellular matrix

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 341-342页

作者： diane M.Snow Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC) Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyThe University of Kentucky

The extracellular matrix is a diverse composition of glycoproteins and proteoglycans found in all cellular systems. The extracellular matrix, abundant in the mammalian central nervous system, is temporally and spatially regulated and is a dynamic ＂living＂ entity that is reshaped and redesigned on a continuous basis in response to changing needs. Some modifications are adaptive and some are maladaptive. It is the maladaptive responses that pose a significant threat to successful axonal regeneration and/or sprouting following traumatic and spinal cord injuries, and has been the focus of a myriad of research laboratories for many years. This review focuses largely on the extracellular matrix component, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, with certain comparisons to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which tend to serve opposite functions in the central nervous system. Although about equally as well characterized as some of the other proteoglycans such as hyaluronan and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are the most widely researched and discussed proteoglycans in the field of axonal injury and regeneration. Four laboratories discuss various aspects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and proteoglycans in general with respect to their structure and function （Beller and Snow）, the recent discovery of specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan receptors and what this may mean the field （Shen）, extracellular for increased advancements in matrix degradation by matrix metalloproteinases, which sculpt and resculpt to provide support for outgrowth, synapse formation, and synapse stability （Phillips et al.）, and the perilesion microenvironment with respect to immune system function in response to proteoglycans and central nervous system injuries （Jakeman et al.）.

关键词： cell CSPG gridlock within th extracellular matrix ECM

Nanomedicine-based drug delivery towards tumor biological and immunological microenvironment

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第11期10卷 2110-2124页

作者： Jin Li diane J.Burgess Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269-3092USA

The complex tumor microenvironment is a most important factor in cancer *** biological microenvironment is composed of a variety of barriers including the extracellular matrix and associated cells such as endothelia cells,pericytes,and cancer-associated *** strategies can be utilized to enhance nanoparticle-based drug delivery and distribution into tumor tissues addressing the extracellular matrix or cellular *** addition to the biological microenvironment,the immunological conditions around the tumor tissue can be very complicated and cancer cells have various ways of evading immune *** drug delivery systems can enhance cancer immunotherapy by tuning the immunological response and memory of various immune cells such as T cells,B cells,macrophages,and dendritic *** this review,the main components in the tumor biological and immunological environment are *** focus is on recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems towards targets within the tumor microenvironment to improve cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

关键词： Tumor microenvironment Nanoparticles Drug delivery Tumor immunology Tumor treatment Tumor targeting Immunotherapy Combinational therapy

A Machine Learning-Based Distributed Denial of Service Detection Approach for Early Warning in Internet Exchange Points

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 2235-2259页

作者： Salem Alhayani diane R.Murphy School of Technology and Innovation College of Business InnovationLeadershipand Technology(BILT)Marymount UniversityArlingtonVirginia22207USA

The Internet service provider(ISP)is the heart of any country’s Internet infrastructure and plays an important role in connecting to theWorld *** exchange point(IXP)allows the interconnection of two or more separate network *** Internet traffic entering a country should pass through its ***,it is an ideal location for performing malicious traffic *** denial of service(DDoS)attacks are becoming a more serious daily *** actors in DDoS attacks control numerous infected machines known as *** are used to send numerous fake requests to overwhelm the resources of victims and make them unavailable for some *** date,such attacks present a major devastating security threat on the *** paper proposes an effective and efficient machine learning(ML)-based DDoS detection approach for the early warning and protection of the Saudi Arabia Internet exchange point(SAIXP)*** effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach are verified by selecting an accurate ML method with a small number of input features.A chi-square method is used for feature selection because it is easier to compute than other methods,and it does not require any assumption about feature distribution *** ML methods are assessed using holdout and 10-fold tests on a public large-size *** experiments showed that the performance of the decision tree(DT)classifier achieved a high accuracy result(99.98%)with a small number of features(10 features).The experimental results confirmthe applicability of using DT and chi-square for DDoS detection and early warning in SAIXP.

关键词： Internet exchange point Saudi Arabia IXP(SAIXP) distributed denial of service chi-square feature selection machine learning

Commentary on:“Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies”

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： diane M.Snow Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center(SCoBIRC) Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyThe University of Kentucky

Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.

关键词： data Commentary on Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies SCI

Netrin-1 marshals mitochondrial movement,morphology,and metabolism in myelin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2399-2400页

作者： diane SNakamura Timothy E.Kennedy Montreal Neurological Institute Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system(CNS)that ensheath nearby axons to support action potential propagation and axon *** involves the rapid production of lipid-rich membrane,compaction of the multilamellar myelin sheath,and the resultant restriction of cytoplasm to non-compact *** myelination,septate-like junctions form between the axon and lateral cytoplasmic endings of the myelin sheath at a specialized domain called the paranode(Figure 1A).

关键词： Figure resultant system

Proteoglycans: Road Signs for Neurite Outgrowth

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 343-355页

作者： Justin A.Beller diane M.Snow Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center The University of Kentucky

Proteoglycans in the central nervous system play integral roles as ＂traffic signals＂ for the direction of neurite outgrowth. This attribute of proteoglycans is a major factor in regeneration of the injured central nervous system. In this review, the structures of proteoglycans and the evidence suggesting their involvement in the response following spinal cord injury are presented. The review further describes the methods routinely used to determine the effect proteoglycans have on neurite outgrowth. The effects of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are not completely understood as there is disagreement on what component of the molecule is interacting with growing neurites and this ambiguity is chronicled in an historical context. Finally, the most recent findings suggesting possible receptors, interactions, and sulfation patterns that may be important in eliciting the effect of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are discussed. A greater understanding of the proteoglycan-neurite interaction is necessary for successfully promoting regeneration in the iniured central nervous system.

关键词： chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans heparan sulfate proteoglycans glycosaminoglycans protein core extracellular matrix neuronal growth cones axon outgrowth and regeneration spinalcord injury glial scar tissue culture